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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 12 (1964), S. 198-214 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die afferente Modulation des zentralnervösen Mechanismus, der das bewußte Verhalten reguliert, wird besprochen und mit den Wirkungen verglichen, die durch afferente und Hirnstammreizung auf das emotionale Verhalten diencephaler Herkunft auszulösen sind. Die elektroencephalographische Synchronisation und der Schlaf, die durch Reizung der Druckrezeptoren des Sinus caroticus am „encéphale isolé“ oder am intakten Tier hervorgerufen werden, werden in Parallele gesetzt zur Hemmung der spontanen Ausbrüche von Scheinwut (sham rage) bei dekortizierten Katzen, die durch natürliche Reizung der Druckrezeptoren verursacht wird; anderseits bewirken die Chemorezeptoren des Carotis-Sinus-Knotens nicht nur eine Weckreaktion, sondern sind auch in der Lage Anfälle von Scheinwut bei der dekortizierten Katze hervorzurufen. So wie beim „encéphale isolé“ und intakten Tier Reizungen des reticulären Systems zu verschiedenen Zeiten entweder Desynchronisation und Weckung oder Synchronisation und Schlaf bewirken, so können Wutanfälle durch elektrische Reizung innerhalb der Formatio reticularis sowohl hervorgerufen als auch gehemmt werden. Schließlich hängt das Wutverhalten der dekortizierten Katze ebenso wie die corticale Desynchronisation und Wachheit des intakten Tieres vom tonisierenden Untergrund der aufsteigenden reticulären Aktivität ab. Vermutlich beeinflussen gleichartige oder nahe verwandte Mechanismen sowohl das bewußte, wache Verhalten als auch verschiedene somatische und viscerale Funktionen, beispielsweise diejenigen, die vom emotionalen Verhalten abhängig sind.
    Abstract: Résumé La modulation afférente des mécanismes nerveux centraux responsables du comportement conscient est comparée aux effets de l'excitation afférente et du tronc cérébral sur le comportement émotionnel d'origine diencéphalique. L'excitation des barorécepteurs du sinus carotidien dans la préparation «encéphale isolé» ou sur les animaux intacts produit synchronisation électroencéphalographique et sommeil, et chez le chat décortiqué elle produit inhibition des accès spontanés de colère. Par ailleurs les chémorécepteurs du corpuscule carotidien n'ont pas seulement une action de réveil, ils sont également capables de déclencher des accès de colère chez le chat décortiqué. Dans la préparation «encéphale isolé» et sur les animaux intacts, des stimulations réticulaires différentes peuvent entraîner soit une désynchronisation électroencéphalographique et le réveil, soit par contre une synchronisation et le sommeil. Chez le chat décortiqué les accès de colère peuvent être soit provoqués, soit arrêtés par l'excitation électrique de certaines parties de la formation réticulée. Le comportement de colère du chat décortiqué dépend, de même que la désynchronisation corticale et l'état d'éveil chez les animaux intacts, du tonus réticulaire ascendant. En conclusion, il est fort possible que des mécanismes afférents identiques peuvent agir à la fois sur le comportement de vigilance et sur les activités somatiques et viscérales du comportement émotionnel d'origine diencéphalique.
    Notes: Summary The afferent modulation of the central nervous mechanisms regulating conscious behaviour is discussed, and compared to the effects of afferent and brain stem stimulation on the emotional behaviour of diencephalic origin. The electroencephalographic synchronization and sleep induced by stimulating the carotid sinus baroceptors in encéphale isolé or intact animals is paralleled by the inhibition of the spontaneous sham rage outbursts of the decorticate cat by natural baroceptive stimulation; on the other hand, the carotid body chemoceptors do not only exert an arousing action, but are also capable of precipitating sham rage fits in the decorticate cat. As in encéphale isolé or intact animals suitably timed reticular stimuli may induce either desynchronization and arousal, or synchronization and sleep, likewise rage fits may either be evoked or inhibited by electrical stimulation within the reticular formation. Finally, the rage behaviour of the decorticate cat depends, like cortical desynchronization and wakefulness in intact animals, upon a tonic background of ascending reticular activity. It is suggested that identical, or closely related, mechanisms may affect both conscious alert behaviour and several somatic and visceral activities, such as those subserving emotional behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Single-photon emission tomography ; Positron emission tomography ; Myocardial perfusion ; Myocardial viability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We compare thallium-201 rest redistribution and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) for the assessment of myocardial viability within technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) perfusion defects in 27 patients with chronic stable coronary artery disease. The following studies were performed: (1) stress99mTc-MIBI, (2) rest99mTc-MIBI, (3)201T1 rest-redistribution single-photon emission tomography, (4) [18F]FDG positron emission tomography. The left ventricle was devided into 11 segments on matched tomographic images. The segment with the highest activity at stress was taken as the reference (activity=100%). Perfusion defects at99mTc-MIBI rest were classified as severe (activity〈50%), moderate (activity 50%–60%) or mild (activity 60%–85%). Uptakes of [18F]FDG and rest-redistributed201Tl were recognized as significant if they exceeded 50% of that in the reference segment. Among the 33 segments with severe99mTc-MIBI rest perfusion defects, 21 had significant [18F]FDG and 10 significant rest-redistributed201Tl uptake. As regards the 37 segments with moderate defects, [18F]FDG was present in 29 and201Tl in 31, while of the 134 segments with mild defects, 128 showed [18F]FDG uptake, and 131,201Tl uptake. In conclusion, there is an inverse relationship between the severity of99mTc-MIBI perfusion defects and