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  • 1
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Use of non-metallic materials for reducing corrosion damageThis paper discusses the application of non-metallic materials for corrosive working conditions. With regard to composite systems metal/non-metal many non-metallic materials nowadays have gained considerable importance. The paper concentrates on non-metallic coatings to protect metals against corrosion hazards. In particular, the groups of materials available, their properties, and the latest developments relating to coating processes are described in detail. It is demonstrated that composite structures have combined the properties of both groups of materials and thus opened up new possibilities for the future.
    Notes: Die Anwendung nichtmetallischer Werkstoffe bei einem Einsatz unter korrodierenden Betriebsbedingungen wird erörtert. Im Verbund mit metallischen Werkstoffen haben heute viele Nichtmetalle erhebliche Bedeutung erlangt. Besondere Beachtung im vorliegenden Bericht findet daher der Schutz von Metallen durch Nichtmetalle. Im einzelnen wird auf Werkstoffe, ihre Eigenschaften und auf den Stand der Technik bei ihrer Verarbeitung eingegangen. Hierbei wird gezeigt, daß Verbundsysteme dieser Art aufgrund der Kombination hervorragender Eigenschaften beider Systempartner neue Perspektiven für die Werkstoffauswahl eröffnet haben.
    Additional Material: 34 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 11 (1988), S. 359-365 
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the most important tasks to eliminate dangers in chemical plants is the prevention of corrosion. This implies the provision of safe enclosures and reaction spaces for the substances to be processed. The present contribution deals with the procedure in the selection of materials for equipment exposed to corrosion and stresses the difficulties connected with the elimination of local corrosion. The relevance of prevention of crack forming corrosion processes is emphasized. Problems to be solved in order to obtain results from investigations, suitable for a safe application of a materials under practical conditions, are indicated.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 665-666 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Thoughts on quality assurance in the construction of chemical plant. To be able to operate a chemical plant free of hazards and breakdowns, a wide variety of measures have to be taken to assure quality during planning, during construction and in operation. These measures are outlined with the aid of an example, namely a large reactor. Particular attention is paid to the individual building phases and the intermediate non-destructive tests. The paper also touches on quality planning, quality assurance in operation and the organization of quality systems. The example is intended to show that, however much quality documentation there may be, it cannot replace the willingness of the people involved to adopt a quality-conscious approach to their work and be responsible for the quality of their own workmanship. Educating the employees to think in terms of quality is an important aspect of quality assurance.
    Notes: Um eine Chemieanlage gefahr- und störungsfrei betreiben zu können, ist eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen zur Qualitätssi-cherung bei der Planung, während des Baus und im Betrieb notwendig. Anhand eines Beispiels, nämlich eines großen Reaktors, werden diese Maßnahmen geschildert. Dabei wird besonders auf die einzelnen Bauphasen und die zwischenge-schalteten zerstörungsfreien Prüfungen eingegangen, berührt werden aber auch die Qualitätsplanung, die Qualitätssiche-rung im Betrieb und die Organisation des Qualitätswesens. Das Beispiel soll zeigen, daß noch so viele Qualitätsdokumentationen die Bereitschaft der beteiligten Menschen, qualitäts-gerecht zu arbeiten und für die Güte der eigenen Leistungen einzustehen, nicht ersetzen können. Deshalb muß die Erziehung zum Qualitätsdenken eine wichtige Aufgabe der Qualitätssicherung sein.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Developments of metallic materials in view of their use for chemical plants. The demands placed on materials of construction for chemical plants are becoming more and more stringent due to the steady increase in mechanical, thermal, and chemical loading. Molten metallurgical improvements, alloying steps, new methods of plastic deformation and heat treatment, and facilitation of workability are implemented in attempts to optimize the properties of construction materials and to achieve better adaptation to the service conditions. Progress achieved by research and developments during recent years in the above mentioned field is apparent in practical applications of some groups of materials which are important for construction of apparatus; these are high-strength fine grained steels, high-alloyed ferritic and austenitic stainless steels, as well as duplex steels. Moreover, the improvements - especially in corrosion restistance - are considered which can be obtained by special melting techniques and new fabrication processes. In addition, the advantages of electroslag remelting (ESR) and powdermetallurgical fabrication of semi-finished products of corrosion resistant alloys and the possibilities of hotisostaticpressing (HIP) of structural components are discussed.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 57 (1985), S. 597-602 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Investigation of damage to organic materials in chemical apparatus engineering. There are many different possible causes for the failure of structural elements or of linings and coatings made of organic materials under such load conditions as those found in chemical plant. Despite the general suitability of the engineering plastics used, design and manufacturing defects are often the cause of premature failure. Installation faults are also found on occasion. Other sources of damage include the chemical and physical effects of media on organic materials. These are due in part to the unsuitability of the material used, the effect of corrosive components in the media involved often being either not recognized or underestimated; on the other hand, the damage may also be caused by inherent stresses in the structural elements in conjunction with the physical or chemical effects of the media, resulting in stress cracking or stress corrosion cracking. Damage cases of this type are described on the basis of numerous examples, the causes ascertained through intensive investigation of the damage and suitable remedies described.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 60 (1988), S. 604-612 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Special corrosion protection measures in fabrication of chemical equipment. An essential pre-condition for uninterrupted and safe operation of equipment is a proper selection of materials with regard to service conditions, design, and fabrication. In case of difficulties with the application of unprotected metallic materials suitable additional measures must be applied to ensure proper performance of the equipment. Basically, there are four types of measures. The material can be improved by modification of the composition or fabrication (e. g. powder metallurgical, remelt techniques, accurate welding); the material can be protected by the application of a duplex-system (lining, cladding, plating); the electrochemical performance of the metal can be influenced by superimposed currents (cathodic/ anodic protection); and last but not least a change in service conditions can meet the requirements for materials performance. To ensure satisfactory performance of protective measures, supervision of application, installation, and in-service behaviour is a must.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 60 (1988), S. 799-799 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Korrosion ; Sicherheit ; Chemieanlagen ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nickel-Chrom-Molybdän-Legierungen (z. B. Hastelloy C) zeigen an Schweißnähten und wärmebeEinflußten Zonen oft interkristalline Korrosion infolge Ausscheidung einer σ-Phase an den Korngrenzen. Diese könnte durch eine Wärmebehandlung bei 1220 °C und nachfolgender Abschreckung mit Wasser beseitigt werden, wenn sich dies technisch immer verwirklichen ließe. Durch Änderung der Legierungszusammensetzung wird diese Ausscheidungstendenz vermindert. So lassen sich silicium-freie Legierungen ohne Wärmebehandlung schweißen sowie einer Lösungsglühung mit Luftabkühlung ohne interkristalline Korrosion aussetzen.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Non-destructive testing in operation and maintenance of chemical plant. Non-destructive tests performed in chemical plant while it is in operation or standing idle are intended to give the plant operator the information on the state of the plant that is needed to ensure safety and availability. The scope of such tests and how often they are carried out depend on the condition of the plant and on the weaknesses that have been found in the course of time. The following are described as special examples of the versatile use of non-destructive test methods: (a) thermographic and ultrasonic checking of the condition of a rotary furnace; (b) observation of spherical ammonia containers to ensure early recognition of cracking; (c) detection of leaks in high pressure plant items having corrosion resistant linings; (d) metallography of structural element subjected to heavy loads for long periods at elevated temperatures; (e) wall thickness measurement of heat exchanger tubes; (f) on-site gamma radiation analysis of metallic materials with an portable RFA device.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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