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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Endoscopic ultrasound—Three-dimensional imaging—Esophageal cancer—Tumor staging—Colorectal cancer.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional endoluminal ultrasound of gastrointestinal tumors. Methods: Sixteen patients with esophageal, gastric, or colorectal tumors underwent endoscopic ultrasound. Three-dimensional ultrasound data were obtained from multiple serial images of a miniprobe (360°, 12.5 MHz) and processed on a PC-based 3D workstation. Results: Adequate three-dimensional ultrasound scans were obtained in eight patients with esophageal cancer and five patients with colorectal cancer. Three-dimensional image processing enabled visualization of the data as a multiplanar display or as a life-like three-dimensional view. The availability of arbitrary scan planes improved the assessment of local tumor spread and the spatial relation of the tumor to relevant adjacent structures (e.g., major vessels). Three-dimensional presentations provided realistic views of the anatomy and facilitated the interpretation of the ultrasound images. Conclusions: Three-dimensional display and the ability to review endoluminal ultrasound data interactively may improve the staging of gastrointestinal tumors. These preliminary data encourage further evaluation of this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 1315-1322 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Metastatic cascade ; Adhesion ; Proteolysis ; Growth factors ; Angiogenesis ; Therapy. ; Schlüsselwörter: Metastatische Kaskade ; Adhäsion ; Proteolyse ; Wachstumsfaktoren ; Angiogenese ; Therapie.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Entstehung von Metastasen setzt eine Vielzahl von Einzelschritten voraus, die Tumorzellen bewältigen müssen, bevor sie vom Primärtumor entfernt andernorts manifest werden. Als einer der ersten Schritte wird die epitheliale Integrität durch Zelladhäsionsverlust aufgehoben. Die Proteolyse der extracellulären Matrix sowie eine gesteigerte Lokomotion der malignen Zellen führt letztendlich zur Intravasation und Dissemination. Tumorzellen müssen dann wieder an das Endothel adhärieren und im Metastasierungsorgan das Gefäßsystem verlassen. Die Etablierung dort bedarf neben proteolytischer und adhäsiver Prozesse insbesondere der Neoangiogenese, die das Metastasenwachstum initiiert und aufrechterhält. Aus diesem Grund erscheint insbesondere eine antiangiogene sowie antiproteolytische Therapie ein sinnvoller neuer Therapieansatz, das Metastasenwachstum zu unterbinden. Ob dieses Ziel durch synthetische oder endogene Substanzen erreichbar ist, wird die weitere Grundlagen- und letztendlich klinische Forschung zeigen müssen.
    Notes: Summary. Metastasis formation is a multistep process that requires tumor cells to progress through many different stages. One of the first steps is a disturbance of the epithelial integrity through a decrease in intercellular homotypic adhesion. Proteolysis of the extracellular matrix, as well as increased locomotion, leads to intravasation and dissemination of the tumor cells. In the target organs metastasizing cells adhere to the endothelium, extravasate and form metastases. Finally, neoangiogenesis is required for the initiation as well as the growth of the metastases, providing the tumor cells with both nutritive agents and growth factors. This leads to the conclusion that anti-proteolytic and anti-angiogenic substances could provide effective therapeutic approaches for the control of metastatic growth. Whether or not this goal can be accomplished by synthetic or endogenous drugs must still be demonstrated by basic and definitive clinical research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 11 (1997), S. 991-994 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Endoscopic ultrasound — Three-dimensional imaging — Esophageal cancer — Staging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to develop a technique for three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasound of the esophagus based on standard ultrasonic images. Methods: Endoscopic ultrasound was performed in five esophageal cancer patients using a high-resolution miniprobe (360°, 12.5 MHz). For acquisition of three-dimensional data sets, the miniprobe was attached to a stepping motor that enabled ECG-triggered withdrawal of the transducer. Three-dimensional images were reconstructed from serial transverse sections on a PC-based 3D work station. Results: Twelve volume scans were obtained in five patients with esophageal cancer. The system enabled the acquisition of accurate three-dimensional ultrasound data within 30– 50 s. Computed image processing allowed us to display the data in transverse, longitudinal, and oblique sections, or as a 3D reconstruction. Three-dimensional imaging provided accurate visualization of the tumor and surrounding structures in all cases. The tumor stage was determined correctly in four of five patients. Longitudinal scan planes and 3D views improved the assessment of longitudinal tumor infiltration and the spatial relation of the tumor to relevant mediastinal structures. Conclusion: This study shows that three-dimensional endoscopic ultrasound of the esophagus is technically feasible. The technique allows the assessment of local tumor spread in previously unattainable scan planes and 3D views. This promising preliminary experience should encourage further exploration of this method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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