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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of pectic substances in carrots by heat treatment (1988)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 36 (1988), S. 362-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00080a030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulative Systems in the Developing Citrus Fruit I. The Hormonal Balance in Orange Fruit Tissues (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 23 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The regulative systems of auxins, gibberellin-like substances and their inhibitors in citrus fruit were studied. Masking caused by a high content of inhibitors was eliminated by using a refined method of solvent partition. Considerable amounts of auxins and gibberellin-like substances were detected in all stages of fruit development. The auxin system of the citrus fruit is highly complex and consists of various elements which undergo dynamic changes throughout the growth period. The identity of the auxins was studied using IAA-2-14C, and 88% of the radioactivity specifically migrated into the etheric pH 6.0 fraction. Although the prominent zones of promotion do not coincide with IAA, it can be concluded that the auxin promoters are probably not the “citrus auxin”. Abscisic acid-like inhibitors were found to accumulate in the external layers of the fruit, increasing in content as time advances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1970.tb06491.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction of Auxin and of Other Growth Regulators from Citrus Steins by Centrifugal Force (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 21 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method is described whereby diffusible native growth substances are forcibly extracted by centrifugation. Centrifugates are relatively pure, highly active when tested for auxins and gibberellins, and contain far less inhibitors than solvent extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1968.tb07298.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the cost of flowering in a grapefruit tree (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The objective of the present study is to evaluate a Citrus tree's investment in the flowering process in relation to its photoassimilate resources, as a part of its annual reproductive effort. The overall requirement for carbohydrate of a single flower of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf. cv. ‘Marsh seedless’) is evaluated as 8·33 × 10–3 mol C over 3 weeks. The direct cost of production of a single flower is estimated to be 5·75 × 10–3 mol C, most of which is allocated to the petals, anthers and style — organs designated to abscise. About 2·58 × 10–3 mol C is consumed by respiration not associated with growth processes. Growth respiration (Rg) occurs mostly during early stages of flower growth and development. However, the total respiration rate increases sharply during anthesis, when growth processes have almost ceased. Ethylene evolution also reaches remarkably high rates during anthesis. High temperatures increase the rate of flower respiration (Q10 = 2·12) but shorten the duration of flowering. A grapefruit tree may bear each year 20 000–50 000 flowers, only 0·5–2·5% of which develop into mature fruit. The amount of carbohydrate invested each year in bloom at the whole-tree level is 166–400 mol C per tree (depending on the number of flowers), amounting to 10–20% of the carbohydrate consumed for fruit growth. The overall daily demand for carbohydrate by the flowers of a grapefruit tree during anthesis may exceed the daily carbohydrate production by the leaves. High temperatures lead to a further increase in the daily demand for carbohydrate. In such cases, the management of flowering must rely on carbohydrate reserves recruited from other tree organs. The ecophysiological and evolutionary aspects of Citrus flowering are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00267.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormonal control of colour changes in orange peel (1969)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 209-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Des quantités très faibles d'acide gibbérellique (6×10−4 μg/cm2) produisent pendant plusieurs semaines une inhibition de la coloration naturelle de la peau d'oranges vertes détachées. Des résultats semblables ont été obtenus avec une cytokinine. L'inhibition produite par la gibbérelline peut être levée par l'éthylène. On propose que la synthèse des pigments dans le chromochloroplaste soit réglée par un contrôle hormonal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01899129
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citrus Petal Bioassay based on the Indolyl-3-acetic Acid Effect on Flower Opening (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 1064-1065 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Citrus petals, like most petals, show very rapid growth reactions during flower opening. These reactions are enhanced by increases in temperature. Opening of the flowers is associated with differential growth processes which cause the ventral side of the petal to grow more than the dorsal side2. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2121064a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The IAA-oxidase system of citrus roots (1966)
