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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on photosynthesis and biomass production of clonal 5-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L .) Karst.] under different nitrogen nutrition and irrigation treatments (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 382-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words CO2 ; Ozone ; Norway spruce ; Gas exchange ; Biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  To study the single and combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen nutrition, and water supply on photosynthetic gas exchange and biomass accumulation of Norway spruce, a four-factorial experiment was conducted in closed environmental chambers. Each factor was applied at two levels: (i) ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μl l –  1) CO2, (ii) 20 and 80 nl l –  1 O3, (iii) low and high nitrogen fertilization, and (iv) a well watered and a drought treatment. Neither elevated O3 nor CO2 significantly changed stomatal conductances of spruce needles. Adverse effects of elevated O3 on photosynthetic parameters such as net assimilation rate and carboxylation efficiency occurred only when the plants were well watered and in a good nutritional status. After 6 weeks enhanced atmospheric CO2 resulted in increased net assimilation rates provided that nutrition was well balanced and plants were well watered. Acclimation processes became apparent and are interpreted as a consequence of sink regulation. While O3 effects were apparent only in biomass of 1-year-old plant material, elevated CO2 resulted in higher biomass of the buds expanding during the exposure and increased root biomass significantly. Above- and below-ground biomass were strongly influenced by the water and nutrition treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185642
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ozone on the emission of carbonyls from leaves of adult Fagus sylvatica (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Under the site conditions of a temperate forest, the exchange of short-chained oxygenated carbonyls (aldehydes, ketones) was assessed from leaves of adult European beech trees. The crowns of the trees were either exposed to an elevated O3 regime as released by a free-air fumigation system (2 × O3) or to the unchanged O3 regime at the site (1 × O3, ‘control’). Daily fluctuations of oxygenated carbonyls were quantified in relation to environmental and physiological factors. In particular, the effect of O3 on carbonyl exchange was studied. Measurements of leaf gas exchange were performed with a dynamic cuvette system, and carbonyl fluxes were determined using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH)-coated silica gel cartridges. Leaves mainly emitted acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and acetone. Acetaldehyde dominated the emissions, amounting up to 100 nmol m−2 min−1, followed by formaldehyde (approximately 80 nmol m−2 min−1) and acetone (approximately 60 nmol m−2 min−1). Carbonyl emissions were highest during midday and significantly lowered at night, irrespective of the O3 exposure regime. Trees exposed to 2 × O3 emitted acetaldehyde and acetone at enhanced rates. The findings are of particular significance for future climate change scenarios that assume increased O3 levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01305.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of ethylene in the regulation of cell death and leaf loss in ozone-exposed European beech (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 28 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: To test the involvement of ethylene in mediating ozone-induced cell death and leaf loss in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), tree seedlings were exposed to proportionally increased or decreased field ozone levels for up to 6 months. Ozone treatment caused cell death and accelerated leaf loss at higher than ambient levels, but had only minor effects at ambient and no effects at subambient ozone levels. The emission of ethylene, the levels of its precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), and mRNA levels of specific ACC synthase (FS-ACS2) and ACC oxidase (FS-ACO1) isoforms showed a persistent increase and preceded cell death by approximately 2 weeks. Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis led to reduced lesion formation whereas application of ACC accelerated ozone-induced cell death and leaf loss. Similar results were obtained when adult beech trees were exposed to 2 × ozone by a whole tree free-air canopy exposure system. The results suggest a role of ethylene in amplifying ozone effects under field conditions in this major European broad-leaved tree species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01339.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on photosynthesis and biomass production of clonal 5-year-old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] under different nitrogen nutrition and irrigation treatments (1996)
    Springer
