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  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Experiments reported in this paper pursued an explanation of X-ray small angle scattering of drawn polymers in terms of morphological structures being observed in the electron microscope. After appropriate treatment electron micrographs can be used as optical lattices for light scattering experiments. Diffraction patterns obtained in this manner show an intensity distribution which agrees quite well with that measured by X-rays. The striations observed electron-microscopically on the surface of various drawn polymers (PE, OPM, and PET) may explain the small angle X-ray pattern with respect to both long spacing and intensity distribution. So the surface structure observed by means of electron microscope is representative of the complete bulk sample.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird über Versuche berichtet, die Ergebnisse der Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung an verstreckten Hochpolymeren mit Hilfe von elektronenmikroskopisch beobachtbaren Strukturen zu deuten. Geeignet behandelte elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen lassen sich als optische Gitter für Lichtbeugungsversuche verwenden. Die daran erhaltenen Lichtbeugungsdiagramme zeigen eine Intensitätsverteilung, die mit der röntgenographisch gemessenen gut übereinstimmt. Es ließ sich zeigen, daß die elektronenmikroskopisch an verschiedenen verstreckten Hochpolymeren (Polyäthylen, Polyoxymethylen und Polyäthylenterephthalat) gefundenen periodischen Querstrukturen nicht nur ihrem mittleren Abstand nach mit der röntgenographisch gefundenen Langperiode übereinstimmen, sondern daß sie auch die Intensitätsverteilung im Röntgenkleinwinkeldiagramm verständlich machen. Hieraus kann man den Schluß ziehen, daß die elektronenmikroskopisch beobachtete Oberflächenstruktur auch für das Innere massiver Proben als repräsentativ angesehen werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 7 (1969), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The well known procedure of determining the degree of crystallinity by means of measuring the density presupposes the knowledge of both the densities ρc and ρa of the crystalline and of the noncrystalline regions. By combination of small-angle and wide-angle x-ray scattering and of density measurements it can be shown that this method is not justified in the case of drawn polyethylene if the values of ρc and ρa known from isotropic material are used. Both ρc and ρa depend considerably on annealing and drawing conditions. In addition the effective density ρc* of the more densely packed phase in a two-phase structure is much lower than the value ρc calculated from the positions of the x-ray reflections due to a large number of lattice defects. This conclusion is based on the results of three independent sets of experiments: determination of the mean-square fluctuation of density 〈η2〉 by means of x-ray small-angle scattering; x-ray wide-angle measurements of the positions of the crystal reflections and of the halo arising from the noncrystalline regions; and comparison of densities and long periods of samples treated at various annealing temperatures.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 79 (1967), S. 417-418 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 5 (1967), S. 619-624 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 5 (1967), S. 711-713 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 7 (1969), S. 307-311 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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