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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1241-1243 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 2218-2220 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 516-519 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy — Transplant recipients — Registry — Conversion rate — Acute cholecystitis — Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a group of transplant recipients were reviewed to determine the safety and efficacy of the procedure in the setting of immunosuppression. Methods: All solid-organ-transplant recipients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 3-year period were reviewed. Indication for operation, conversion to open procedure, length of stay, and complications were characterized. These results were compared to the registry data of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at the same institution. Results: There were 26 transplant patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy including renal, heart, double lung, and heart-lung recipients. The mean age was 47 years. Symptomatic cholelithiasis was the most common indication in 73% of patients followed by acute cholecystitis in 11%. Seven patients (27%) underwent conversion to an open procedure. Three patients (11.5%) experienced a minor complication in hospital. Median length of stay was 2.5 days. One patient died during a subsequent unrelated operation. These results compared favorably to the registry experience at the same institution where the mean age was 49 years, 24% of cases were performed for acute cholecystitis, there was a 10% complication rate, median length of stay was 2 days, and 3 deaths occurred in hospital. The only statistically significant difference was a lower conversion rate (11% vs 27%) in the registry vs transplant group. Conclusions: This experience confirms that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is as safe in the transplant population as the general population. Despite a slightly higher conversion rate to an open procedure, the advantages of short hospital stay, low morbidity, and early return to preoperative routines remain equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 10 (1996), S. 516-519 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Transplant recipients ; Registry ; Conversion rate ; Acute cholecystitis ; Immunosuppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: The results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a group of transplant recipients were reviewed to determine the safety and efficacy of the procedure in the setting of immunosuppression. Methods: All solid-organ-transplant recipients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy over a 3-year period were reviewed. Indication for operation, conversion to open procedure, length of stay, and complications were characterized. These results were compared to the registry data of all laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed at the same institution. Results: There were 26 transplant patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy including renal, heart, double lung, and heart-lung recipients. The mean age was 47 years. Symptomatic cholelithiasis was the most common indication in 73% of patients followed by acute cholecystitis in 11%. Seven patients (27%) underwent conversion to an open procedure. Three patients (11.5%) experienced a minor complication in hospital. Median length of stay was 2.5 days. One patient died during a subsequent unrelated operation. These results compared favorably to the registry experience at the same institution where the mean age was 49 years, 24% of cases were performed for acute cholecystitis, there was a 10% complication rate, median length of stay was 2 days, and 3 deaths occurred in hospital. The only statistically significant difference was a lower conversion rate (11% vs 27%) in the registry vs transplant group. Conclusions: This experience confirms that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is as safe in the transplant population as the general population. Despite a slightly higher conversion rate to an open procedure, the advantages of short hospital stay, low morbidity, and early return to preoperative routines remain equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Properties of Cesium Hydroxide Monohydrate, a Compound Characterized by Layered [H3O2-] Polyanions in its High Temperature FormCesium hydroxide monohydrate, which was formed at the synthesis of cesium hydride as a by-product, was obtained in form of single crystals by recrystallization from ammonia in high pressure autoclaves. Temperature dependent X-ray structure investigations and measurements of the specific heat show the occurance of several modifications. At 293 K X-ray data prove that it is possible to distinguish between OH- ions and H2O molecules. This can also be confirmed by IR spectroscopy. At 355 K and 400 K the investigations on single crystals show layered [H3O2-] polyanions, which are separated by layers of cesium ions in a hexagonal unit cell.
