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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concomitant immunocytochemical study of macrophage cells and blood vessels in disc herniation tissue (1994)
    Springer
    European spine journal 3 (1994), S. 336-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Disc herniation ; Macrophage ; Blood vessel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty disc herniations (DH) were studied immunocytochemically for macrophages and blood vessels. Serial thin frozen sections were immunostained with an antibody specific for tissue macrophages (monoclonal antibody to CD68 antigen) and the endothelium of blood vessels (polyclonal antibody to von Willebrand factor). With this method, blood vessels, often abundant, were observed in as many as 16/20 (80%) of the DH studied, 12 disc extrusions and 8 sequestrated discs, whereas abundant macrophages were noted in 11/20 (55%) of the DH. Macrophages were present only in areas with blood vessels and had presumably infiltrated the tissue from them. As has been noted previously, some blood vessels are apparently newly formed as a result of tissue injury, whereas others were present in the disc prior to herniation. This is suggested by the lack of a clear correlation between the presence or absence of blood vessels and the preoperative duration of radicular pain. In areas of the DH where cartilage fragments occurred, both macrophages and blood vessels were particularly abundant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02200147
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative immunohistochemical study of group II (synovial-type) and group IV (cytosolic) phospholipases A2 in disc prolapse tissue (1998)
    Springer
    European spine journal 7 (1998), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Disc prolapse ; Inflammation ; Phospholipases A2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) has been suggested to be present in herniated disc tissue and it could possibly be involved in sciatica/ discogenic back pain mechanisms. In the present study the occurrence of two different phospholipase A2 enzymes, (1) low molecular weight (14 kDa) group II synovial-type (sPLA2) and (2) high molecular weight (85 kDa) group IV cytosolic (cPLA2), were compared. Fifty-three disc prolapses obtained at disc operations were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, using anti-human monoclonal antibodies to sPLA2 and cPLA2, respectively. Only cell-associated (disc cells, hyaline cartilage chondrocytes) sPLA2 and cPLA2 immunoreactivity could be observed. The results showed that sPLA2 was more common (25/53, 47%) than cPLA2 (13/53, 25%). sPLA2 and cPLA2 were simultaneously present in 13 of 53 samples (25%). However, both PLA2 enzymes were predominantly present in hyaline cartilage cells (sPLA2: 16/53, cPLA2: 5/53), being less commonly observed in disc cells (sPLA2: 6/53, cPLA2: 3/53). In addition, three samples for sPLA2 and two samples for cPLA2 exhibited immunoreactivity in cartilage and disc cells simultaneously. sPLA2 was observed in no other locations, but in 3 of 53 samples cPLA2 was observed more diffusely in areas of granulation tissue, possibly in macrophages. No gender- or age-related dependence for either type of PLA2 enzyme immunoreactivity could be observed. Neither did their occurrence relate to clinical data such as straight leg raising or neurological deficit. The results do not support a major role for either of the two disc-cell-associated PLA2s in disc pathophysiology. For both enzymes, the major pool appears to reside in cartilage tissue cells, presumably in dislodged end-plate fragments. Disc cells are apparently unlikely candidates for major PLA2 storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005860050095
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in disc herniation tissue: an immunohistochemical study (1997)
    Springer
    European spine journal 6 (1997), S. 63-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Intervertebral disc ; Disc herniation ; Platelet-derived growth factor ; Vascular endothelial growth factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Angiogenesis is essential in tissue growth and regeneration. There are several factors that are able to stimulate vascular endothelial cell growth, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Disc herniation tissue (DHT) contains vascular ingrowth, which promotes granulation tissue formation. In this study we observed 50 disc herniations for PDGF and VEGF immunoreactivity. PDGF immunopositivity was detected in 38 samples (78%). In 28 samples (56%) there were PDGF immunopositive capillaries, PDGF immunopositive disc cells were detected in 19 samples (38%) and PDGF immunopositive fibroblasts in 6 DHT samples (12%). VEGF immunopositive capillaries were identified in 44 DHT samples (88%). For neither growth factor was immunopositivity dependent on preoperative radicular pain duration. In extrusions (n = 25) VEGF immunopositive capillaries were detected in 23 samples (92%) and PDGF immunopositivity in 21 samples (84%). PDGF immunopositivity was more commonly associated with capillaries than with nuclei of disc cells. In sequesters (n = 20) VEGF immunopositive capillaries were identified in all samples and PDGF immunopositivity in 16 (80%). As in extrusions, PDGF immunoreaction was more prevalent in capillaries than in disc cells. Patient age did not relate to VEGF expression. In all age groups it was higher than 80%. Thus capillaries in disc herniation tissue are evidently newly formed and our results demonstrate that PDGF and VEGF participate in the neovascularization process. The presence of PDGF in fibroblasts and in disc cells suggests that this growth factor regulates the function of these cells, possibly the proliferation of the cells and the production of extracellular matrix components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01676576
