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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DRIER SOAP MANUFACTURE (1949)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 41 (1949), S. 2080-2090 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50478a008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Peripheral Blood by Physical Exercise (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 27 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was designed to examine the effect of physical exercise on human natural killer (NK) cells. Six healthy volunteers underwent two different acute physical exercise tests with an interval of at least 1 week: (1) 60min bicycle exercise at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and (2) 60 min back-muscle training at up to 29% of VO2max; blood samples were collected before and during the last few minutes of exercise, as well as 2 h and 24 h afterwards. The NK cell activity (lysis/fixed number of mononuclear cells) increased during bicycle exercise, dropped to a minimum 2 h later and returned to pre-exercise levels within 24 h. Back-muscle exercise did not significantly influence NK cell activity. Plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol were elevated during bicycling, but not during back-muscle exercise, indicating that exercise intensity is a determinant of NK cell activity. During bicycle exercise the NK cell subset (CD 16+ cells) of mononuclear cells increased significantly. Furthermore an improved interleukin 2 (IL-2) boosting of the NK cell activity was found during work as compared to IFN-α and indomethacin-enhanced NK cell activity. These results indicate that NK cells with a high IL-2 response capacity are recruited to the peripheral blood during exercise. The decreased NK cell activity demonstrated 2 h after work was probably not due to fluctuations in size of the NK cell pool, since the proportion of CD16+ cells was normal. The finding that indomethacin fully restored the suppressed NK cell activity in vitro and the demonstration of a twofold increase in monocyte (CD20+ cells) proportions 2 h after work, strongly indicate that prostaglandins released by monocytes during the heavy physical exercise are responsible for the down-regulation of the NK cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1988.tb02400.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Physical Exercise on Blood Mononuclear Cell Subpopulations and in Vitro Proliferative Responses (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was designed to examine the effect of physical exercise on subsets and proliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells. Sixteen young, healthy volunteers underwent 60min of bicycle exercise at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). After an interval of at least 1 week, six of the subjects underwent a 60-min back muscle training period at up to 30% of VO2max. Blood samples were collected before and during the last minutes of exercise, as well as 2 and 24 h later. Blood mononuclear cell (BMNC) subpopulations were determined and the proliferate responses after incubation with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or purified derivative of tuberculin (PPD), were quantified by [3H]thymidine incorporation. During bicycle exercise the relative blood concentration of T cells (CD3+ cells) declined, mainly due to a fall in T helper cells (CD4+ cells). The natural killer (NK) cell subset (CD16+ cells) increased during work, but reverted after; the monocytes (CD14+ cells) increased 2 h after work, whereas the B-cell subset (CD20+ cells) did not change. BMNC subsets were not significantly changed by back muscle exercise. The PHA-induced proliferative response decreased during bicycle exercise, whereas the PPD-induced response did not change. No significant changes occurred during back muscle exercise. Investigation of subgroups after incubation with [3H]thymidine showed that the proliferative response per CD4+ cell did not change in relation to exercise, but the contribution of the CD4+ subgroup to proliferation declined during bicycle exercise due to the decreased proportion of CD4+ cells. The suppression of the PHA response during bicycle exercise can be explained in part by a relative fall in CD4+ cells. The pool sizes of BMNC subfraction may be elicited by increased catecholamine and cortisol levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01137.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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