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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Case 25 application of the concentration parameter of seismoactive faults to Southern California (1997)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 149 (1997), S. 129-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we evaluate the present state of the seismic regime in Southern California using the concentration parameter of seismogenic faults (K sf ,Sobolev andZavyalov, 1981). The purpose of this work is to identify potential sites for large earthquakes during the next five or ten years. The data for this study derived from the California Institute of Technology's catalog of southern California earthquakes, and spanned the period between 1932 to June 1982. We examined events as small asM L ≥1.8 but used a magnitude cutoff atM L =3.3 for a detailed analysis. The size of the target earthquakes (M M ) was chosen as 5.3 and 5.8. The algorithm for calculatingK sf used here was improved over the algorithm described bySobolev andZavyalov (1981) in that it considered the seismic history of each elementary seismoactive volume. The dimensions of the elementary seismoactive volumes were 50 km×50 km and 20 km deep. We found that the mean value ofK sf within 6 months prior to the target events was 6.1±2.0 for target events withM L ≥5.3 and 5.4≥1.8 for targets withM L ≥5.8. Seventy-three percent of the targets withM L ≥5.8 occurred in areas whereK sf was less than 6.1. The variance of the time between the appearance of areas with lowK sf values and the following main shocks was quite large (from a few months to ten years) so this parameter cannot be used here for accurate predictions of occurrence time. Regions where the value ofK sf was below 6.1 at the end of our data set (June, 1982) are proposed as the sites of target earthquakes during the next five to ten years. The most dangerous area is the area east of San Bernardino whereK sf values are presently between 2.9 and 3.7 and where there has been no earthquake withM L ≥5.3 since 1948.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00945164
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tetanus Toxin and Botulinum A and C Neurotoxins Inhibit Noradrenaline Release from Cultured Mouse Brain (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 51 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Primary nerve cell cultures from the brainstem of embryonic mice take up [3H]noradrenaline. Release can be evoked by high K+ or sea anemone toxin II and depends on Ca2+. The cultures allow neurochemical studies on the long-term actions of clostridial neurotoxins. Tetanus and botulinum A and C neurotoxins partially inhibit the absolute and fractional release evoked by high K+, as well as the fractional basal release. The detection limit for the toxins is below 5 pM. Total radioactivity is higher in the poisoned cultures, although the initial velocity of uptake is not measurably influenced by tetanus or botulinum A toxin. Pretreatment with neuraminidase prevents the effects of botulinum A toxin and diminishes those of botulinum C and tetanus toxins. Within 6 days, the cultures partially recover from tetanus toxin poisoning. Antitoxin prevents the actions of the toxin, but only slightly promotes recovery. The data indicate close pharmacological analogies between the clostridial neurotoxins.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb01069.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interaction Between Tetanus Toxin and Rabbit Kidney: A Comparison with Rat Brain Preparations (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: 125I-Tetanus toxin is bound by basolateral membranes from rabbit kidneys. Fixation is specific, as it is minimally inhibited by the nonbinding (fragment B) moiety of tetanus toxin, whereas the binding moiety (fragment C) is equivalent to the native toxin in inhibiting fixation. Competition is also pronounced with mildly toxoided toxin. Association and dissociation of 125I-toxin are delayed in kidney when compared to brain membranes. The binding sites in kidney membranes are partially sensitive to neuraminidase and resist heating to 56°C, in contrast to those in brain membranes which are very sensitive to both treatments. The binding sites of the two preparations can be discriminated further by variation of the ionic environment. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis followed by transfer to nitrocellulose, and TLC with consecutive overlay indicate that tetanus toxin exclusively binds to long-chain gangliosides from rat brain. Binding sites in kidney membranes from rabbits and rats can be made visible by the overlay technique. They are apparently heterogeneous and more hydrophobic. We conclude that rabbit kidney contains binding sites for tetanus toxin which resemble gangliosides but differ from the major gangliosides in brain both chemically and with respect to their interaction with tetanus toxin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb00641.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tetanus and Botulinum Toxins Inhibit, and Black Widow Spider Venom Stimulates the Release of Methionine-Enkephalin-Like Material In Vitro (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 41 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The actions of tetanus toxin, botulinum A toxin, and black widow spider venom on the release of methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity have been studied; a particulate fraction prepared from rat striata was used. Depending on the duration of preincubation, tetanus toxin diminished the release evoked by veratri-dine (50 μM final concentration), and abolished it at final concentrations between 0.1 and 1 μg/ml. Botulinum A toxin was about 10 to 20 times less potent. Heating or pretreatment with antitoxin inactivated the clostridial toxins. The particulate fraction pretreated with V. cholerae neuraminidase retained its toxin sensitivity. Tetanus toxin also depressed the release due to sea anemone toxin II and high K+. Spider venom stimulated the release in a concentration-dependent manner and required the presence of Ca2+; its effects were depressed by tetanus toxin. These results support the view that both clostridial toxins and spider venom act as broad-range presynaptic neurotoxins on peptidergic transmitter systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb04755.