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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification in the pharmacokinetics of amikacin during development (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 23 (1982), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: amikacin ; pharmacokinetics ; development ; neonate ; infant ; child
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition kinetics of a single i.v. dose of amikacin was studied in 6 neonates (6–25 days old), 10 infants (4–18 months) and 8 young children (3–11 years). There was a progressive change in the distribution and elimination kinetics during development. The distribution coefficient of the antibiotic averaged of 0.429, 0.320 and 0.210 l/kg in the newborns, infants and young children, respectively and serum half-life (t1/2 β) in these three groups averaged 2.812, 1.803 and 1.196 h, respectively. Significant differences in certain pharmacokinetic parameters were found between the values in paediatric patients and in adults receiving the same dose. A linear relationship was established between the distribution volume of the antibiotic and the weight of the patients, as defined by the following equation: $${\text{Vd}}_{{\text{ss}}} \left( 1 \right) = 0.976 + 1.140 \cdot {\text{TBW}}\left( {{\text{kg}}} \right);r = 0.954$$ The results suggest that a regimen of very frequent administrations should be employed in infants and young children in order to maintain a therapeutic level throughout treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00545971
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the microporosity in pillared clays (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 10 (1994), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00013a043
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relation of kidney size to kidney function in early insulin-dependent diabetes (1981)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 363-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin-dependent diabetes ; kidney size ; glomerular filtration rate ; renal plasma flow ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Renal function and renal size have been studied in ten early insulin-dependent diabetic patients and in ten matched control subjects. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and radiological kidney size were determined in each subject. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were increased in diabetics (mean ± SD: 169.6± 16.1 and 690.1±52.6ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively) compared with controls (120.6±9.7 and 605.9±67.2 ml/min/1.73m2; p 〈 0.001 and p 〈0.01). Calculated kidney weight corrected to 1.73 m2 of body surface area was elevated in diabetics (385.2±29.0 g) with respect to controls (277.5±17.5 g; p 〈0.001). No significant differences were found between diabetics and control subjects when glomerular filtration rate was expressed per gram calculated kidney weight, while renal plasma flow was significantly lower in diabetics than control subjects when so expressed (p 〈0.01). A positive correlation was found between glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow and kidney size in both controls and diabetics (p 〈 0.01 in all cases). These findings support the conclusion that in the early state of diabetes glomerular hyperfunction is related to enlargement of the kidneys and augmented renal plasma flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252682
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geoid determination in central Spain from gravity and height data (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of geodesy 67 (1993), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1394
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Summary The least-squares collocation method has been used for the computation of a geoid solution in central Spain, combining a geopotential model complete to degree and order 360, gravity anomalies and topographic information. The area has been divided in two 1°× 1° blocks and predictions have been done in each block with gravity data spacing about 5′ × 5′ within each block, extended 1/2°. Topographic effects have been calculated from 6″ × 9″ heights using an RTM reduction with a reference terrain model of 30′ × 30′ mean heights.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807296
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin in patients with normal or impaired renal function (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefoxitin ; renal impairment ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin have been determined after a single i.v. injection of 15 mg/kg body weight in 10 patients with normal renal function and 20 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. The kinetics of the antibiotic followed an open two-compartment model. In patients with normal renal function the following pharmacokinetic parameters were found: $$\begin{gathered} \begin{array}{*{20}c} {\alpha = 8.66 h^{ - 1} } & {\beta = 1.21 h^{ - 1} } & {K_{12} = 3.47 h^{ - 1} } \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {K_{21} = 3.17 h^{ - 1} } & {K_{13} = 3.15 h^{ - 1} } & {V_c = 4.24 l.} \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \begin{array}{*{20}c} {V_p = 4.87 l.} & { Vd_{ss} = 9.11 l.} \\ \end{array} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}$$ In the patients with renal impairment there was a significant decrease in $$\mathop \alpha \limits_, \mathop \beta \limits_, $$ K12, K21 and K13, and an increase in the apparent volume of distribution. The degree of plasma protein binding in patients with normal renal function was 73.6% and this was diminished in patients with renal impairment. A linear relationship between K13 of cefoxitin and creatinine clearance was demonstrated. The dosage regimen for patients with renal impairment should be adjusted by modifying the dosage interval whilst maintaining the amount administered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disposition of dibekacin in patients undergoing haemodialysis (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dibekacin ; renal failure ; dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; microbiological assay ; dosage