    Notes: Caesiumhydroxidmonohydrat, dessen Bildung als Nebenprodukt bei der Synthese von Caesiumhydrid beobachtet wurde, konnte in Form von Einkristallen durch Umkristallisieren aus Ammoniak in Hochdruckautoklaven erhalten werden. Temperaturabhängige röntgenographische Strukturuntersuchungen sowie Messungen der spezifischen Wärme lassen mehrere Modifikationswechsel erkennen. Bei 293 K ist noch eine Unterscheidung von OH--Ionen und H2O-Molekülen gegeben, ein Befund, den auch IR-spektroskopische Messungen bestätigen. Bei 355 und 400 K lassen die Untersuchungen an Einkristallen mit hexagonaler Metrik schichtenförmige [H3O2-]-Polyanionen erkennen, die durch Caesiumionen getrennt sind.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 546 (1987), S. 48-54 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Twisted Tetrahedra Chains ∞1[Li(NH2)4/2-] in the Structure of the Hexagonal Modification of Cesium Lithium Amide, CsLi(NH2)2The ternary amides, CsLi(NH2)2 (dimorphous) and CsLi2(NH2)3, were prepared by reaction of the metals with ammonia in high pressure autoclaves. The structure of the hexagonal modification of CsLi(NH2)2 was established inclusive the hydrogen atom positions from single crystal x-ray data. The compound crystallizes in the space group P6222 with N = 3. The lattice parameters are a = 6.331(1) Å and c = 8.410(1) Å.Lithium ions occupy distorted nitrogen tetrahedra. These tetrahedra are connected by translocated edges along [001]. The cesium ions combine the equally oriented chains ∞1[Li(NH2)4/2-]. The amide ions are twisted out of the hexagonal aa-plane. If we assume sp3-hybridized valence electrons of the nitrogen atoms the bonding interaction between free electron pairs and lithium ions are thereby strenghtened.
    Notes: Ternäre Amide im System CsNH2/LiNH2—CsLi(NH2)2 (dimorph) und CsLi2(NH2)3 - wurden durch Umsetzung der Metalle mit NH3 in Hochdruckautoklaven dargestellt.Die Struktur der hexagonalen Form von CsLi(NH2)2 wurde aus Röntgenbeugungsintensitäten eines Einkristalls einschließlich der H-Atom-Lagen bestimmt. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P6222 mit Z = 3 und den Gitterkonstanten a = 6,331(1) Å und c = 8,410(1) Å.Die Lithiumionen befinden sich in verzerrten Stickstofftetraedern. Diese bilden über transständige Kanten längs [001] Ketten. Die Caesiumionen verknüpfen die gleichsinnig orientierten Ketten ∞1[Li(NH2)4/2-]. Die Amidionen sind aus der hexagonalen aa-Ebene gedreht. Bei einer sp3-Hybridisierung der Valenzelektronen der Stickstoffatome wird dadurch die Wechselwirkung zwischen freien Elektronenpaaren und den Lithiumionen begünstigt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 546 (1987), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Potassium Sodium Sulphide, KNaS: A New Inter Alkali Metal SulphideHitherto unknown KNaS has been prepared by annealing a mixture of Na2S and K2S. X-ray single crystal structure determination has been performed. The hygroscopic, colorless compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma (Z = 4) with the lattice parameters a = 770.3(1), b = 460.4(1), c = 829.3(1) pm. Refining of the structure lead to a least squares residue of 0.035. KNaS is isostructural to PbCl2. The S2- are hexagonally closest-packed. Sulphur tetrahedra occupied by sodium ions share cis-located edges forming chains interconnected by vertices. The K+ are situated out of the center of octahedral sites diminishing the repulsion of the distinct metal ions. The new description of the PbCl2-type structure is corroborated by group-subgroup analysis.
