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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioreactor Operating Strategies for Microbial Lipids from Carbohydrates (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 506 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb23841.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methanol biosynthesis by covalently immobilized cells of Methylosinus trichosporium: Batch and continuous studies (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 551-556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Methylosinus trichosporium ; methanol biosynthesis ; immobilization ; batch and continuous studies ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The DEAE-cellulose linked cells of Methylosinus trichosporium displaying high specific methane mono-oxygenase activity (66 μmol methane oxidized/h mg cells) were used for methanol biosynthesis from biogas derived methane in a batch and a continuous cell reactor. The optimum cell-to-carrier ratio was determined to be 0.5 g cells/g dry weight cellulose. Batch experiments indicated that 100 mM phosphate ion concentration was necessary to inhibit further oxidation of methanol; excess oxygen supply favored methanol accumulation with an increase in methane conversion efficiency to 27%. A pulse of 40 mM sodium formate at the end of 6 h resulted in restoration of methanol accumulation by regenerating NADH2 required for the sustained activity of methane mono-oxygenase. Maximum methanol level of 50 μmol/mg cells was obtained in the batch reactor. In a standard 50-mL ultrafiltration continuous reactor, the covalently linked cells produced methanol at a continuous rate of 100 μmol/h for the first 10 h, after which the methanol accumulation rate fell low due to the depletion of NADH2. The methanol accumulation could be stimulated by supplying sodium formate (40 mM) in either 20 or 100 mM phosphate buffer. Maximum methanol accumulation rate of 267 μmol/h was obtained when 20 mM formate was supplied in the feed stream containing 100 mM phosphate ions, and this level of biosynthesis was maintained for over 72 h. The stoichiometric balance made at various points of formate addition indicated that the molar amount of methanol generated at steady state is dependent on the equimolar addition of sodium formate to the feed. The half-life t1/2 and thermal denaturation rate constant Kd were computed to be 108 h and 6.42 × 10-3 h-1, respectively.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370609
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory factors involved in acetone-butanol fermentation byClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum (1987)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 16 (1987), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies carried out onClostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum (ATCC 27022) reveal that intracellular and extracellular inhibitors, including metabolic end-products, caused the inhibition of cell growth and solvent production. Butanol at the level of 13.0 g/liter was completely inhibitory to the growth of cells, whereas butyric acid totally inhibited the cell growth at a concentration of 8.7 g/liter. Investigations carried out on the effect of addition of culture filtrate concentrate and cell-free extract concentrate indicate that nonvolatile inhibitors produced by cells were also inhibitory for bioconversion. The butanol production was found to be reduced by 15%–20% on addition of cell-free extract concentrate. Inhibition by concentrates was enhanced in the presence of butanol. Addition of heat-sterilized concentrates resulted in a reduction of inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01588173
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous enzymatic saccharification of cellulose with culture filtrates of trichoderma viride QM 6a.Paper presented at the 3rd International Fermentation Symposium, New Brunswick, New Jersey, September 3-6, 1968. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 11 (1969), S. 239-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous saccharification of Solka Floc (cellulose pulp) in single and four-vessel stirred-tank reactor systems has been possible employing enzymes obtained directly from submerged fermentation of Trichoderma viride QM 6a. Studies on the effect of modification of the solid substrate, enzyme stability, substrate concentration, and the influence of reducing sugar concentration on the rate of hydrolysis are reported. While susceptibility of substrate to digestion is not affected by heating alone, it is strikingly increased by heating plus grinding, or by grinding following heating. Batch and steady state continuous saccharification experiments have yielded more than 5% reducing sugar in the effluent with a dilution rate of 0.025 hr-1 at 50°C, at a substrate level of 10%. An average glucose concentration of 3.4% has been obtained in the effluent of a continuous saccharification using 5% substrate at the same dilution rate and temperature.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260110208
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for continuous enzymatic saccharification of cellulose with simultaneous removal of glucose syrupPresented at the ACS Symposium on Industrial Microbial Enzymes, New York, N.Y., U.S.A., September 7-12, 1969. (1970)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 12 (1970), S. 921-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Cellulase of Trichoderma viride was concentrated in various molecular cutoff membranes, and flux rates and retention of activity were studied under ultra-filtration conditions. Little or no Cellulase was discharged through the membranes tested. The concentrated (5-8-fold) enzymes were used to saccharify finely ground substrate (Solka Floe) in stirred tank (STR) and membrane reactors (MR). A pressure filtration vessel provided with a membrane for simultaneous removal of low molecular weight products (glucose) from the reacting system (Cellulose-Cellulase) is designated as a membrane reactor. Continuous digestion of dense cellulose suspension in the membrane reactor was achieved. Using PM-30 (Amicon) membrane reasonably high mass flux values (9.7-23.3 gals/ft2 - day) were obtained in separating glucose from a digest of 30% cellulose suspension. Abcor membrane (HFA 300) was equally effective and necessitated less care in handling. Nearly 14% glucose concentration has been achieved in less than 50 hrs in STR by digesting a 30% cellulose suspension. Based on experimental data a model system is proposed for the continuous steady state Saccharification of ground substrate in which there is continuous removal of concentrated glucose syrup, and a feedback of enzyme.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260120606
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