regimen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of Dibekacin were studied in 10 patients with terminal renal impairment (creatinine clearance 〈5 ml/min) undergoing haemodialysis sessions lasting 4 h. The dialyzers were either the Gambro Lundia Major 13.5 or the Ultra Flo II 1.4., and the patients were divided into two groups according to the dialyzer used. Blood flow varied between 250 and 280 ml/min and dialyzate flow between 450 and 600 ml/min. All patients received a single i. v. dose of Dibekacin 1.5 mg/kg at the beginning of the dialysis session. The concentration of the antibiotic at the input and the output of the dialyzer were determined microbiologically by a plate diffusion method usingB. subtilis as the test organism. The intravenously administered antibiotic followed an open two-compartment kinetic model. The type of dialyzer used did not influence the dialysis of Dibekacin. Haemodialysis significantly increased the elimination rate of the antibiotic with respect to the interdialysis periods. The plasma half-life in the slow disposition phase fell from 30 h in the interdialysis period to 4.0 h during dialysis sessions. From the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, a dosage regimen for this kind of patient is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561393
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of uremia on the accessibility of phosphomycin into interstitial tissue fluid (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: phosphomycin ; pharmacokinetics ; impaired renal function ; “skin blister” ; interstitial fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The entry and persistence of phosphomycin in interstitial tissue fluid (ITF) were studied in 9 patients with normal renal function and 8 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment, all of whom received a single i.v. dose of 30 mg/kg. ITF was obtained from skin blisters produced by suction. The antibiotic followed a two-compartment open kinetic model. In patients with normal renal function, phosphomycin is incorporated rapidly into the ITF reaching a level of 60.4 µg/ml 60 min after administration. There was no statistically significant difference between the elimination rates from serum and ITF. The serum half-life of the slow disposition phase was 1.75 h in patients with normal renal function. There was a linear correlation between the elimination half-life of phosphomycin in serum and ITF in subjects with differing degrees of renal impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01037944
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population pharmacokinetics of imipramine in children (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Imipramine ; Paediatrics ; population pharmacokinetics ; enuresis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The population pharmacokinetics of imipramine (IMI) and its active metabolite desipramine (DMI) have been evaluated using 177 IMI and DMI serum levels from 49 enuretic children (6–13 y) on IMI treatment. Standard two stage (STS) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods were used to estimate fixed and random effect parameters of IMI. Simultaneous estimation of the drug and metabolite parameters was carried out by the STS method. The mean value of the elimination constant of the drug and metabolite were 0.0425 h−1 and 0.0359, h−1 respectively. Significantly higher variability was found in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the metabolite. According to these estimated pharmacokinetic parameters, the recommended dose for enuretic children should be 1.7 mg · kg−1 · day−. The population pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in the study permit dosage individualisation using a bayesian algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280761
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile in patients undergoing haemodialysis (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 16 (1979), S. 49-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cephacetrile ; haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile were studied after its administration as a single i.v. bolus injection of 15 mg/kg body weight to 11 patients with terminal renal inpairment undergoing haemodialysis for 6 h. A two-compartment kinetic model was used to describe the biphasic decrease in plasma concentration. The quantities of antibiotic in the central and peripheral compartments, and the amounts eliminated, were calculated for different times. During haemodialysis sessions, the average pharmacokinetic parameters of cephacetrile determined at the dialyser input were: α=5.03 h−1,β=0.458 h−1, K12=2.337 h−1, K21=1.996 h−1 K13=1.154 h−1, Vc=5.508 l, Vp=6.448 l, Vdss=11.956 l. As a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cephacetrile, a regimen of multiple doses was established for patients with terminal renal impairment, which will guarantee safe and effective concentrations of the antibiotic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644966
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of cefroxadine (CGP-9000) from patients undergoing dialysis (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 24 (1983), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cefroxadine ; haemodialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; terminal renal impairment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of cefroxadine was studied in 17 patients with terminal renal impairment, 10 of whom were undergoing 5 h dialysis sessions. The antibiotic was administered as a single oral dose of 500 mg. Cefroxadine followed a single compartment open kinetic model. During the interdialysis period in patients with terminal renal impairment, an average Cmax of 26.59 µg/ml and a tmax of 3.65 h were reached, which are greater than in patients with normal renal function. The serum half-life was reduced from 23.55 h in the interdialysis periods to 3.40 h during the dialysis sessions. The average extraction coefficient was 0.249. It is recommended that a 500 mg dose cefroxadine should be administered at the end of each dialysis session if the interdialysis period is 48 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613936
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