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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CATECHOLAMINE METABOLISM AND MORPHINE ABSTINENCE (1962)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 96 (1962), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb50117.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association with persistent neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia of regional changes in brain GABA synthesis (1984)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 309 (1984), S. 347-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nineteen C apella monkeys (10 male, 9 female) weighing 1.6-4.2 kg (mean 2.9 kg) were used in the present experiments. Twelve monkeys received chronic neuroleptic treatment: haloperidol (nine animals) or fluphenazine (three) for 3-6 yr, while seven were untreated controls. Intramuscular (i.m.) ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/309347a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of nigral glutamic acid decarboxylase in rats with neuroleptic-induced oral dyskinesia (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 81 (1983), S. 191-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Oral dyskinesia ; Chronic neuroleptic ; Vacuous chewing movements ; Movement disorder ; Tardive dyskinesia ; Nigral glutamic acid decarboxylase ; Striato-nigral GABA-ergic system ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Following eight monthly haloperidol decanoate injections rats showed an increased rate of vacuous chewing movements (VCM's), which gradually disappeared within 4 drug-free months. Another single dose of non-decanoate haloperidol reinstated a second increase in VCM rate which was still significant after 2 months. The glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in the substantia nigra of these chronically haloperidol-treated rats was lower than untreated controls. Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between individual VCM rates and nigral GAD activity. No corresponding changes occurred in other brain regions. The depression of nigral GAD may reflect a reduced tissue density of GABA-ergic axon terminals within the descending striato-nigral pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427260
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cocaine administration on brain, adrenal and urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline in rats (1964)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 6 (1964), S. 125-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A single acute injection and 14 daily injections of 100 mg/kg of cocaine did not alter the brain content of noradrenaline or the adrenal gland content of adrenaline and noradrenaline in rats. The urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline was greatly increased, however, during 14 days of cocaine administration. On the 14th day of treatment the sum of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the urine was five times the normal level. After withdrawal there was a slow return, especially of the urinary noradrenaline which was not quite normal 17 days after withdrawal. The findings are discussed in relation to the known dependence-producing properties of cocaine and compared with those of morphine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413225
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibody-bound nalorphine released on challenge with morphine (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 255 (1975), S. 418-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In preliminary experiments female NMRI mice (body weight at end of experiment 27 + 0,5 g) were pretreated with BSA-morphine once a week for 6 months as described by Berkowitz and Spector1. It was found, however, when the antiserum properties were tested in vitro, that to achieve a 50% displacement ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/255418a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catecholamine Metabolism in Morphine Withdrawal in the Dog (1962)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 195 (1962), S. 815-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The present work deals with the effects on catecholamines in brain, adrenals and urine of dogs, during induced morphine tolerance and subsequent abstinence. After an acclimatization period, the 24-hr, urines of 4 saline-injected dogs weighing 3-5 kgm. were collected daily in separate metabolism ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/195815a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in the Rat Brain during Acute and Chronic Morphine Administration and During Withdrawal (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 1950-1951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two series of experiments will be reported here. In the acute experiments male and female rats weighing 150-250 gm. were given morphine hydro-chloride intraperitoneally in a dose of 20, 30, 60 and 90 mgm./kgm. body-weight at 9 a.m. In the chronic experiments morphine was given at 9 a.m. and at 5 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1841950a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral dyskinesia in rats following brain lesions and neuroleptic drug administration (1982)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 77 (1982), S. 134-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Animal model ; Rat ; Tardive dyskinesia ; Oral dyskinesia ; Chronic haloperidol ; Neuroleptic ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Kainic acid ; Frontal cortex ; Striatum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After 10–12 weeks of chronic haloperidol administration rats with frontal cortex ablations or lesions induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine developed vacuous chewing behavior at a fairly stable frequency (bifrontal ablations had 15–20, 6-hydroxy-dopamine lesioned rats 7–12 chewing movements/min). This behavior persisted for 10 weeks after the last injection of haloperidol decanoate. However, rats with frontal cortex lesions developed a low rate of vacuous chewings (4–8 chewings/min) even without haloperidol administration. Bilateral intrastriatal injections of kainic acid in combination with chronic haloperidol administration did not cause chewing movements in excess of unlesioned haloperidol-treated controls. Pharmacological tests of this animal model for tardive dyskinesia (TD) revealed similarities to human TD, but also differences. Dopamine agonists (apomorphine) and antagonists (haloperidol) both lowered chewing behavior analogous to reported effects on TD and so did gabaculine. The cholinergic drugs physostigmine and pilocarpine, however, increased chewing in rats, while anticholinergics (atropine) reduced it, in contrast to reported effects on human TD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431935
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A monitoring test for the liability of neuroleptic drugs to induce tardive dyskinesia (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 63 (1979), S. 195-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tardive dyskinesia ; Animal model ; Rebound deterioration sign ; Monitoring neurological side effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two Cebus apella monkeys with haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia have been studied. Substitution of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, clozapine, melperone, or fluphenazine for the daily haloperidol administration temporarily reduced the signs of tardive dyskinesia. In a monkey with low-grade symptoms, persisting for more than 100 days after with-drawal of haloperidol, neuroleptic drugs induced a typical sequence of events: first the dyskinetic movements were abolished, but 1–3 days after administration of a single dose of a neuroleptic drug there was a rebound worsening of symptoms. It was noticed that this aggravation of symptoms corresponded in magnitude and duration to the approximate liability of each compound to induce tardive dyskinesia in man. It is therefore suggested that this animal model could be used to monitor neurological side effects in neuroleptic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00433548
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preliminary clinical trial with L-DOPA in narcolepsy (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 19 (1971), S. 204-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402644
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