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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demographic reductions and genetic bottlenecks in humans: minisatellite allele distributions in oceania (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Polynesians have lower heterozygosities at minisatellite VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) loci than have Melanesians; this has been taken as evidence of population-size bottlenecks during the colonisation of Polynesia. We have analysed the allelic distribution of several minisatellite loci in the population of Rapa, a Polynesian island that is known to have undergone a demographic reduction of approximately 95% since first contact with European explorers 200 years ago, leaving a surviving population of 120. We found that the minisatellite diversity of this population does not differ significantly from that of other Polynesian populations, and appears consistent with the neutral expectation of diversity assuming the infinite alleles model. This suggests that the demographic crisis that Rapa underwent did not perturb the allele distribution to the extent that the tests used here could detect. Thus we cannot say that a demographic change of this magnitude constitutes a genetic bottleneck detectable at these loci. The reduced diversity seen in Polynesia must therefore be explained either by more severe bottlenecks as might be expected during colonisation, or else by other causes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217769
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that banana bunchy top virus has a multiple component genome (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 137 (1994), S. 371-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 93 nucleotide sequence was found to be strongly conserved between two ssDNA genomic components of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). Two outwardly extending degenerate primers were designed from this sequence and used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA extracted from purified BBTV virions. PCR amplified products consisting of at least seven distinct bands all approximately 1 kb and possibly representing full-length BBTV dsDNA were resolved. The PCR amplified products were cloned and the clones screened by restriction enzyme analysis. Four distinct restriction analysis groups were identified. These results confirm that the genome of BBTV contains at least five components and that it belongs to a previously undescribed group of plant viruses which may also contain subterranean clover stunt virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309482
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence diversity in the coat protein coding region of twelve sugarcane mosaic potyvirus isolates from Australia, USA and South Africa (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 143 (1998), S. 1145-1153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  We have sequenced the coat protein (CP) coding region of 11 field isolates of SCMV from Australia, USA and South Africa. The differences between the nucleotide sequences of the isolates was 0.2 to 4.1% and the encoded amino acid sequences differed by 0.0 to 3.5%. Phylogenetic analysis of the CP coding sequences of the SCMV isolates and the related potyviruses SCMV-MDB, JGMV, SrMV, MDMV-A and PVY showed that the SCMV isolates formed a tightly clustered group, with SCMV-MDB forming a separate branch. This indicated that (i) the SCMV isolates are of one strain (SCMV-A) and not geographically distinct species and (ii) SCMV-MDB is clearly distinct, and may represent another potyvirus species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050362
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression, purification, and use as an antigen of recombinant sugarcane mosaic virus coat protein (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 140 (1995), S. 1817-1831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A high titre (1:10000) antiserum was raised in a rabbit against the coat protein of sugarcane mosaic potyvirus (SCMV), by injecting a preparation of recombinant coat protein purified from a fusion protein expressed inE. coli. The fusion protein consisted of theMalE maltose binding protein (MBP) and the viral coat protein separated by the protease factor Xa cleavage site. The fusion protein was encoded by the plasmid pMAL-cCPM, which was constructed by cloning a modified coat protein gene to the 3′ end of the MBP/factor Xa coding region. The coat protein gene was modified by site-directed mutagenesis so that the ATG start codon in the original construct was replaced by the codon AGC, deleting theNcoI restriction site (C/CATGG) and creating a uniqueEco47III site (AGC/GCT). Endonuclease restriction withEco47III resulted in a DNA fragment with GCT as the first three nucleotides. This triplet encodes alanine, which is the proposed N-terminal amino acid residue of the mature native coat protein. This modified coat protein coding region was ligated directly behind the nucleotide code for the amino acid recognition sequence for factor Xa. Expression was induced with IPTG and the recombinant fusion protein was extracted from the bacterial lysate by amylose resin column affinity chromatography and the two domains separated by factor Xa proteolysis. The coat protein was then purified from the maltose binding protein by ion exchange chromatography in buffer containing 6 M urea. A highly purified sample which contained 150 µg of both full-length and truncated coat proteins, was recovered from a litre of bacterial broth. The antiserum reacted with native coat protein in SCMV-infected sugarcane, and with recombinant coat proteins expressed inE. coli and sugarcane protoplasts with little or no cross-reaction with sugarcane proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384344
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and expression of the coat protein-coding region of banana bract mosaic potyvirus, development of diagnostic assays and detection of the virus in banana plants from five countries in southeast Asia (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 1725-1737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  We have sequenced the entire coat protein (CP)-coding region and 5′ 162 nucleotides of the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of nine different isolates of banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) from five different countries. Further, we have sequenced the 3′ 621 nucleotides of the NIb-coding region of a Philippines isolate. This is the first report of BBrMV in Thailand, Vietnam and Western Samoa. When the sequences of the CP-coding region and 3′ UTR were compared to each other, variability of between 0.3% and 5.6%, and 0.3% and 4.3%, was observed at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the BBrMV isolates did not reveal any relationship between the geographic location of the isolates. The BBrMV CP was expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein and the purified recombinant protein was used to produce a high titre BBrMV-specific polyclonal antiserum. This antiserum was used to develop a F(ab′)2 indirect double antibody sandwich ELISA and compared with immuno-capture PCR (IC-PCR) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays for BBrMV detection. RT-PCR was shown to be the most sensitive test followed by ELISA and IC-PCR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050700
