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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 326-328 (Dec. 2006), p. 1059-1062 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In general, structural integrity of rolling stock structures should last more than 25 years.During the lifetime corrosive degradation occurs. For structural design and diagnosis, quantitativerelationship between corrosive degradation and variation of mechanical properties such as tensilestrength and fatigue strength is needed. In this study, electrochemical corrosion tests, atmosphericcorrosion tests and fatigue tests of corroded specimens were carried out. The electrochemicalcharacteristics of SS400, SM490A, SUS205L and SUS304 were examined. At regular intervalstensile and fatigue tests were carried out by using specimens of SM490A and SS400 on theatmospheric corrosion test bed. The fatigue strength decreases as the atmospheric corrosion periodincreases. In addition, the effect of heat treatment on the tensile and fatigue behavior was studied
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 580-582 (June 2008), p. 605-608 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Residual stresses play an important role in the mechanical behavior of steels and weldedstructures. To examine the effect of residual stresses on tensile behavior and fatigue, residualstresses in the specimens were generated by welding. Experimental stress-strain curves of thespecimens with/without residual stresses were obtained and compared to simulated curves obtainedby the finite element analysis. The two results are in a good agreement. Finally, to study therelaxation of the residual stresses during fatigue crack propagation, we carried out fatigue crackpropagation analysis by a 3-D cohesive zone model. Initial welding residual stresses decrease as thenumber of cycles increases
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 575-578 (Apr. 2008), p. 1461-1466 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Railcar wheels and axles belong to the most critical components in railway vehicles. Theservice conditions of railway vehicles have been more severe in recent years due to speed-up.Therefore, a more precise evaluation of railcar wheel life and safety has been requested. Wheel/railcontact fatigue and thermal cracks due to braking are two major mechanisms of the railcar wheelfailure. One of the main sources influencing on the contact zone failure is residual stress. Theresidual stress in wheels formed during heat treatment in manufacturing changes in the process ofbraking. Thus the fatigue life of railcar wheels should be estimated by considering both thermalstress and rolling contact. Also, the effect of residual stress variation due to manufacturing processand braking process should be included in simulating contact fatigue behavior. In this paper, anevaluation procedure for the contact fatigue life of railcar wheels considering the effects of residualstresses due to heat treatment, braking and repeated contact load is proposed. And the cyclic stressstrainhistory for fatigue analysis is simulated by finite element analysis for the moving contactload
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 321-323 (Oct. 2006), p. 649-653 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The majority of catastrophic wheel failures are caused by surface opening fatigue crackseither in the wheel tread or wheel flange areas. The inclined cracks at railway wheel tread are initiatedand the cracks are caused by wheel damage-spalling after 60,000 km running. Because the failuredrailway wheel is reprofiled before regular wheel reprofiling, the maintenance cost for the railwaywheel is increased. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the mechanism for introduction of crack. Inthe present paper, the combined effect on railway wheels of a periodically varying contact pressureand an intermittent thermal braking loading is investigated. To analyze damage cause for railwaywheels, the measurements for replica of wheel surface and effect of braking application in field testare carried out. The result shows that the surface cracks in railway wheel tread are due to combinationof thermal loading and ratcheting
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 321-323 (Oct. 2006), p. 20-23 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: NDT(Non-Destructive Testing) is useful for the defect detection of rolling stock becauseit can be used to detect defects in many invisible parts. In rolling stock one of the componentsvulnerable to damage is the axle. Fatigue cracks are initiated in press-fitted parts such as the wheeland brake disk seats of the axle. Those parts suffer from fretting fatigue damage. A precise andreliable NDT technique is necessary to detect cracks in the axle. But conventional induced currentpotential drop methods (ICPD) have some difficulties to detect such cracks in press-fitted parts ofaxles. In this study, we have introduced an induced current focusing potential drop method (ICFPD),a new concept that can be applied to the press-fitted parts of the axle. And we have measuredelectromagnetic properties of the wheelsets and performed finite element analysis for wheelsetswith defects. Results suggest that the method is very powerful and effective to detect defects
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 710-715 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Mechanical behavior and fracture process of weld specimens were analyzed by finite element method. Three-dimensional butt-weld specimen was modeled by two-dimensional approaches. Welding residual stress in the models was obtained by carrying out thermo-mechanical calculation. To take into account straight boundary lines of real weld specimen, the finite element model was constructed by using an iterative method. Cohesive zone method was applied to analyze fatigue behavior of the models
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 108-114 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the shrink or press-fitted shafts such as railway axles, fretting can occur by cyclic stress and micro-slippage due to local movement between shaft and boss. When the fretting occurs in the press-fitted shaft, the fatigue strength remarkably decreases compared with that of without fretting. In this paper fretting fatigue life of press-fitted specimens was evaluated using multiaxial fatigue criteria based on critical plane approaches. An elastic-plastic analysis of contact stresses in a press-fitted shaft in contact with a boss was conducted by finite element method and micro-slip due to the bending load was analyzed. The number of cycles of fretting fatigue and the crack orientation were compared with the experimental results obtained by rotating bending tests. It is found that the crack initiation of fretting fatigue between shaft and boss occurs at the contact edge and the normal stress on the criticalplane of contact interface was an important parameter for fretting fatigue crack initiation. Furthermore, the results indicated that a critical plane parameter could predict the orientation of crack initiation in the press-fitted shaft
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 297-300 (Nov. 2005), p. 115-121 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Railway wheels and axles belong to the most critical components in railway vehicles. The service conditions of railway vehicles became more severe in recent years due to the increase of speed. Therefore, a more precise evaluation of railway wheel life and safety has been requested. Wheel/rail contact fatigue and thermal cracks due to braking are two major mechanisms of the railway wheel failure. One of the main sources of the contact zone failure is the residual stress. The residual stress on wheel is formed during the manufacturing process which includes a heattreatment, and then, is changed in the process of braking which results in wheel/rail contact stress and thermal stress. In this paper, an evaluation procedure for the contact fatigue life of railway wheel including residual stress is proposed. Also, the cyclic stress history for fatigue analysis is simulated by applying finite element analysis for the moving contact load. As a result, a fatigue life estimation methodology is proposed for railway wheels which includes the effects of residualstresses due to heat treatment, braking and repeated contact load, respectively
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 183-187 (Apr. 2000), p. 1225-1230 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 261-263 (Apr. 2004), p. 1281-1286 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Bogie frames of electric cars play an important role as a structural member for the support of vehicle loading. To guarantee more than 25 years' durability, a lot of study has been carried out for the prediction of the fatigue life of the bogie frame in experimental and theoretical domains. One of the new methods being applied in recent years for rolling stock structures is a reliability-based approach. In this paper, using one of these methods, we estimate fatigue life of the bogie frame of an electric car, which was developed by the Korea Railroad Research Institute. First of all, we have carried out tensile fatigue tests with several types of specimens: as-welded, ground on weld toe, reinforcement-removed and post weld heat treated specimens for each type aforementioned. In addition, we perform the probabilistic distribution tests of the S-N curves for the ground specimens. Normal, lognormal and Weibull distributions are used to model the distributions. Along with the obtained S-N relations, we use two approaches to evaluate the fatigue life of the bogie frame. In the first approach probabilistic distribution of the S-N curve is used. The S-N curves are obtained in function of failure percent from the specimen tests. Then the fatigue life is estimated by use of Miner-Palmgren hypothesis. In the second approach, load spectra measured by strain gauges are approximated by a two variable Weibull distribution. And a limit state function for the criterion of failure is derived by use of Miner-Palmgren hypothesis. The fatigue life is evaluated by a reliability engineering method
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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