    Notes: Bislang unbekanntes KNaS wurde durch Tempern eines Gemenges von Na2S und K2S dargestellt. Das farblose, hygroskopische Sulfid kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pnma (Z = 4) mit a = 770,3(1) pm, b = 460,4(1) pm und c = 829,3(1) pm. Die Struktur wurde über Röntgenbeugung an Einkristallen bestimmt (R = 0,035). KNaS ist antiisotyp mit PbCl2. Die Anionen S2- bilden eine verzerrt hexagonal dichteste Kugelpackung. NaS4-Tetraeder sind über cisständige Kanten zu Ketten verknüpft, die untereinander über Spitzen verbunden sind. Die K+ befinden sich in den Oktaederlücken und sind zur Verminderung der elektrostatischen Abstoßung von den Na+ aus deren Zentren gerückt. Die Gruppe-Untergruppe-Analyse unterstützt die neuartige Beschreibung der PbCl2-Struktur.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 969-976 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: AuTa14S2 ; tantalum sulfides ; crystal structure ; metal icosahedra ; tetrahedral close packed structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: AuTa14S2 - Centred (Au,Ta)13 Icosahedra Organized According to the Motif of a Cubic Close PackingThe tantalum-rich phases of composition AuxTa15-xS2 (0.4 〈 x 〈 1.1) were prepared by arc-melting of appropriate compressed mixtures (Au, Ta, Ta1.35S2) and subsequent annealing of the samples in sealed molydenum crucibles. Brittle crystals with silver lustre were grown in tantalum ampoules at 1 700 K within two days using iodine as a chemical transport agent.In contrast to Vegard's rule the lattice parameters of the rhombohedral phases which are isostructural with Pd15P2, shrink with increasing gold content. The structures were determined from Rietveld fits of powder X-ray diffraction spectra and confirmed by a crystal structure analysis of a merohedral twinned crystal of Au0.7Ta14.3S2: a = 747.7(2) pm, α = 59.84(2)°, R3, Z = 1, 760 reflections (F2 〉 2σ(F2)), 30 variables, R(F) = 0.048. The parts of the volumina of the domains with distinct orientations are 0.346(4) and 0.654.Topologically the structure corresponds to a cubic close packed arrangement of Ta12-icosahedra with all non-tetrahedral interstices being filled. Gold accumulates preferentially in the centres of the icosahedra. The remaining metal atoms - two per formula and site - populate the „octahedral sites“ which are encased in stretched polyhedra limited by 32 triangulated faces. The „tetrahedral sites“ are occupied by the sulfur atoms which themselves have a ninefold, triangulated tetrakaidecahedral coordination. The complete occupation of interstices together with the specific orientation of the gold stabilized icosahedral (Au,Ta)13-clusters ensure a tetrahedral close packing of all atoms. The distortions of the packing are quantitatively analysed in terms of dihedral angles and deviations of the tetrahedral edge lengths from the mean and are compared with those of other tcp structures.
    Notes: Die tantalreichen Phasen AuxTa15-xS2 (0,4 〈 x 〈 1,1) wurden durch Aufschmelzen entsprechender Gemenge von Ta1,35S2 und den Metallen und nachfolgendes Tempern der Reguli in zugeschweißten Molybdäntiegeln hergestellt. Silbern glänzende, spröde Kristalle der neuen Phase wurden mit Iod als chemischem Transportmittel in einer Tantalampulle bei 1 700 K in 2 Tagen gezüchtet.Die Gitterkonstanten der rhomboedrisch kristallisierenden, mit Pd15P2 isostrukturellen Phasen kontrahieren mit zunehmendem Goldgehalt. Die Struktur wurde über Rietveld-Anpassungen von Röntgen-Diffraktogrammen bestimmt und durch die Strukturverfeinerung eines meroedrisch verzwillingten Kristalls der Zusammensetzung Au0,7Ta14,3S2 bestätigt: a = 747,7(2) pm, α = 59,84(2)°, R3, Z = 1, 760 Reflexe (F2 〉 2σ(F2)), 30 Variable, R(F) = 0,048. Die Volumenanteile der unterschiedlich orientierten Domänen sind 0,346(4) und 0,654.Die Struktur entspricht topologisch einer kubisch dichten Packung von Ta12-Ikosaedern, in der alle, nicht von Tetraedern eingeschlossenen Hohlräume von Atomen besetzt sind: Gold reichert sich bevorzugt im Zentrum der Ikosaeder an, die verbleibenden zwei Metallatome, die sich im Innern eines gestreckten, von Dreiecken begrenzten 32-Flächners befinden, besetzen die „Oktaederlücken“. In den „Tetraederlücken“ befinden sich die Schwefelatome. Sie sind neunfach tetrakaidekaedrisch von Tantalatomen koordiniert. Die durch Gold stabilisierten (Au,Ta)13-Cluster sind so zueinander orientiert, daß sie zusammen mit den Atomen in den anderen Lücken eine tetraedrisch dicht gepackte (tcp-) Struktur bilden, deren Verzerrungsgrad über eine Analyse der Diederwinkel und Kantenlängen der Tetraeder quantifiziert und mit dem anderer tcp-Strukturen verglichen wird.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 544 (1987), S. 55-73 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Bonding Conditions in Crystalline Phases of CsOH and CsODThe crystalline phases of CsOH and CsOD have been investigated between 23 K and the melting point by x-ray and neutron diffraction experiments as well as by calorimetric, IR, and Ramanspectroscopic measurements. For crystal data see „Inhaltsübersicht“.In the modification stable at low temperatures which resembles a TlI-type like structure the charge-asymmetric hydroxide ions are onedimensional hydrogen bonded. Certain forms of movements of the anions occur by warming up. In the high temperature NnC1-type structure the anions rotate quasi freely.The results of the various methods of investigation of the alkali metal hydroxides in the solid state are discussed with respect to the chemical bonding in these compounds.