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural elements in the normal and experimentally injured porcine intervertebral disk (1994)
    Springer
    European spine journal 3 (1994), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Intervertebral disk ; Degeneration ; Injury ; Nerve ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary There is increasing evidence that back pain may originate from degenerated or damaged disks, even in the absence of disk herniation. For a study of the pattern of innervation in injured disks, the anterior part of the annulus fibrosus of a lumbar disk in 11 domestic pigs was incised with a scalpel through a retroperitoneal approach. The animals were killed 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, and 5 months postoperatively, and the whole anterior annulus of each injured disk and corresponding tissue from intact animals were excised. Cryostat sections 20 μm thick were cut from the surface downward, fixed, and stained with different antisera. Antisera to neurofilament triplet protein (R39), protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 and synaptophysin were used as general neural markers. Antiserum to substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were used to localize nerves mainly of the sensory type, and C flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (CPON) to visualize nerve fibers of the sympathetic type. It was observed that in the intact porcine disk, the outer and middle parts of the anterior annulus were innervated to a depth of 7 mm from the annular surface, but the innermost annular layers showed no immunoreactivity to any of the neural antibodies. Disk injury did not cause any major changes in the nerve topography of the wound area, even though there were granulation tissue and neovascularization in this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02190574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of dense-cored vesicles in glomus cells of rat carotid body after fixation with permanganate or glutaraldehyde (1978)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 57 (1978), S. 305-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomus (Type I) cells of the carotid body of adult rats were studied electron microscopically after fixation with potassium permanganate or with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Two permanganate fixation methods (using Krebs-Ringer-glucose, pH 7.0, or acetate buffer, pH 5.0) were compared. Numerous dense-cored vesicles were observed only in about one tenth of the glomus cells when neutral permanganate was used for fixation, although all glomus cells showed such vesicles after fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. Numerous vesicles with a dense core were observed in about one third of the cells after fixation with acid potassium permanganate. With this fixation, small dense-cored vesicles similar to those in adrenergic nerve terminals were occasionally seen in the cytoplasm of glomus cells. It is tentatively concluded that the amine-storing vesicles of the carotid body are different from those in the small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells and those in adrenergic nerve terminals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00492666
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Healing of experimental ligament rupture: Findings by scanning electron microscopy (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 102 (1984), S. 179-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 16 Ratten wurde das mediale Kollateralband der Kniegelenke durchtrennt. 16 Ligamente wurden der Spontanheilung überlassen. Die anderen 16 Bänder wurden unverzüglich unter dem Operationsmikroskop genäht. Vier scheinoperierte Ratten dienten zur Kontrolle. Die Ligamente von jeder Gruppe wurden nach einer Immobilisation von 4–5 Wochen im Raster-Elektronenmikroskop untersucht: Bei den Kontroll-Ligamenten wurden hauptsächlich Kollagen-Faserbündel von variablem Durchmesser gefunden. Zwischen den Faserbündeln lagen zahlreiche dünne Fibrillen. Die operativ wiederhergestellten Bänder zeigten ein mikroskopisches Bild, welches oft schwer von den Kontrollbildern zu unterscheiden war. Die nichtgenähten Bänder hingegen zeigten ein viel bunteres Bild. In einigen Fällen war die Ligamentheilung durch eine extensive Narbenbildung blockiert. Bei vielen nichtgenähten Bändern wurde jedoch auch eine beginnende Regeneration festgestellt. Die Untersuchung im Raster-Elektronenmikroskop hat sich für experimentelle Studien der Ligament-Heilung als sehr nützlich erwiesen.
