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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomeric specificity of D-xylose isomerase (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 31 (1992), S. 12211-12218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00163a034
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct determination of metallic elements in solid, powder samples with electrically vaporized thin film atomic emission spectrometry (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 54 (1982), S. 2179-2186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00250a011
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Étude expérimentale de l'hygrotaxie chez le Termite de Saintonge (Reticulitermes lucifugus Santonensis) (1973)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 20 (1973), S. 71-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Most works upon Termites hygrotactic reactions studied the effect of air humidity; this paper deals with water into the substrate as an attractive factor in Saintonge Termite. When water is presented to termites into plaster bars following a continuous pattern, no hygropreferendum gradient can be detected; termites seek to cluster in maximal humidity zone. The reaction is faster at higher temperature. When water is presented following a discontinuous pattern (separate plaster bars) termites prefer always maximum humidity. They are very able to discriminate humidities slightly different only. They avoid saturation hygrometry when a slightly inferior humidity is presented close to. This hygropreferendum is as clearly seen in the case of neutral substrates (plaster) than in the case of attractive ones (pieces of wood). Termites number play an important role in hygrotactic reaction. An isolated worker can choose maximal hygrometry but the more the Termites group is big, the more hygrotactic reaction is intense. It is more intense when water is into the substrate than into the air. Termites do not go directly towards wet zones, but try first all the possibilities following a chance schedule.
    Notes: Résumé Alors que la plupart des travaux sur la réaction hygrotaxique des Termites ont étudié l'effet de l'humidité de l'air, le présent travail est consacré à l'étude de l'eau du substrat, comme facteur attractif chez le Termite de Saintonge. Quand l'eau est présentée aux Termites sur des barres de plâtre en quantité croissante continue, aucun gradient pour l'hygropreferendum n'est mis en évidence: les Termites tendent à se grouper dans la zone d'humidité maximale. La réaction est plus rapide à température plus élevée. Quand l'eau est répartie de façon discontinue sur des morceaux de plâtre, les Termites manifestent toujours une préférence pour l'humidité maximale. Les Termites peuvent très bien discriminer des humidités peu différentes entre elles. Ils évitent de se fixer à l'humidité la plus grande lorsqu'on leur présente à proximité une humidité légèrement inférieure à cette dernière. Cet hygropreferendum est aussi bien marqué pour les substrats neutres (plâtre) que pour les bois attractifs. Le nombre de Termites joue un rôle important dans la réaction hygrotaxique. Un termite isolé peut choisir l'humidité maximale, mais plus le groupe est important plus la réaction hygrotaxique est intense. La réaction hygrotaxique est plus intense si l'eau est présentée sur le substrat que si elle parvient par l'atmosphère. Les Termites ne vont pas directement dans les zones humides mais essaient, avant, toutes les possibilités offertes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223562
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A stochastic afterhyperpolarization model of repetitive activity in vestibular afferents (1986)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 54 (1986), S. 41-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A stochastic version of Kernell's (1968, 1972) model with cumulative afterhyperpolarization (AHP) was simulated. A characteristic of the model is that the AHP is the result of an increased potassium conductance (g K) that is time-dependent but not voltage-dependent. Quantal synaptic inputs are assumed to be the only source of interspike interval variability. The model reproduces many features of the steady-state discharge of peripheral vestibular afferents, provided that firing rates are higher than 40 spikes/s. Among the results accounted for are the interspike interval statistics occurring during natural stimulation, their alteration by externally applied galvanic currents and the increase in the interspike interval following an interposed shock. Empirical studies show that some vestibular afferents have a regular spacing of action potentials, others an irregular spacing (Goldberg and Fernández 1971b; Fernández and Goldberg 1976). Irregularly discharging afferents have a higher sensitivity to externally applied galvanic currents than do regular afferents (Goldberg et al. 1984). To explain the relation between galvanic sensitivity and discharge regularity requires the assumption that neurons differ in both their synaptic noise (σv) and the slopes of their postspike voltage trajectories (dμ v/dt). The more irregular the neuron's discharge at a given firing frequency, the greater is σv and the smaller is dμ v/dt. Of the two factors, dμ v/dt is estimated to be four times more influential in determining discharge regularity across the afferent population. The shortcomings of the model are considered, as are possible remedies. Our conclusions are compared to previous discussions of mechanisms responsible for differences in the discharge regularity of vestibular afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337114
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eye movements and vestibular-nerve responses produced in the squirrel monkey by rotations about an earth-horizontal axis (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 46 (1982), S. 393-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Nystagmus ; Earth-horizontal axis rotations ; Vestibular-nerve afferents ; Squirrel monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The eye movements produced by constant-speed rotations about an earth-horizontal axis (EHA) are similar in the alert squirrel monkey to those observed in other species. During EHA rotations, there are persistent eye movements, including a nonreversing nystagmus at lower rotation speeds and either a direction-reversing nystagmus or sinusoidal eye movements at higher rotation speeds. Horizontal eye movements are produced by “barbecuespit” (yaw) rotations, vertical eye movements by “head-over-heels” (pitch) rotations. The responses can be viewed as composed of a bias component, reflected in the nonreversing nature of the nystagmus, and a cyclic component, reflected in the periodic modulation of slow-phase eye velocity as head position varies. Vestibular-nerve recordings in the barbiturate-anesthetized monkey indicate that neither semicircular-canal nor otolith afferents give rise to a directionally specific dc signal which can account for the bias component. Apparently the appropriate dc signal has to be constructed centrally from a sinusoidal or ac peripheral input. The otolith organs are a likely source of this peripheral input, although contributions from the semicircular canals and from somatosensory receptors must also be considered. Our results suggest that the directional information required to distinguish rotation direction, rather than being contained in the discharge of individual otolith afferents, is encoded across a population of afferents. Possible sources of such information are the phase differences in the sinusoidal responses of otolith afferents differing in their functional polarization vectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238634
