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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): Mutagens ; Ames test ; cytochrome P-450 ; detoxification enzymes ; metabolic activation ; aquatic ecosystems
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Extracts from tissues of a wide range of aquatic organisms (plants, plankton, decapods, molluscs, fish, Baikal seals, and fish-eating birds and their eggs) from Lake Baikal and from the Selenga River estuary and tissue extracts of birds breeding on Hornoya Island (northern Norway) were assayed for mutagenicity using the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. The activities of cytochrome P-450 and the enzymes of phase II of detoxification were also studied in the liver of fish and birds. Evidence was found for the accumulation of mutagens in the food chain. The relationship of bioaccumulation to the levels of enzyme activities possessing both detoxification and activation functions is discussed in the cases of fish and birds. The accumulation of mutagens was found to depend on the activity and the level of induction of the enzymes providing the detoxification and metabolic activation in the livers of fish and birds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 183 (1981), S. 553-556 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The topological linking numbers in closed superhelical loops of nuclear DNA were measured as the density of DNA topological turns (‘titratable superhelical turns’) per unit length of DNA by means of sedimentation of superhelical DNA (in nucleoids) in gradients of 15–30% sucrose containing 1.95 M NaCl and various concentrations of ethidium bromide. In four malignantly transformed Syrian hamster cell lines (three SV40-transformed and one spontaneous) the density of DNA topological turns was equal to or higher than the density of DNA topological. turns in early passage embryonal Syrian hamster cells (|δ|≧0.076) and, in contrast to normal cells, the malignant ones did not decrease the density of their DNA topological turns upon cultivation. It is proposed that the persistence of high densities of DNA topological turns in malignant cells is responsible for activation of transcription of a number of genes during malignant transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 421-424 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Schlagwort(e): Double-strand break ; Plasmid DNA repair ; Yeast transformation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We studied the repair of double-strand breaks (DSB) in plasmid DNA introduced into haploid cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficiency of repair was estimated from the frequency of transformation of the cells by an autonomously replicated linearized plasmid. The frequency of “lithium” transformation of Rad+ cells was increased greatly (by 1 order of magnitude and more) compared with that for circular DNA if the plasmid was initially linearized at the XhoI site within the LYS2 gene. This effect is due to recombinational repair of the plasmid DNA. Mutations rad52, rad53, rad54 and rad57 suppress the repair of DSB in plasmid DNA. The kinetics of DSB repair in plasmid DNA are biphasic: the first phase is completed within 1 h and the second within 14–18 h of incubating cells on selective medium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 178 (1980), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Murine erythroleukemia cells were induced to undergo erythroid differentiation by growing in presence of dimethylsulfoxide, butyric acid or actinomycin D. Topological linking numbers in closed loops of nuclear DNA were measured by means of centrifugation of nucleoids containing superhelical DNA in sucrose gradients containing varying concentrations of ethidium bromide. All cells were grown to G1 stage of the cell cycle. It was found that the mean density of the DNA topological linking number decreases from 0.076 turns per 10 nucleotide pairs in non-differentiated cells to 0.062 turns in the cells induced to differentiate. This decrease in topological linking number of DNA loops is quite sufficient for the change in the DNA double helix secondary structure which in turn may be responsible for coordinate switch in transcription of genes which control cellular differentiation (Luchnik, 1980a, b).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 5 (1989), S. 131-139 
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Schlagwort(e): Yeast ; γ-irradiation ; post-irradiation recovery ; radiosensitive mutants ; DNA double-strand break repair ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: G1 cells of the diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to be capable of a slow repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) during holding the cells in a non-nutrient medium (Luchnik et al., 1977; Frankenberg-Schwager et al., 1980). In the present paper, S. cerevisiae cells γ-irradiated in the G1 phase of the cell cycle are shown to be capable of fast repair of DNA DSB; this process is completed within 30-40 min, of holding the cells in water at 28°C. For this reason, the kinetics of DNA DSB repair during holding the cells in a non-nutrient medium are biphasic, i.e., the first ‘fast’ phase is completed within 30-40 min, whereas the second, ‘slow’ phase is completed within 48 h. Mututions rad51, rad52, rad54 and rad55 inhibit the fast repair of DNA DSB, whereas mutations rad50, rad53 and rad57 do not significantly influence this process.It has been shown that the observed fast and slow repair of DNA DSB in the G1 diploid cells of S. cerevisiae are separate pathways of DNA DSB repair in yeast.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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