    Trees 10 (1996), S. 382-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: CO2 ; Ozone ; Norway spruce ; Gas exchange ; Biomass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract To study the single and combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), nitrogen nutrition, and water supply on photosynthetic gas exchange and biomass accumulation of Norway spruce, a four-factorial experiment was conducted in closed environmental chambers. Each factor was applied at two levels: (i) ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μl 1-1) CO2, (ii) 20 and 80 nl 1-1 O3, (iii) low and high nitrogen fertilization, and (iv) a well watered and a drought treatment. Neither elevated O3 nor CO2 significantly changed stomatal conductances of spruce needles. Adverse effects of elevated O3 on photosynthetic parameters such as net assimilation rate and carboxylation efficiency occurred only when the plants were well watered and in a good nutritional status. After 6 weeks enhanced atmospheric CO2 resulted in increased net assimilation rates provided that nutrition was well balanced and plants were well watered. Acclimation processes became apparent and are interpreted as a consequence of sink regulation. While O3-effects were apparent only in biomass of 1-year-old plant material, elevated CO2 resulted in higher biomass of the buds expanding during the exposure and increased root biomass significantly. Above and below-ground biomass were strongly influenced by the water and nutrition treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185642
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Polygermane. XIX [1]. Empirische Regelin Zur Abschätzung von 13C-NMR chemischen Verschiebungen in phenylieryten Polygermanen (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 551 (1987), S. 116-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On Polygermanes. XIX. Empirical rules for estimating 13C-NMR Chemical shifts in Phenylated polygermanes13C-NMR chemical shifts are given for 85 phenyl groups independently bonded to Ge in 52 acyclic and 23 cyclic Ge compounds. 13C-NMR phenyl signals can be estimated from basic values for perorgano substituted homonuclear chains of Ge nd from increments for substitution at the Ge atoms.
    Notes: Für 85 unabhängig an Ge gebundene Phengruppen in 52 acyclischen und 23 cyclischen Ge-Verbindungen werden 13C-NMR chemische Verschiebungen angegeben. Aus Basis-werten für perorganosubstituierte Ge-Homoketten und Inkrementen für Heterosubstitution an den Ge-Atomen lassen sich 13C-NMR′ Phenylsignale abschätzen.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19875510813
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen und Strukturen von Ethyl-, Propyl-, Butyl- und Mesitylantimon (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 122 (1989), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetraalkylcyclotetrastibanes ; Pentaalkylcyclopentastibanes ; Alkylantimony polymers ; Tetramesitylcyclotetrastibane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses and Structures of Ethyl-, Propyl-, Butyl-, and MesitylantimonyDehalogenation of alkylantimony dibromides RSbBr2 (R = Et, Pr, Bu) with Mg in THF gives yellow solutions containing mainly five-membered antimony rings (RSb)5 and four-membered antimony rings (RSb)4. The trimers (RSb)3 are identified by mass spectrometry. Evaporation of the solutions reversibly gives black solids of the polymers (RSb)x (x » 5). The substituents R in the cycles preferentially adopt trans positions. The crystal structure of (MesSb)4·benzene contains linear …Sb4…Sb4…connected cyclotetrastibane-arene complexes with good η6-hapticity of the benzene molecule to one of the four Sb atoms (ring center…Sb 3.81 Å, angle to the perpendicular line 5°). The Sb4 ring is folded considerably.
    Notes: Die Enthalogenierung von Alkylantimondibromiden RSbBr2 (R = Et, Pr, Bu) mit Mg in THF führt zu gelben Lösungen, die überwiegend die Antimonfünfringe (RSb)5 neben den Vierringen (RSb)4 enthalten. Die Trimeren (RSb)3 können massenspektrometrisch nachgewiesen werden. Beim Entfernen des Lösungsmittels bilden sich reversibel die Polymeren (RSb)x (x » 5) in Form schwarzer Festkörper. In den Ringen nehmen die Substituenten R maximale trans-Positionen ein. Die Kristallstruktur von (MesSb)4 · Benzol enthält linear …Sb4…Sb4…-verknüpfte Cyclotetrastiban-Aren-Komplexe mit guter η6-Haptizität des Benzolmoleküls an eines der vier Sb-Atome (Ringmitte…Sb 3.81 Å, Winkel zur Flächennormale 5°). Der Sb4-Ring ist stark und uneinheitlich gefaltet.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19891220313
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (C6H5Sb)6·(1,4-Dioxan), das erste CyclohexastibanDiese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützt. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 97 (1985), S. 62-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19850970119
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (C6H5Sb)6·(1,4-dioxane), the First CyclohexastibaneThis work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 24 (1985), S. 72-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198500721
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