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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymphocyte subsets and Langerhans cells in allergic and irritant patch test reactions: histometric studies (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 13 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study has attempted to distinguish between allergic and irritant reactions to patch tests by semiquantitative histological methods. The extent of perivascular chronic inflammatory infiltrate at 72h in irritant patch test reactions to sodium lauryl sulphate was shown to be small and very consistent. whereas in allergic reactions in nickel sulphate it was generally larger and more variable in size (p 〈 0.02). The two major lymphocyte subsets (T4 and T8) were randomly intermixed in both types of reaction and formed the major component of both the perivascular and diffuse dermal infiltrate, without any evidence of selective migration The T4:T8 ratios were similar in focal and diffuse infiltrates. The number of T6 dendritic (putative Langerhans) cells in the epidermis (per mm inner epidermal length) was usually greatly reduced in irritant reactions (5–16 mm −1, mean 10 mm−1) but remained within normal limits in allergic reactions (6–33 mm−;1, mean 21 mm–1) (p 〈0.001). Comparable results were seen with other irritants (mercuric chloride and benzalkonium chloride) and older allergens (neomycin sulphate. ethylene diamine and potassium dichromate).In additional experiments, pairs of biopsies were taken from the reaction and from adjacent unaffected skin. The T6 cell density in the epidermis did not significantly differ between allergic reactions and control skin. By contrast, (lie irritant reactions had fewer T6 cells than the control skin (p 〈 0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1985.tb02530.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dilute Gelling Systems. II. Polyesters (1958)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 62 (1958), S. 972-977 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150566a020
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relation between Cutaneous Blood Flow and Cell Content in the Tuberculin Reaction (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship of velocity of blood flow to density and microanatomical distribution of inflammatory cells in the dermis was studied in 20 human tuberculin tests. Must positive reactions showed maximal blood flow velocities (measured as red blood cell (RBC)flux) at the centre of the reaction, but the two most intense responses showed ‘central relative slowing’(CRS) with higher RBC flux at she periphery. Two of the four clinically negative reactions showed a considerable acceleration of blood flow, but the other two showed no such acceleration. The packing density of lymphocytes/monocytes in the perivascular zone was greater in the stronger positives than in the weaker reactions. The density of cells in the intervening dermis was markedly lower than in the foci: the lesions with CRS had the highest density of cells in the diffuse infiltrate of the reticular dermis. At the centre of the reaction, blood flow velocity was generally related to density of cellular infiltrate, except in those with CRS, which had a disproportionately lower blood flow velocity. The finding that the circulatory adaptation to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction can be inadequate may explain the dermal acidosis previously observed in intense skin test reactions, and may be the underlying mechanism of necrosis in hypersensitive reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01096.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum Inhibitory Factor in Lepromatous Leprosy: Its Effect on the Pre-S-Phase Cell-Cycle Kinetics of Mitogen-stimulated Normal Human Lymphocytes (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 14 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sera of ten Egyptian men with long-standing lepromatous leprosy (LL) (mean duration 17.4 years) that had failed to respond in dapsone treatment were shown to inhibit mitogen stimulation responses of normal human lymphocytes. When first tested, the sera partly inhibited the response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen and virtually abolished that to concanavalin A (Con A): after repeated freezing and thawing, the Con A inhibition had disappeared, whereas the PHA response was still partly Inhibited. The inhibitory serum factor(s) had similar actions on lymphocytes from each of six normal donors. Although the sera varied in potency, they showed similar dose response curves when tested against lymphocytes from a single donor. The principal action of the sera was to reduce the number of cells responding to mitogen, without modifying the kinetics of recruitment or rate of volume growth during G1-phase in those cells that were unaffected by the inhibitory substances(s). Study of PHA dose-response curves and of the effect of delayed addition of LL serum suggested that the serum factor(s) act by diminishing the responsiveness of the cells, rather than by reducing the concentrations of free mitogen or by blocking cell membrane mitogen receptors The serum from one apparently healthy attendant, who had nursed leprosy patients for 30 years but who did not have leprosy or other chronic infective disease, inhibited completely stimulation by all three mitogens in a manner different from that of LL sera. Serum from the other 13 control patients did not modify the response of normal lymphocytes to stimulation by any of the three mitogens studied. It was concluded that the inhibitory factor(s) in the scrum of patients, with LL were a consequence of the disease and not of the environment in which the patients lived. Microscopy confirmed that the techniques used for recovery of the cultured cells did not introduce bias into the volume spectroscopy measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1981.tb00564.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass temperature of copolymers (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 40 (1959), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: According to a recent theory of the glassy state, chain stiffness is the main determinant of the glass transition. In this paper the theory is applied to the problem of predicting the glass temperatures of copolymers of varying composition and therefore varying chain stiffness. It is found that a simplified treatment leads to an equation which is identical in form to the Gordon-Taylor equation but whose coefficients have a different physical significance. Evaluation of these coefficients requires knowledge of only the structures of the homopolymers. This simplified treatment can be applied to various types of copolymer systems but amounts to more of an approximation in the case of random copolymers of the addition (vinyl) type than in the case of random copolymers of the condensation type. The glass temperatures of the condensation copolymer system polyethylene adipate/terephthalate are predicted within experimental error. The average per cent deviation between theory and experiment for 10 well-characterized vinyl type copolymer systems is found to be 6.4%. In order to illustrate the applicability of the equation to systems not normally considered as copolymeric, the glass temperatures of the polymer system poly-n-alkyl methyl methacrylate (varying n) are correlated.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1204013609
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of synthesis and/or conformational changes of biological macromolecules (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 4 (1966), S. 3-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analogy, in both the thermodynamics and the kinetics, of reversible polymerizations on templates (in the case wherein these are catalyzed by exoenzymes) to helix-coil transitions (in the case where these proceed only from one end of each macromolecular chain) is presented. A suggestion, based on this analogy, is made concerning the possible nature of biological control of synthesis of macromolecules (enzyme induction and repression). The equations governing the kinetics of these one-dimensional cooperative processes are presented and their solutions discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1966.360040103
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