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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ices in space (1983)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 87 (1983), S. 4243-4260 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100244a052
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can spores survive in interstellar space? (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 316 (1985), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Inactivation of spores (Bacillus subtilis) has been investigated for the first time in the laboratory by vacuum ultraviolet radiation in simulated interstellar conditions. Remarkably, damage produced at the normal interstellar particle temperature of 10 K is less than at higher temperatures, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/316403a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is there dust in galactic haloes? (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 327 (1987), S. 214-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We consider the forces acting on the dust which is located near the upper and lower faces of the disk of a spiral galaxy. In this position the radiation force coming from the stars of the galaxy is not isotropic and results in a net effect of expelling dust from the disk. Here we present only the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327214a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cometary organics (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 331 (1988), S. 124-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR—The abundant complex organic refractory molecules revealed by the Vega/Giotto mass-spectrometer analysis of the dust of comet Halley1 and the 3.4-um emission observed from space and from the ground by five groups (for example, ref. 2) are the subject of controversy. What are they and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/331124a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predicting that comet Halley is dark (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 321 (1986), S. 385-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-As I write this letter in early March only the scantiest information has come out of the Giotto mission. One of the most interesting preliminary findings was that comet Halley appeared to be quite dark. This may seem to be inconsistent with the high degree of reflectivity one might expect from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321385a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical detection of local interstellar particles during an out-of-ecliptic mission (1978)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 275 (1978), S. 39-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To estimate the interstellar dust density, we make the usual assumption that the number density of the interstellar particles (nIS) is related to the local hydrogen number density in the ratio of 10-12 (see ref. 5). The local hydrogen density within a few parsecs of the Sun has been observed to be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/275039a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical formation, chemical processing, and explosion of interstellar grains (1976)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 39 (1976), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The ultraviolet radiation in interstellar space is shown to create a sufficient steady state density of free radicals in the grain mantle material consisting of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen to satisfy the critical condition for initiation of chain reactions. The criterion for minimum critical particle size for maintaining the chain reaction is of the order of the larger grain sizes in a distribution satisfying the average extinction and polarization measures. The triggering of the explosion of interstellar grains leading to the ejection of complex interstellar molecules is shown to be most probable where the grains are largest and where radiation is suddenly introduced; i.e. in regions of new star formation. Similar conditions prevail at the boundaries between very dark clouds and Hii regions. When the energy released by the chemical activity of the free radicals is inadequate to explode the grain, the resulting mantle material must consist of extremely large organic molecules which are much more resistant to the hostile environment of Hii regions than the classical dirty ice mantles made up of water, methane, and ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640505
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cosmic Dust in the 21st Century (1999)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 269-270 (1999), S. 33-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The past century of interstellar dust has brought us from first ignoring it to finding that it plays an important role in the evolution of galaxies. Current observational results in our galaxy provide a complex physical and chemical evolutionary picture of interstellar dust starting with the formation of small refractory particles in stellar atmospheres to their modification in diffuse and molecular clouds and ultimately to their contribution to star forming regions. Observations of the properties of dust in very young galaxies will be an important probe of the rates of star formation in terms of the production and destruction of dust grains. Future observations of dust at high spectral and spatial resolution will provide detailed information on processes in collapsing clouds up to star formation. Space missions to comets in the next century will first study them in situ but ultimately will bring back pristine nucleus material which will contain the end product of the collapsing protosolar molecular cloud at the time of planet formation. If one of the current theories of the origin of life from comets is correct laboratory studies of comet dust grains immersed in water may give direct indications of prebiotic chemical evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017003503904
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse band extinction and polarization in core-mantle grains (1976)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 39 (1976), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Diffuse band shapes in both extinction and polarization are calculated for interstellar coremantle particles for varying size distributions of mantle thickness. It is shown that no matter whether the source of the bands is in the silicate cores or the accreted icy mantles the polarization shapes are highly asymmetric for all mantel thicknesses. The extinction band shapes are significantly less asymmetric although the effect is clearly present. The only apparent possibility for producing symmetric band shapes in the dust grains is in the very small bare particles in interstellar space which, if they are aligned and produce the λ 2200 band, must exhibit a strong polarization effect in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00640507
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-redshift objects as probes of nearby cosmic voids (1983)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 90 (1983), S. 457-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that present day observational techniques make it possible to detect diffuse gas masses down to ∼1010 M ⊙ in cosmic voids with linear sizes of ∼1 Mpc or larger. The observations consist of searches for absorption lines, similar in character to those produced in galactic interstellar clouds, in the spectra of high-redshift objects located beyond previously identified voids adjoining nearby superclusters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00650077
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