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Banana bunchy top virus DNA-2 to 6 are monocistronic (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 89-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) DNA-3 to 6 have each previously been shown to contain one large open reading frame in the virion sense, whereas no large ORF had been identified in BBTV DNA-2. RNAs transcribed from the BBTV genome were mapped using northern hybridisation and 3′ RACE. One mRNA was transcribed from each of BBTV DNA-2 to 6 and four of these mRNAs mapped to the ORFs previously identified in BBTV DNA-3 to 6. The mRNA of BBTV DNA-2 was transcribed from a virion sense ORF probably using a TATA box sequence different to that in BBTV DNA-1, and DNA-3 to 6. This ORF encoded a 10 kDa protein of unknown function. The 3′ untranslated region of the five mRNAs varied from 25 nucleotides (BBTV DNA-6) to 167 nucleotides (BBTV DNA-4) and each contained putative polyadenylation signals with associated GT rich sequences together with a possible termination signal (C/T/A)TGTAA conserved in all five mRNAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050487
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Banana bunchy top virus DNA-3encodes the viral coat protein (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 142 (1997), S. 1673-1680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) has a multicomponent genome consisting of at least six circular single-stranded DNAs each with a single large open reading frame (ORF) in the virion sense. A protein of approximately 20 kDa has been associated with purified virions and is assumed to be the viral coat protein. The N-terminus of this protein was sequenced and compared to the predicted amino acid sequence of the large ORF of BBTV DNA-1 to 6. This comparison indicated that the ORF of BBTV DNA-3, which potentially encodes a protein of 19.3 kDa, was the coat protein gene of BBTV. The ORF sequence of BBTV DNA-3 was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector, pMAL-c2, and the resulting maltose binding-BBTV coat protein fusion product was purified and used for the production of polyclonal antiserum in a rabbit. The resultant antiserum was able to detect the presence of BBTV in infected leaf tissue confirming that the large virion sense ORF of BBTV DNA-3 encodes the viral coat protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050188
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transformation of Cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA group) cv 'Grand Nain' via microprojectile bombardment (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 229-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Musa ; Banana ; Transformation ; Microprojectile bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An effective method has been developed for the stable transformation and regeneration of Cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA group) cv 'Grand Nain' by microprojectile bombardment. Embryogenic cell suspensions were initiated using immature male flowers as the explant. Cells were co-bombarded with the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) selectable marker gene under the control of a banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) promoter or the CaMV 35S promoter, and either the β-glucuronidase (uidA) reporter gene or BBTV genes under the control of the maize polyubiquitin promoter. Plants were regenerated, under selection with kanamycin, that were co-transformed with nptII and either the uidA or BBTV genes. Molecular characterisation of transformants demonstrated that the transgenes had been stably integrated into the banana genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050004
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minisatellite mutational processes reduce Fst estimates (1999)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 105 (1999), S. 567-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have used a new method for binning minisatellite alleles (semi-automated allele aggregation) and report the extent of population diversity detectable by eleven minisatellite loci in 2689 individuals from 19 human populations distributed widely throughout the world. Whereas population relationships are consistent with those found in other studies, our estimate of genetic differentiation (Fst) between populations is less than 8%, which is lower than comparative estimates of between 10%–15% obtained by using other sources of polymorphism data. We infer that mutational processes are involved in reducing Fst estimates from minisatellite data because, first, the lowest Fst estimates are found at loci showing autocorrelated frequencies among alleles of similar size and, second, Fst declines with heterozygosity but by more than predicted assuming simple models of mutation. These conclusions are consistent with the view that minisatellites are subject to selective or mutational constraints in addition to those expected under simple stepwise mutation models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900185
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taxonomic implications for Fijiviruses based on the terminal sequences of Fiji disease fijivirus (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 2259-2263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The 5′ and 3′ terminal sequences of the plus strand of Fiji disease fijivirus (FDV) segments 2, 3, 9 and 10 possess the conserved terminal sequences, 5′AAGUUUUU… . .CAGCAGAUGUC 3′. The 5′ sequence is identical to that of maize rough dwarf fijivirus (MRDV) and rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus (RBSDV), whereas the FDV 3′ sequence shares the consensus, CAGCNNNNGUC, with MRDV and RBSDV. The FDV terminal sequences, and the amino acid sequences from FDV segment 9, are more closely related to those from MRDV and RBSDV than to those from oat sterile dwarf fijivirus (OSDV) and Nilaparvata lugens reovirus (NLRV; a putative Fijivirus).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050641
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