    Notes: Summary The medial collateral ligaments of the knee joints of 16 rats were cut. Sixteen ligaments were allowed to heal spontaneously while the others were immediately sutured under the microscope. Four sham-operated immobilized rats served as controls. The ligamentous healing was registered after 4–5 weeks of immobilization under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the control ligaments, collagen bundles of variable thickness were observed as the main supporting elements. Numerous thin fibers were seen between the bundles. The surgically corrected ligaments showed a microstructural picture often difficult to distinguish from the controls. The unsutured ligaments, however, showed a much more variable picture. In some unsutured cases ligamentous regeneration was blocked by extensive scar formation. In many unsutured cases, however, signs of ligamentous regeneration were observed. It was noted that the SEM is a useful and sophisticated tool for studies on ligament healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00575229
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved demonstration of exocytotic profiles in glomus cells of rat carotid body after perfusion with glutaraldehyde fixative containing a high concentration of potassium (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Rat ; Glomus cells ; Exocytosis ; High ; K fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extensive secretion by exocytosis was demonstrated in the glomus (type I) cells of the adult rat after perfusion of carotid bodies with a potassium-rich (high K) glutaraldehyde fixative. Similar secretory profiles were very rare with a glutaraldehyde fixative containing a low concentration of potassium (low K). The increase in the incidence of exocytotic profiles in glomus cells with the high K fixative was highly significant, whereas no statistical difference could be observed in the incidence of coated pits with the different fixatives. Exocytotic profiles were characterized by the following features: (1) they predominated in non-synaptic regions, but were occasionally observed near synapses between two glomus cells; they were not observed near synapses between glomus cells and nerve terminals; (2) extruded electron-dense material associated with coating of the cell membrane was frequent; (3) different stages of dissolution of the extruded granule material was evident. The possible role of exocytosis as a mode of secretion in the glomus cells and the characteristics of the new high K-glutaraldehyde fixative are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207702
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocytotic uptake of cationized ferritin tracer into glomus cells dissociated from the adult rat carotid body (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 226 (1982), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Glomus cells ; Endocytosis ; Cationized ferritin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glomus cells from carotid bodies of adult rats dissociated by means of collagenase or collagenase + trypsin were used to study by electron microscopy the endocytotic uptake of cationized ferritin (CF) tracer into subcellular compartments. The glomus cells were incubated with the tracer (1) in a basic salt medium (BM), or (2) in the BM into which calcium ionophore A23187 had been added, or (3) in a potassium-rich medium. Incubation of the cells in BM containing CF for 30 min resulted in attachment of the tracer to the cell membrane and uptake of a few solitary tracer particles into small vesicles and multivesicular bodies. No uptake into the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus was observed. Further incubation in BM containing CF for another 30 min resulted in increased uptake of the tracer into small vesicles and multivesicular bodies. A similar pattern of uptake was observed when the dissociated glomus cells were first preincubated in BM with CF for 30 min and then incubated for 1 min or 30 min in the BM solution containing both the ionophore and CF. Upon such incubation, CF particles were seen to penetrate into coated pits and sites of exocytosis at the cell surface. When the 30-min preincubation in BM was followed by incubation in a CF-containing potassium-rich medium for 15–30 min, uptake into vesicles, small lysosomes and occasionally also into profiles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum was seen. Endocytotic mechanisms of the glomus cells are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217080
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of zopiclone on sleep quality, morning stiffness, widespread tenderness and pain and general discomfort in primary fibromyalgia patients. A double-blind randomized trial (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 186-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-three patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for primary fibromyalgia completed an eight-week double-blind treatment trial with the drug zopiclone. Of outcome measures studied a score expressing subjective sleep quality showed improvement in more than ninety percent of zopiclone patients at 4 weeks and nearly eighty percent at 8 weeks, but similar improvement was also reported by more than sixty percent of the patients on placebo. Patient self-assessment of a treatment effect also showed an advantage for zopiclone, with most patients in the placebo group considering their state as unchanged at 8 weeks. According to examiner assessment, however, half the patients in both groups showed improvement at 8 weeks. For other assessment variables, e.g. dolorimeter assessment of widespread tenderness, visual analogue scales and pain drawings for pain and other subjective feelings of discomfort, the effects of zopiclone treatment were at the same level as those of placebo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02231524
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental lengthening of tibial diaphysis: Gap healing with or without gradual distraction (1988)
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 107 (1988), S. 172-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stepwise distraction of the rabbit tibia after a transverse diaphyseal osteotomy was performed in an external fixator. The goal was to clarify the fine-structural parameters of long-bone lengthening. The tibias were vertically cut and studied 5 weeks after the osteotomy, and the specimens with an initial gap without further lengthening were compared with those with a gap and stepwise distraction. The role of periosteal bone induction was essential for the ossification of a growing gap, whereas the ossification of a simple gap proceeded equally by the endosteal and periosteal routes. The distraction resulted in vertical organization of the premature callus tissue at the proximal pole of the distracted gap, while the distal part of the gap area was deficiently filled by endosteal bone but preliminarily fixed by a bridge of periosteal callus tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451597
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