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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 4652-4652 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 12 (1973), S. 4570-4574 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 77 (1955), S. 767-768 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 88 (1966), S. 190-192 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Buprenorphine ; Rat adjuvant arthritis ; Osteoclasts Bone resorption ; Inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have examined the effect of the μ-opioid analgesic buprenorphine on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro and in the rat adjuvant arthritis model. In the bone slice assay buprenorphine inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption with an IC50 of 1 μM. This effect was not mimicked by the μ-opioid agonist ([D-Ala,N-Me-Phe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin and was not prevented by the μ-opioid antagonist naloxone. Since other agents that inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin prevent bone erosion in the rat adjuvant arthritis model, we also examined the effect of buprenorphine in this model. Surprisingly, buprenorphine exacerbated inflammation measured by paw volume and increased joint destruction assessed by X-ray scores, in the injected paws and particularly in the non-injected paws. These studies also show that attempts to ameliorate animal suffering in this chronic model by using centrally acting analgesics such as buprenorphine may lead to complications in interpreting screening results obtained with novel, potential anti-arthritic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 1-9 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Bone resorption ; Molecular mechanism ; Regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this article we have overviewed recent important advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in osteoclastic bone resorption. Specifically, new findings relating to osteoclast activation and the process of bone resorption are reviewed and a current overall model of how osteoclasts resorb bone is presented. Controversial research topics concerning the regulation of osteoclast activity are also critically discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 230-233 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Gold salts ; Osteoclasts ; Bone resorption ; Rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Loss of bone mass is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is increasingly considered to be due to the increased activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Gold salts such as auranofin (AF), aurothioglucose (ATG) and aurothiomalate (ATM) have beneficial therapeutic effects in RA, but their mechanisms(s) of action is not well understood. In the present study we have examined the effects of these 3 gold salts on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro, using the bone slice assay where bovine cortical bone slices are resorbed by osteoclasts disaggregated from the long bones of neonatal rats. All 3 gold salts inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption with IC50 values of AF=0.1 μg/ml, ATG and ATM=1 μg/ml. All 3 compounds caused a decreased survival of osteoclasts on bone slices at high concentrations indicating a cytotoxic effect that was also observed in a cytotoxicity assay with osteoblast-like UMR-106 cells. Preincubation of bone slices with various concentrations of AF followed by extensive washing prior to use in the bone slice assay also resulted in an inhibition of bone resorption (IC50=4 μg/ml) and osteoclast survival on the bone slices preincubated with high concentrations of AF was decreased. Since these effects were obtained with therapeutic concentrations of gold salts, these results indicate that inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption by gold salts may, at least in part, account for their beneficial effects in RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 574-577 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Blood glucose ; screening ; diabetes mellitus ; impaired glucose tolerance ; seasonal variation ; diurnal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood glucose screening results, obtained using two different screening procedures, are reported from two occupational groups. Post-prandial blood glucose levels were measured in 3346 subjects aged 45 years or more employed by the Greater London Council/Inner London Education Authority. In women, mean blood glucose levels were higher in the afternoon than the morning (p〈0.05). Ninety-fifth centile levels were substantially higher in the afternoon in both sexes, though the differences were not constant in all age and sex sub-groups. In both sexes mean glucose levels were highest in the winter (December–February, inclusive), but seasonal variation did not significantly affect the proportion exceeding the ninety-fifth centile for the total population. In the Whitehall study, the blood glucose was measured in men, in the morning, 2h after a 50-g glucose load. Significant seasonal variation in mean blood glucose values occurred, with highest values in winter and lowest in spring (March–May, inclusive). However, there was no significant difference by season in the proportions exceeding the arbitrary cut-off levels of 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 60-68 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium phosphate ; Osteocyte ; Electron microscope ; Electron probe ; Osteolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Nous avons administé 0,6 mg de Dihydrotachystérol à des rats, à raison de 2×0,1 mg par semaine. Les observations suivantes on été faites au moyen du microscope électronique et du radioanalyseur à microsonde électronique. 1. La gaine mucopolysaccharidique péri-ostéocytaire est nettement élargie ches les animaux traités; elle contient un matériel de haute densité électronique constitué de fines particules arrondies ou allongées, variables quant à la quantité et la répartition; 2. La microanalyse met en évidence, dans la gaine péri-ostéocytaire, das quantités considérables de calcium et de phosphore. Le rapport Ca/P peut atteindre celui de l'apatite pure. Nous considérons les particules dérites comme des germes de nucléation de phosphate de calcium. Nous pensons que par suite d'une augmentation pathologique du métabolisme calcique, des sels calciques sont libérés à partir de la substance minéralisée entourant la lacune ostéocytaire, en quantités telles qu'ils deviennent morphologiquement apparents dans la gaine péricellulaire.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ratten wurden mit 0,6 mg Dihydrotachysterin (0,1 mg zweimal wöchentlich) behandelt. Dabei wurden mit Hilfe des Elektronenmikroskops und der elektronenmikroskopischen Elektronentrahl-Mikroanalyse folgende Befunde erhoben: 1. Bei den behandelten Tieren war die periosteocytäre Mucopolysaccharidscheide deutlich verbreitert. Sie enthielt, in wechselnder Menge und Verteilung, kleine rundliche oder nadelförmige, elektronendichte Partikel. 2. Mit der elektronenmikroskopischen Elektronentrahl-Mikroanalyse konnten in der Zell-scheide große Mengen von Calcium und Phosphor nachgewiesen werden. Das Verhältnis Ca/P kann die Werte reinen Apatits erreichen. Wir halten die elektronendichten Partikel für Calciumphosphat-Keime. Im Rahmen eines pathologisch gesteigerten Calciumstoffwechsels werden Calciumsalze in solchen Mengen aus der die Osteocytenhöhle umgebenden mineralisierten Grundsubstanz freigesetzt, daß sie morphologisch nachweisbar werden.
    Notes: Abstract Rats were treated with 0.6 mg (0.1 mg twice a week) of dihydrotachysterol and the following electron microscopic and electron-probe X-ray microanalytical findings were made: 1. The periosteocytic mucopolysaccharide sheath is definitely enlarged in the treated animals. In it were found, in variable quantities and distribution, collections of round or needle-shaped electron-dense particles. 2. By electron-probe X-ray microanalysis, high concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were detected in the cell sheath, where the Ca/P ratio may reach the value of pure apatite. The electron-dense particles are considered to be calcium phosphate nuclei. It is postulated that in consequence of the pathologically increased calcium turnover, calcium salts are set free from the mineralized matrix surrounding the osteocyte lacuna in such quantities as to become morphologically detectable in the cell sheath.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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