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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 16 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The role of fructan metabolism in the assimilate relations of the grain of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated by determination of the dry matter and fructan content of grain components at short intervals during grain filling. During the initial phase of rapid expansion, most of the assimilates entering the grain were partitioned to the outer pericarp. A large fraction of these assimilates were used for the synthesis of fructan. Dry matter deposition and fructan synthesis in the outer pericarp ceased at about 5d after anthesis. At the same time, the endosperm and the inner pericarp and testa started to accumulate dry matter at a fast rate. This was also associated with significant fructan synthesis in the latter tissues. The outer pericarp lost about 45% of its former maximum dry weight between 9 and 19 d after anthesis. This loss was due almost entirely to the near complete disappearance of water-soluble carbohydrates, most of which was fructan. The inner pericarp and testa accumulated dry matter until about mid-grain filling. The fructan contents of the inner pericarp and testa and the endosperm decreased slowly towards the end of grain filling. Most of the fructans in the inner pericarp and testa and the endosperm had a low molecular weight, whereas higher molecular weight fructans predominated in the outer pericarp. The embryo did not contain fructan. The presence of low molecular weight fructans in the endosperm cavity at mid-grain filling was confirmed. It is suggested that fructan synthesis is closely linked to growth-related water deposition in the different tissues of the wheat grain and serves to sequester the surplus of imported sucrose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 11 (1970), S. 3095-3098 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Mechanical ventilation ; intensive care therapy ; assisted spontaneous breathing ; work of breathing ; Schlüsselwörter Respirator-therapie ; Intensivtherapie ; assistierte Beatmung ; Atemarbeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 16 druckunterstützt beatmeten Patienten, davon acht mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) und acht ohne obstruktive Lungenkrankheiten wurde der Einfluß eines PEEP von 5 cmH2O und einer Druckunterstützung von 5 und 10 cmH2O auf die mechanische Atemarbeit und andere atemmechanische Meßgrößen untersucht. Sowohl durch PEEP wie auch durch Druckunterstützung konnte die Atemarbeit gesenkt werden. Die Kombination beider Maßnahmen wirkte additiv. Ein PEEP von 5 cm H2O und eine Druckunterstützung von 10 cmH2O senkte die Atemarbeit im Durchschnitt um mehr als 50% in beiden Patientengruppen. Ohne Druckunterstützung leistet der Patienten mehr als 20% seiner gesamten Atemarbeit auf Widerstände des Beatmungssystems (z.B. Gasflußanlieferung, Triggermechanismus etc.). Durch 10 cmH2O Druckunterstützung war dieser Atemarbeitsanteil nahezu kompensiert und zu vernachlässigen. Ein bestehender intrinsischer PEEP bei COPD-Patienten erhöhte die Atemarbeit und wurde durch Applikation eines externen PEEP vermindert. Die Höhe der Atemarbeit war in unserer Untersuchung interindividuell sehr unterschiedlich. Daher erscheint uns eine individuelle Anpassung von PEEP und Druckunterstützung anhand der gemessenen Atemarbeit sinnvoll.
    Notes: Summary The influence of pressure support of 5 and 10 cmH2O and low-level positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5cm H2O on work of breathing (WOB) and breathing pattern was studied in 16 mechanically ventilated patients. Eight patients suffered from chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), eight patients had no obstructive lung disease. Low-level PEEP as well as pressure support reduced the work of breathing. Combination of both measures was additively effective. PEEP of 5 cmH2O and pressure support of 10 cmH2O decreased WOB more than 50% on average. Without any pressure support more than 20% of WOB were done on the ventilator system (e.g. flow delivery, trigger mechanism etc.). By application of 10 cmH2O of pressure support this part of the work of breathing was negligible. In COPD patients an intrinsic PEEP increased the work of breathing which was counterbalanced by an external PEEP. However, our study revealed high interindividual differences in WOB. Thus, measurement of work of breathing is encouraged to optimize the ventilatory setting by individual adaptation of the PEEP and pressure support level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Aged ; Functional residual capacity ; Lung volume measurement ; Mechanical ventilation ; Critical care ; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ; Acute lung injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Validation of an open-circuit multibreath nitrogen washout technique (MBNW) for measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC). The accuracy of FRC measurement with and without continuous viscosity correction of mass spectrometer delay time (TD) relative to gas flow signal and the influence of baseline FIO2 was investigated. Design: Laboratory study and measurements in mechanically ventilated patients. Setting: Experimental laboratory and anesthesiological intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: 16 postoperative patients with normal pulmonary function (NORM), 8 patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and 6 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were included. Interventions: Change of FIO2 from baseline to 1.0. Measurements and main results: FRC was determined by MBNW using continuous viscosity correction of TD (TDdyn), a constant TD based on the viscosity of a calibration gas mixture (TD0) and a constant TD referring to the mean viscosity between onset and end of MBNW (TDmean). Using TDdyn, the mean deviation between 15 measurements of three different lung model FRCs (FRCmeasured) and absolute volumes (FRCmodel) was 0.2 %. For baseline FIO2 ranging from 0.21 to 0.8, the mean deviation between FRCmeasured and FRCmodel was −0.8 %. However, depending on baseline FIO2, the calculation of FRC using TDmean and TD0 increased the mean deviation between FRCmeasured and FRCmodel to 2–4 % and 8–12 %, respectively. In patients (n = 30) the average repeatability coefficient was 6.0 %. FRC determinations with TDmean and TD0 were 0.8–13.3 % and 4.2–23.9 % (median 2.7 % and 8.7 %) smaller than those calculated with TDdyn. Conclusion: A dynamic viscosity correction of TD improves the accuracy of FRC determinations by MBNW considerably, when gas concentrations are measured in a sidestream. If dynamic TD correction cannot be performed, the use of constant TDmean might be suitable. However, in patient measurements this can cause an FRC underestimation of up to 13 %.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Treatment of wounds ; TCDO ; Oxygen carrier ; TCDO ; Problemwunden ; Sauerstoffträger ; Wundbehandlung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung TCDO (Tetrachlordecaoxid) ist ein neuartiger anorganischer Sauerstoffträger, der durch Enzyme intracellulär in aktiven Sauerstoff und Chlorid-Ionen gespalten wird. Er wurde zur Behandlung von Problemwunden bei 148 Patienten angewendet. Der Wirkstoff bewirkt eine rasche Wundsäuberung, fördert die Granulation und die Reepithelisierung. Bei über 90% der behandelten Fälle hatten wir sehr gute und gute Ergebnisse. Nur 4,7 % der Patienten klagten über Nebenwirkungen. Diese Ergebnisse lassen erwarten, daß sich der Wirkstoff zur lokalen Behandlung von Problemwunden durchsetzen wird.