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afferent diversity and the organization of central vestibular pathways (2000)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 130 (2000), S. 277-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Vestibular nerve ; Central vestibular pathways ; Discharge regularity ; Sensory processing ; Information theory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This review considers whether the vestibular system includes separate populations of sensory axons innervating individual organs and giving rise to distinct central pathways. There is a variability in the discharge properties of afferents supplying each organ. Discharge regularity provides a marker for this diversity since fibers which differ in this way also differ in many other properties. Postspike recovery of excitability determines the discharge regularity of an afferent and its sensitivity to depolarizing inputs. Sensitivity is small in regularly discharging afferents and large in irregularly discharging afferents. The enhanced sensitivity of irregular fibers explains their larger responses to sensory inputs, to efferent activation, and to externally applied galvanic currents, but not their distinctive response dynamics. Morphophysiological studies show that regular and irregular afferents innervate overlapping regions of the vestibular nuclei. Intracellular recordings of EPSPs reveal that some secondary vestibular neurons receive a restricted input from regular or irregular afferents, but that most such neurons receive a mixed input from both kinds of afferents. Anodal currents delivered to the labyrinth can result in a selective and reversible silencing of irregular afferents. Such a functional ablation can provide estimates of the relative contributions of regular and irregular inputs to a central neuron’s discharge. From such estimates it is concluded that secondary neurons need not resemble their afferent inputs in discharge regularity or response dynamics. Several suggestions are made as to the potentially distinctive contributions made by regular and irregular afferents: (1) Reflecting their response dynamics, regular and irregular afferents could compensate for differences in the dynamic loads of various reflexes or of individual reflexes in different parts of their frequency range; (2) The gating of irregular inputs to secondary VOR neurons could modify the operation of reflexes under varying behavioral circumstances; (3) Two-dimensional sensitivity can arise from the convergence onto secondary neurons of otolith inputs differing in their directional properties and response dynamics; (4) Calyx afferents have relatively low gains when compared with irregular dimorphic afferents. This could serve to expand the stimulus range over which the response of calyx afferents remains linear, while at the same time preserving the other features peculiar to irregular afferents. Among those features are phasic response dynamics and large responses to efferent activation; (5) Because of the convergence of several afferents onto each secondary neuron, information transmission to the latter depends on the gain of individual afferents, but not on their discharge regularity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050033
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evoked cerebral responses to noxious thermal stimuli in humans (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 25 (1976), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Evoked responses ; Pain ; Laser
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Brief pulses of Laser emitted radiant heat were used to induce cutaneous painful sensations in human volunteers. Accurate timing of the stimuli permitted recording of scalp averaged evoked potentials. A late negative-positive component of the EP which correlated in amplitude with the subjective sensation was abserved in four subjects. The latency of this component (130–160 msec) correlated with stimulus intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic properties of vestibular reflexes in the decerebrate cat (1982)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 47 (1982), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Vestibular reflexes ; Vestibulocollic ; Vestibulo-ocular ; Transfer function ; Medial longitudinal fasciculus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vestibulocollic (VCR) and vestibulo-ocular (VOR) reflexes were studied during angular rotation in the horizontal plane in precollicular decerebrate cats. Angular position was modulated by sinusoids or sums of sinusoids with frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 5 Hz. Reflex motor output was measured by recording electromyographic (EMG) activity of the lateral rectus and dorsal neck muscles and discharge of abducens motoneurons. Measured with respect to input angular acceleration VCR motor output displayed a second order lag at low frequencies, bringing mean EMG phase (−136 °) and gain slope (−35 dB/ decade) close to those of an angular position signal at 0.2 Hz. At higher frequencies the lag was counteracted by a second order lead bringing mean phase (−52 °) and gain slope (−5.6 dB/decade) back close to those of an angular acceleration signal at 3 Hz. By contrast, mean phase (−113 ° to −105 °) and gain slope (−21 to −28 dB/decade) of the VOR motor output remained close to those of an angular velocity signal across the entire frequency range. The data suggest that neural pathways producing the VCR receive selective input from “irregular type” horizontal semicircular canal afferents which provide one lag and one lead in the overall transfer function while the other lag and lead are produced by central pathways. Transaction of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), which eliminates all of the most direct (three neuron) arcs of the horizontal VCR, did not cause any detectable change in the horizontal VCR at either low or high frequencies. Reductions in overall gain occurred in some cases but these could be attributed to damage to axons outside the MLF. Less direct pathways, probably including vestibulo-reticulospinal pathways, are thus able to produce both the low-frequency, phase-lagging and high-frequency, phase-leading components of the horizontal VCR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239353
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of the reactions K^-nY^*^- (1385) + vector meson at 3 GeV/c
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section B 29 (1971), S. 557-574 
    Details
    ISSN: 0550-3213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0550-3213(71)90043-5
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cognitive self-control factors in the reduction of smoking behavior
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Behavior Therapy 9 (1978), S. 553-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-7894
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(78)80128-2
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