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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial mitigation of pollutants in acid drainage using decomposable plant material and sludge (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 195-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Acid-drainage ; Bioremediation ; Sewage ; Sulphate-reducing-bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Effects of a clay-lime spiked sewage sludge and fresh decomposable ryegrass on the mitigation of an acid drainage were studied in the laboratory. Treatments (dry ameliorant weight/leachate ratio) were: (1) sludge (air-dried) at rates of 0, 8, 16 and 24%, (2) ryegrass at 0, 1, 1.5 and 2% (dry weight), (3) sludge (at the above-mentioned rates) and 1.5% ryegrass mixture. Measurements of mitigation (according to the criteria of changes in pH, Fe, S, Al and heavy metals) made every 10th day for 100 days showed ryegrass/sludge combination the most effective while sustaining mitigation longest, with or without the influence of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Sulphate and Fe in the acid drainage decreased in the order: sludge+ryegrass〉sludge〉ryegrass by 180, 40, 19; and 96, 83 and 54% respectively, compared with controls. An 11-fold decrease in soluble Al was caused by the highest rate of the combined sludge-ryegrass treatment but Al was doubled by the sludge-only treatment, and only minimally affected (2% reduction) by the ryegrass-only treatment. For the sludge plus ryegrass treatments at the highest rate of application, pH levels increased significantly, from 2.3 to 〉7 units and within 20 days of SRB activation, the concentration of Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn decreased 3-, 15-, 90-, 3- and 50-fold respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000138
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) Enhances BMP-3, BMP-4, and Bone Cell Differentiation Marker Gene Expression During the Induction of Mineralized Bone Matrix Formation in Culturesof Fetal Rat Calvarial Osteoblasts (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 283 -290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: BMP-2 — BMP-3 — BMP-4 — mRNA expression — Paracrine — Bone cell differentiation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Normal bone formation is a prolonged process that is carefully regulated and involves sequential expression of growth regulatory factors by osteoblasts as they proliferate and ultimately differentiate. Since this orderly sequence of gene expression by osteoblasts suggests a cascade effect, and BMP-2 is capable of initiating and maintaining this effect, we examined the effects of BMP-2 on expression of other BMPs and compared these effects with the expression pattern of bone cell differentiation marker genes in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial (FRC) osteoblasts. To examine the gene expression profile during bone cell differentiation and bone formation, we also examined the effects of rBMP-2 on bone formation in vivo and in vitro. rBMP-2 stimulated bone formation on the periosteal surface of mice when 500 ng/day rBMP-2 was injected subcutaneously. When rBMP-2 was added to primary cultures of FRC osteoblasts, it accelerated mineralized nodule formation in a time and concentration-dependent manner (10–40 ng/ml). rBMP-2 (40 ng/ml) enhanced BMP-3 and -4 mRNA expression during the mineralization phase of primary cultures of FRC osteoblasts. Enhancement of BMP-3 and -4 mRNA expression by rBMP-2 was associated with increased expression of bone cell differentiation marker genes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen, osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP), and bone sialoprotein (BSP). These results suggest that BMP-2 enhances expression of other BMP genes during bone cell differentiation. BMP-2 may act in a paracrine fashion in concert with other BMPs it induces to stimulate bone cell differentiation and bone formation during remodeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900230
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance of nest sites in female Columbian ground squirrels (1984)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 15 (1984), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Home ranges, areas of intensive use, and locations of nest sites were determined for female Columbian ground squirrels and their daughters over seven years from a low-density population in southwestern Alberta. Adult females usually retained similar home ranges from year to year. However, they moved their nest sites more often than expected in years when a yearling daughter was present. Core areas and centres of activity also changed when the nest site was moved. Most daughters settled on their natal areas. The relinquishing of nest sites by females to their daughters is seen as a form of parental investment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299375
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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