    Notes: Summary TCDO (tetrachlordecaoxide) is a new type of inorganic oxygen carrier split intracellularly by enzymes into active oxygen and chloride ions. It was used in the treatment of problem wounds in 148 patients. The substance led to rapid cleansing of the wound, accelerated granulation and epithelisation. In over 90 % of the treated cases the results were good or very good. Only 4.7 % of the patients complained of side-effects. These results indicate that this new substance will establish itself in the treatment of problem wounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 364 (1984), S. 309-311 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Wound healing impairment ; Wound hypoxia ; TCDO ; Oxygen carrier ; Gestörte Wundheilung ; Wundgewebehypoxie ; TCDO ; Sauerstoffträger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die hervorragende Wirkung des neuen biokatalytisch aktivierbaren Sauerstoffträgers TCDO (Tetrachlordecaoxid — Oxyferin®) beruht auf der wirksamen Beeinflussung der Gewebehypoxie. Die Ergebnisse einer erstmals in der Wundbehandlung durchgeführten randomisierten Doppelblindstudie gegen 0,9% NaCl bestätigen diese Wirksamkeit objektiv (n = 38). Den klinischen Stellenwert dokumentieren die Ergebnisse einer randomisierten Einfachblindstudie (n = 58) gegen die derzeit beste lokale Standardtherapie — eine Prüfung auf Überlegenheit. In beiden Studien wurden die Kriterien der Wundheilung „Verbesserung des Verschmutzungsgrades, Ausbildung einer gesunden Granulation und Epithelisierung der Wundoberfläche” täglich protokolliert und statistisch ausgewertet. Die hochsignifikante Überlegenheit von TCDO-Lösung, in der Behandlung der gestörten Wundheilung wird auch durch eine planimetrische Auswertung bestätigt.
    Notes: Summary The high therapeutic efficiency of the biocatalytically activated oxygen carrier TCDO (tetrachlorodecaoxide — Oxoferin®) is based on its effect on wound tissue hypocia. This is confirmed by the results of a randomised double blind trian (n = 38) against physiological saline carried out for the first time in the field of wound treatment. The clinical value is also documented by the results of a single blind randomised trial (n = 58) against the most appropriate standard local treatment — a demonstration of superiority. In both studies the criteria of wound healing, “improvement of wound contamination, formation of a sound wound granulation tissue, epithelisation of the wound surface” were daily recorded and analysed statistically. The highly significant superiority of the TCDO-solution in the treatment of impaired wound healing is also confirmed by planimetrical measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 218 (1982), S. 51-54 
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten des intraokularen Druckes wurde an 49 Personen unter standardisierten Valsalva-Bedingungen sowohl in sitzender, wie auch in liegender Position des Probanden untersucht. 16 Versuchspersonen wiesen eine Myopie bis −8,0 Dptr. auf. Der im Liegen gemessene Augeninnendruck liegt unter Ruhebedingungen im Mittel um 2 mm Hg höher als im Sitzen. Der erhöhte Exspirationsdruck unter Valsalva-Bedingungen läßt den Augeninnendruck sowohl im Sitzen als auch im Liegen ansteigen; er erreicht hierbei Werte über 40 mm Hg. Drei charakteristische, reproduzierbare Nachschwankungsphasen des intraokularen Druckes lassen sich nach Beendigung der Pressatmung feststellen. Die intraokularen Druckwerte von Myopen liegen unter sämtlichen Versuchsbedingungen über denen der Emmetropen.
    Notes: Abstract Intraocular pressure was measured in 49 persons of either sex while carrying out Valsalva's maneuver in erect and recumbent position. 16 of the tested persons had myopia up to −8.0 D. The average intraocular pressure in recumbent position was 2 mm Hg higher when compared to the erect position. During Valsalva's maneuver the intraocular pressure was elevated in erect as well as in recumbent position. Three characteristic patterns of variation of intraocular pressure were seen after cessation of Valsalva's maneuver. The intraocular pressure in myopic persons was slightly higher than in those with emmetropia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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