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GANGLIOSIDES IN NERVOUS TISSUE CULTURES AND BINDING OF 125I-LABELLED TETANUS TOXIN, A NEURONAL MARKER (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract— —Continuous cell lines, primary cell cultures derived from embryonic CNS, and homogenates made from adult and embryonic CNS were compared with respect to their lipid pattern and their ability to bind 125I-labelled tetanus toxin. In parallel experiments de novo synthesis of gangliosides in the cell lines was studied, using [14C]glucosamine as precursor. Of the total lipid only gangliosides were specifically labelled by [14C]glucosamine. The patterns of the de novo synthesized gangliosides corresponded to those present in the respective cells.Pronounced binding of 125I-labelled toxin was only detectable in tissues containing long-chain gangliosides (ganglioside C which represents GDIb and GTI).Accordingly, hybrid (neuroblastoma x glioma) cells, due to their lack of long-chain gangliosides, bound just-discernible amounts of labelled toxin. When previously exposed to gangliosides, their binding of tetanus toxin tremendously increased.It was concluded that only the long-chain gangliosides in the neuronal cells are functionally involved in the binding of the tetanus toxin and that these acceptors of tetanus toxin can be transplanted.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb09626.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    BINDING CHARACTERISTICS OF 125I-LABELLED TETANUS TOXIN TO PRIMARY TISSUE CULTURES FROM MOUSE EMBRYONIC CNS (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract— The interaction of 125I-labelled tetanus toxin with cells in tissue cultures derived from embryonic CNS has been studied.The optimum toxin binding occurs about 2–3 weeks after transfer of the cells to culture conditions. The amount of label bound per culture was doubled at this time in comparison to the fourth day nfter inoculation.The amount of toxin bound depends on the concentration applied. It reaches its maximum 8 h after application then decreases slowly. Low amounts of radioactivity were still detectable 97 h after washing off the unbound toxin. Up to 80% of the label can be replaced by simultaneous application of‘cold’toxin. Fixation of the toxin is higher at 4°C than at 37°C.Preincubation of the cultures with neuraminidase prevents about 75% of the binding. The presence of cytochalasin B leads to a small but reproducible decrease of binding, whereas colchicine had no measurable effect.The radioactive (1251) material was identified by a double-isotope technique in disc gel electrophoresis before and after reductive cleavage of its disulphide bonds. In every test is was indistinguishable from 131I-labelled toxin added as standard.Our results largely parallel those obtained with synaptosomes and other systems. They suggest that gangliosides might be the acceptor molecules, and that the culture system will be suitable for studying the actions of this toxin in vitro.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb06516.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine (Bay K 8644) Facilitates Calcium-Dependent [3H]Noradrenaline Release from PC 12 Cells (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 42 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: The effects of the novel 1,4-dihydropyridine Bay K 8644 [methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-pyridine-5-carboxylate] on the release of [3H]noradrenaline in cultured PC 12 cells were investigated. K+ in a concentration-dependent manner evoked 3H-transmitter release with an EC50 of 50-56 mM. Bay K 8644 at 30 nM potentiated the K+-evoked [3H]noradrenaline release; however, in the absence of calcium neither K+ evoked nor Bay K 8644 enhanced [3H]noradrenaline release. At a K+ concentration of 25 mM, Bay K 8644 stimulated [3H]noradrenaline release fivefold, with an EC50 of 10 nM, and 100 nM of the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine shifted the concentration response curve of Bay K 8644 to the right in an apparently competitive fashion. Nitrendipine blocked the Bay K 8644-potentiated release with an EC50 of 700 nM in the presence of 500 nM Bay K 8644. [3H]Nitrendipine bound to a saturable population of binding sites on PC 12 cell membranes with a Bmax of 180 fmol μmg-1 of membrane protein and a KD of 0.9 nM. Bay K 8644 inhibited [3H]nitrendipine binding with a K1 of 16 nM. It is concluded that Bay K 8644 binds to, and stabilizes, the open state of calcium channels and thus acts as a “calcium agonist” to mediate calcium-dependent cellular events such as catecholamine release from PC 12 cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12729.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INHIBITORS OF KALLIKREIN AND OTHER PROTEINASES FROM ANIMAL BLOOD (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 146 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb20308.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SNAKE VENOMS, KALLIKREINS, AND KININOGEN (1963)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 104 (1963), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17658.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Altered sperm function or sperm antibodies are not associated with chlamydial antibodies in infertile men with leucocytospermia (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 12 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Leucocytospermia, defined as a concentration of more than 106 leucocytes/ml of seminal fluid in patients without clinical symptoms due to an adnexitis, is seen in about 10% of patients in an infertility department. Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is possibly relevant as other pathogenic bacteria were not cultured from the semen in significant numbers.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉SettingUniversity Clinic, Department of Andrology.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉PatientsTwo hundred and seven patients attending the department for male infertility investigation.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsAnalysis on each semen sample included determination of leucocyte count and the MAR test for the detection of sperm antibodies. Chlamydial antibodies in semen were determined using an on-slide enzyme immunoassay.〈section xml:id="abs1-6"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsNo differences between leucocyte counts in patients with and without chlamydial antibodies were detected. In addition, no differences in the sperm parameters or results of MAR-tests in these two groups was seen. There were no correlations between the leucocyte count and sperm parameters, including the MAR-test results.〈section xml:id="abs1-7"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsWe conclude that antibodies to chlamydiae in semen are not associated with leucocytospermia. Leucocytospermia per se does not appear to be significant for the sperm functions and immune responses to sperm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1999.tb00803.x
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