    Springer
    Planta 72 (1966), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The activity of indoleacetic acid oxidase in citrus plants (roots of mature trees and roots and stems of seedlings) was demonstrated. The interrelationships between 2,4-dichlorophenol, Mn++ and the enzymatic activity were examined. The presence of Mn++ was not found necessary, even in dialyzed enzyme reaction mixtures. However, Mn++ promoted the enzymatic activity at the very high concentration of 10-1M. The inhibitory effect induced by excessive amounts of 2,4-dichlorophenol (10-3 M) was removed in the presence of Mn++. The enzyme showed a specificity to IAA as compared with other synthetic auxins in a wheat coleoptile bioassay. Moreover, the enzyme acted selectively on some endogenous auxins found in citrus tissues. The existence of endogenous inhibitors in stems and cofactors in roots was also demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386747
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorophyllase activity in chlorophyll-free citrus chromoplasts (1983)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 2 (1983), S. 117-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chromoplast fractions from mature, chlorophyll-less ‘Valencia’ orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) flavedo (= the outer coloured layer of citrus peel) showed considerable chlorophyllase activity. Acetone powders prepared from chromoplast fractions had 2.5× higher specific activity than those prepared from whole flavedo. Exposure of mature, chlorophyll-less fruit to ethylene caused a 2.5 to 4.0 fold increase in chlorophyllase activity. Juice chromoplasts showed negligible chlorophyllase activity. The results suggest that chlorophyllase activity as well as its induction by ethylene are not dependent upon the presence of chlorophyll in the tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269332
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing the role of endogenous ethylene in the degreening of citrus fruit with ethylene antagonists (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 12 (1993), S. 325-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: ethylene ; chlorophyll ; 2,5-norbornadiene ; silver nitrate ; citrus fruit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The ethylene antagonists, 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD) and silver nitrate, were used to probe the involvement of endogenous ethylene in the natural degreening of citrus fruit. Mature-green, detached ‘Shamouti’ orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) fruit were treated with NBD vapor or dipped in solutions of silver nitrate. More than 80% of the chlorophyll was lost from control fruit after 8 days. NBD (0.11 mmole/liter) inhibited the loss of chlorophyll by 60%. NBD also antagonized the degreening induced by exogenous ethylene by 50%. Silver nitrate (0.1 mM) inhibited the loss of chlorophyll by 55%. Ethylene evolution of mature, green detached fruit was 〈2 nl.fruit-1.h-1 (ca. 13.5 nl.Kg-1FW.h-1) and did not change significantly for 7 days after harvest. NBD concentrations up to 0.22 mmole/liter did not enhance ethylene evolution. Not with-standing the extremely low amounts of ethylene evolved, the inhibition of degreening by NBD and silver nitrate suggests that endogenous ethylene is involved in the control of this process in mature citrus fruit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027214
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of 14C-gibberellin A3 on the surface of Citrus fruit peel and on inert glass surfaces (1990)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 9 (1990), S. 215-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: gibberellin A3 ; Citrus paradisi ; fruit surface ; uptake ; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The persistence of gibberellin A3 on plant surfaces was examined using fruit of ‘Marsh’ seedless grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) and an inert glass model system. 14C-gibberellin A3 was applied to surfaces in aqueous treatment solutions or in waxing solutions. Dried-out treatment residues were removed by washing and analyzed for total and GA3-like radioactivity. Gibberellin A3 persisted without significant loss for at least 7 d in aqueous treatment solutions (pH 4.0 or 6.2) but was less persistent in the pH 10.4 waxing solution (t1/2=7 d). Loss of total peel surface radioactivity was fast during the first 3 days, slowing down afterwards. After 14 days 73% of the initial radioactivity could still be recovered from fruit peel surface and 70% of the recovered radioactivity was still in the form of gibberellin A3. Gibberellin A3 was somewhat more persistent in residues from pH 4 than pH 7 treatment solutions. Light had a slight enhancing effect on gibberellin A3 decomposition on fruit peel under growth chamber conditions. After 12 d at 100% relative humidity, 88% of the radioactivity on glass surfaces was still in the form of gibberellin A3, as against 45% at a relative humidity of 50%. Simulated field conditions, combining daily fluctuations in light, temperature and relative humidity, markedly enhanced gibberellin A3 decomposition on glass surfaces (t1/2=2 d). Gibberellin A3 was very persistent (90% after 9 d) in the waxing residues on fruit peel surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00045284
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