    Notes: Die kristallinen Phasen von CsOH und CsOD wurden zwischen 23 K und dem Schmelzpunkt mit Röntgen- und Neutronenbeugungsexperimenten sowie mit kalorimetrischen, IR- und Ramanspektroskopischen Messungen untersucht:In CsOD (TlI-typ) bilden die ladungsasymmetrischen Hydroxidionen bei tiefen Temperaturen eindimensional unendliche Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen aus. Bei Erwärmen werden diese gelöst. Es treten unterschiedliche Formen von Anionenbewegungen auf. In der NaCl-Hochtemperaturform rotiert das Hydroxidion quasifrei.Die mit den verschiedenartigen Meßmethoden erzielten Ergebnisse lassen Schlüsse auf die Bindungsverhältnisse in den festen Alkalimetallhydroxidphasen zu. Sie werden zusammenfassend diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Substitution in Layers of Cations in Lithium Amide: Potassium Trilithium Amide, KLi3(NH2)4, and Potassium Heptalithium Amide, KLi7(NH2)8Four ternary amides were characterized in the system KNH2/LiNH2 by x-ray techniques: K2Li(NH2)3 (dimorphous), KLi(NH2)2, KLi3(NH2)4, and KLi7(NH2)8. The compounds were prepared by the reaction of ammonia with the metals in high-pressure autoclaves.The atomic arrangements of the potassium-poor amides, KLi3(NH2)4, and KLi7(NH2)8 which have been investigated by x-ray single crystal analysis are discussed: Layers of edge sharing aniontetrahedra occupied to three quarters by lithium are the dominating structural feature. These layers - ∞2[Li3(NH2)4-]  -  are primitively stacked in such a manner that potassium occupies quadratic prismatic sites. In KLi7(NH2)8 the layers are connected alternatively by lithium in tetrahedral sites and potassium in an eightfold coordination. The ordered distribution of the cations is controlled by the orientation of amide ions.KLi3(NH2)4 can structure-geometricly be considered as a further example of an “ordered defect structure” of the ThCr2Si2 type structure.
    Notes: Durch röntgenographische Phasenanalyse konnten im System KNH2/LiNH2 vier ternäre Amide nachgewiesen werden: K2Li(NH2)3 (dimorph), KLi(NH2)2, KLi3(NH2)4 und KLi7(NH2)8. Die Verbindungen entstehen bei der Umsetzung der Metalle mit Ammoniak in Hochdruckautoklaven.Hier werden die an Einkristallen durch Röntgenbeugung ermittelten Atomanordnungen der kaliumarmen Amide, KLi3(NH2)4 und KLi7(NH2)8 vorgestellt: Als Strukturelement fallen Anionentetraederschichten auf, deren Lücken wie im LiNH2 zu dreiviertel mit Lithium besetzt sind. Die Baugruppen - ∞2[Li3(NH2)4-] -  sind im KLi3(NH2)4 in primitiver Abfolge durch Kalium in quadratisch prismatischer Anionenumgebung verknüpft. Im KLi7(NH2)8 erfolgt der elektrostatische Zusammenhalt alternierend durch tetraedrisch koordinierte Lithium- und achtfach koordinierte Kaliuminonen. Die geordnete Verteilung der Kationen wird über die Ausrichtung der Amidionen gesteuert. KLi3(NH2)4 kann strukturgeometrisch als ein weiterer Vertreter einer „geordneten Defektstruktur“ des ThCr2Si2-Typs betrachtet werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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