the uptake of rest-redistributed201Tl and [18F]FDG. Both tracers are adequate markers of viability in mild and moderate defects; in severe defects201Tl might underestimate the presence of viability as assessed by [18F]FDG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 19 (1963), S. 534-536 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto La stimolazione elettrica delle fibre aortiche a più bassa soglia, presumibilmente d'origine pressocettiva, è capace d'inibire tutte le manifestazioni somatiche e viscerali dell'attività di rabbia del gatto talamico acuto. Uno stimolo maggiore, eccitando un altro gruppo di fibre, probabilmente di tipo chemocettivo, maschera questo effetto inibitorio, portando alla luce in sua vece una forte attivazione del comportamento di rabbia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Le risposte circolatorie alla stimolazione elettrica del nervo aortico sono notevolmente modificate dalla ventilazione polmonare. In particolare le risposte a stimoli di intensità intermedia ed elevata, che attivano oltre a fibre pressocettive anche fibre chemocettive, divengono da ipotensive ipertensive durante ipoventilazione. Gli effetti dell'ipoventilazione sono sempre riprodotti sia dall'ipercapnia (respirazione con CO2 5–7% in O2) sia dall'ipossia (respirazione di O2 5–8% in N2).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 18 (1962), S. 185-186 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto La sezione del vago cervicale, dopo precedente sezione dei nervi aortici, produce un cospicuo aumento della risposta pressoria all'occlusione carotidea, o, nell'animale con denervazione seno-carotidea, della pressione arteriosa basale. Questo fenomeno non dipende dalle concomitanti variazioni respiratorie, né dalla sezione di eventuali fibre di origine aortica decorrenti nel vago.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 18 (1962), S. 234-235 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Le fibre afferenti presenti nel vago cervicale, e dotate di tonica attività inibitrice sui fenomeni circolatori, originano da aree recettrici intratoraciche, non provengono in misura importante dall'arco aortico, ma si dipartono da ampie zone della regione cardio-polmonare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 1021-1022 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto L'ipotensione presente durante il sonno desincronizzato del gatto, con riflessi seno-aortici intatti o aboliti, è dovuta soprattutto a diminuzione delle resistenze periferiche e in ben piccola parte a riduzione della gettata cardiaca. Solo negli episodi di sonno desincronizzato, osservati talora nel gatto con deafferentazione senoaortica, in cui l'ipotensione è cosi profonda da produrre ischemia cerebrale, la gettata cardiaca diminuisce marcatamente e l'indice di resistenza paradossalmente aumenta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 3 (1988), S. 99-109 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes induced by nifedipine (10 mg s.l.) in the residual lumen diameter of significant (〉50%) coronary lesions were assessed angiographically in 69 patients with effort angina (Group 1), in 22 patients with mixed angina (Group 2), and in 14 patients with Prinzmetal angina (Group 3). These changes were related to the clinical response to treatment with the same drug (diary records, exercise testing, Holter monitoring). In Groups 1 and 2 segments of stenotic vessels showed either increase, decrease or no change in diameter with the calcium antagonist; in Group 3 the majority of the vessels showed compliant portions which invariably responded with dilatation. Nifedipine failed to improve cases with exertional (21% unchanged, 19% worsened) and mixed (41% exacerbated) forms; all patients with the Prinzmetal form had relief of the anginal episodes. In Group 1, the response to exercise tests were dissociated from the acute vasomotor pattern and the pressure-rate product failed to explain the clinical results. Fifty-two percent of the patients in Group 2 showed significant acute widening of critical stenoses as well as obvious improvement; patients in this group who did worse with treatment had reacted to nifedipine with narrowing of their critical stenoses. These data suggest that: the response to nifedipine of classic effort angina is probably the net result of an interaction of changes in myocardial oxygen consumption and supply; coronary vasomotion has a role in mixed angina and influences of nifedipine may be either favorable or unfavorable; stenotic lesions in the Prinzmetal form are quite sensitive to the relaxant action of calcium blockade and this probably represents a background to the highly positive clinical response to treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Hypothyroidism ; peripheral neuropathy ; sural nerve ; endoneural vessels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Sono state studiate al microscopio ottico ed elettronico le biopsie del nervo surale di due pazienti affette da i-potiroidismo, con storie cliniche differenti in quanto, mentre in un caso era presente una polineuropatia conclamata, nel secondo non vi erano segni di interessamento nervoso periferico. Poiché in entrambi i casi sono state messe in evidenza solo differenze quantitative nell'entità delle lesioni riscontrate a carico dei vasi dell'endonervio, si formula l'ipotesi che la neuropatia sia secondaria all'interessamento vascolare.
    Notes: Abstract Light-microscope findings and pathological ultrastructural changes in sural nerve biopsies from two patients affected by hypothyroidism, one with overt signs of peripheral neuropathy, the other asymptomatic, were studied. In both patients the endoneural vessels showed clear pathological changes similar to those of other metabolic neuropathies, but more marked in the symptomatic patient. It is proposed that the changes observed in the nerve fibers in hypothyroid neuropathy are secondary to changes in the endothelial cells and in the vessel wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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