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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 49 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The respiratory response to carbon dioxide was measured in 130 ASA 1 adult male patients from three ethnic groups, European, Nepalese, and Chinese, both before and after premedication with intramuscular morphine sulphate (200 μg.kg-1 body weight). Satisfactory results were obtained from 125 patients. Overall, there was no ethnic difference in the effect of morphine on the respiratory response to carbon dioxide, but initially the Chinese group appeared to be more sensitive in their response to carbon dioxide than the Europeans and Nepalese. However, there was a significant correlation between respiratory response to carbon dioxide and pulse rate and on restricting analysis to those patients with a pulse rate equal to or less than 72 beat.min-1, the ethnic difference in carbon dioxide response disappeared. It was concluded that there were no ethnic differences in the respiratory response to carbon dioxide before or after morphine in male Europeans, Nepalese and Chinese but that the respiratory response to carbon dioxide may be influenced by long term physical training.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The incidence of myalgia after suxamethonium was determined in 200 fit military male dental patients of European, Chinese and Nepalese descent. Half received pancuronium 1 mg and the other half received saline pretreatment on a randomised double-blind basis. The percentage incidence of postsuxamethonium myalgia after saline or pancuronium was found to be: Europeans 26%, 13%: Chinese 13%, 7%; Nepalese 20%, 14%. Although pancuronium reduced the incidence of myalgia by about 50% overall, these values were not significantly different from each other. The recovery of spontaneous ventilation following suxamethonium was quicker in the Europeans than in the Asians (p 〈 0.05). Pancuronium pretreatment also delayed the recovery of spontaneous ventilation and recovery from neuromuscular block (p 〈 0.05) but this was independent of ethnicity. The Europeans recovered from anaesthesia more quickly than the Asians. It was concluded that ethnicity affected recovery from suxamethonium and from anaesthesia but was not of clinical relevance to the incidence of myalgia in male Asians and Europeans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 48 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sympathetic response to orotracheal intubation was examined in five Europeans, 15 Chinese, and seven Nepalese male patients. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography with colometric detection. There was a significant rise in noradrenaline concentrations following intubation in the Chinese and the concentrations decreased over 5 min. Similar increases were seen in the Europeans and Nepalese. The mean plasma catecholamine concentrations were comparable, which suggests that there are no ethnic differences in the groups studied. A wide inter individual variation of catecholamine concentrations was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 47 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study set out to determine if there was any resistance to vecuronium in Nepalese studied in Nepal compared with Nepalese, Chinese and European patients studied in Hong Kong. The four groups, each of 10 male and 10 female patients, were intubated 60s after administration of 0.1 mg.kg−1 vecuronium. The Nepalese patients in Nepal had significantly less satisfactory intubating conditions (p = 0.002). Similarly, male patients had significantly less satisfactory conditions than female patients (p = 0.004). Some anthropometric measurements were significantly different between the patients in Nepal and those in Hong Kong. There were also sex-related anthropometric differences. It is suggested that differences in response to vecuronium could be explained by differences in distribution volume and muscle mass
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 42 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 39 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A defect in a piped medical gas supply resulted in a patient developing cyanosis. The following investigation revealed several faults which are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The current attitude of conservators towards restoration is to preserve objects and materials in the condition as they are but without attempting to restore them ‘as new’. Museum objects have generally ceased to serve their original utilitarian function but have become objects for study, information and inspiration. Conservation and restoration are discussed in relation to anaesthetic exhibits. Conservation is the prevention, detection, containment, control and recovery but risk avoidance and monitoring hopefully will lessen the need for conservation. Some objects such as rubber and plastic items are, by their very nature, prone to ageing, accident and mistreatment. Cleaning and maintenance may lead to loss of original detail and is ‘an act of critical interpretation’. Reshaping of distorted objects and repair of broken pieces can sometimes be justified but, in other work, the actual restoration may become part of the object's history that should not be lost in trying to restore something to a presumed earlier state. The mind interprets images by reference to earlier patterns and so imperfections, if not disguised, may be unduly distracting. Museums exist for information, evidence, enlightenment and even entertainment. Conservation must serve these purposes and is not an end in its own right. The professional actions of the conservator must be governed by a total respect for physical, historic, and aesthetic integrity but this must be interpreted widely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 31 (1976), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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