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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the tricyclic antidepressant drug, nortriptyline on left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular volumes (1987)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 91 (1987), S. 381-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressant agents ; Blood pressure ; Cardiac output ; Heart rate ; Heart ventricle ; Radionuclide imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight patients with major depression but otherwise healthy underwent radionuclide cardiography before and during nortriptyline treatment. The second examination was performed when the nortriptyline plasma concentration was within the therapeutic range (60–150 μg·l−1). Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes, systolic pressure-volume ratio, and cardiac output were determined. Heart rate increased in mean by 13% (P〈0.05). All other variables were unchanged. We conclude that nortriptyline in therapeutic doses produces no major adverse effect on left ventricular function. Routine radionuclide cardiography might be a suitable method to detect among those treated with tricyclic antidepressants the occasional susceptible patient. This may particularly apply to patients with known heart disease and to elderly patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00518196
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immediate haemodynamic effects of propranolol, practolol, pindolol, atenolol and ICI 89,406 in healthy volunteers (1979)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 15 (1979), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: betablocker ; haemodynamics ; cardioselectivity ; impedance cardiography ; intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ; healthy volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Changes in cardiac output, heart rate and arterial blood pressure were determined in 31 healthy volunteers after i. v. administration of equipotent doses of five different adrenergic betareceptor blocking drugs. Propranolol was given to seven subjects, atenolol to five, practolol to seven, pindolol to five, and (a new drug) ICI 89,406 to seven. Each drug was given in six logarithmically spaced doses. Propranolol is non-cardioselective and lacks intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Atenolol, practolol, and ICI 89,406 are cardioselective. Practolol, pindolol, and ICI 89,406 have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Cardiac output was determined by impedance cardiography at supine rest. The dose-response curves for cardiac output and heart rate were of three different types: one obtained after administration of drugs without intrinsic activity, represented by propranolol and atenolol, both of which caused a maximal decrease in cardiac output of about 27%, and in heart rate of about 21%. A second type, obtained after drugs with moderate intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, represented by practolol, showed small but significant decreases in cardiac output of 12%, and in heart rate of 11 per cent. A third type, after drugs with marked intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, was represented by pindolol and ICI 89,406, which did not significantly reduce cardiac output or heart rate. The blood pressure was essentially unchanged in all subjects, even after the largest dose of any of the drugs. It was concluded that the degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity possessed by an adrenergic betareceptor blocking agent is responsible for acute changes in heart rate and cardiac output, and cardioselectivity is of no importance in this respect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618509
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dose-response relationship in normal subjects of prenalterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist with positive inotropic and resistance lowering effects (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 539-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prenalterol ; radionuclide ventriculography ; acute haemadynamic effects ; normal subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute haemodynamic effects of increasing doses of parenterally administered prenalterol — a beta-adrenergic stimulating drug — were assessed in normal subjects by means of radionuclide ventriculography. Prenalterol induced dose-related increases in the left ventricular ejection fraction and the systolic pressure end-systolic volume ratio. Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes decreased to the same extent accounting for an unchanged stroke volume. Cardiac output increased due to a rise in the heart rate. Systolic blood pressure increased, whereas diastolic and mean blood pressure remained unchanged. Calculated total peripheral resistance decreased significantly. The maximum effect of prenalterol on cardiac performance occurred with a dose of 18 to 36 µg/kg. Plasma concentrations of prenalterol showed large interindividual variations. In conclusion, prenalterol improves the pump function of the normal heart and causes a fall in peripheral vascular resistance, implying a reduction of the load on the heart. These effects may prove beneficial in the treatment of acute heart failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00556889
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute and long-term effects of labetalol on systemic and pulmonary haemodynamics in hypertensive patients (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: labetalol ; essential hypertension ; thermodilution ; pulmonary circulation ; haemodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of the combined adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptor blocking compound labetalol on the systemic and pulmonary circulation were studied after its acute and long-term administration to patients with essential hypertension (WHO grade I–II). Nine men and one woman (mean age 46 years) participated in the acute study. Cardiac index, systemic blood pressure, pulmonary artery pressure and heart rate were measured at rest in the supine and upright positions, and during supine exercise at two work loads (50 and 100 watt), before and after intravenous administration of labetalol 50 mg. Eight of the men were re-examined after three months oral treatment with labetalol 600–900 mg daily. In the acute study cardiac index was unchanged by labetalol, except at the work load of 100 watt, when it decreased by 18.7%. The mean blood pressure decreased under all conditions; 11.6 mm Hg at supine rest, 22.3 mm Hg in the upright position, and by 15.9 mm Hg and 16.9 mm Hg at the two work loads. Heart rate was unchanged at supine rest, but was reduced in the upright position 9,0% and during exercise — at 50 watt by 9.3%, and at 100 watt by 10.3%. Systemic vascular resistance decreased at rest in the supine and upright positions, but not during exercise. The pulmonary artery pressure remained unchanged both at rest and during exercise. In the long-term study cardiac index was unchanged except at the heavy work load, when it decreased by 11.4%. Mean blood pressure was reduced significantly under all circumstances, by 14.6 mm Hg at supine rest, 16.8 mm Hg in the upright positions, and by 13.9 mm and 13.4 mm, respectively, at the two work loads. Heart rate was reduced both at rest 13.6% and during exercise at the two work loads 9.6% and 12.4%. Systemic vascular resistance decreased at rest, but not during exercise. The pulmonary artery pressure were unchanged. Thus, the haemodynamic patterns after acute and long-term administration of labetalol were essentially similar, which suggests that the agent is suitable both for acute and long-term treatment of hypertension, at least from a haemodynamic point of view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561670
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of adrenergic beta receptor blockade on ethanol elimination and on ethanol-induced changes in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in man (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Propranolol ; ethanol ; drug interaction ; lipid metabolism ; carbohydrate metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of adrenergic beta receptor blockade on the elimination rate of ethanol was studied in seven healthy young men. The studies were performed before and after 14 days of propranolol 240 mg/day: the ethanol was given perorally — 0.8 mg/kg b.w. The blood concentration of ethanol, glucose, lactate and glycerol, and the plasma concentration of free fatty acids and triglycerides were followed in samples from the superior vena cava taken every 20 min for four hours. The splanchnic hepatic blood flow was estimated with a single i.v. injection of indocyanine green. The absorption rate, absorption fraction and elimination rate of ethanol were not changed by propranolol. The splanchnic hepatic blood flow was significantly reduced (mean 19 per cent) during beta receptor blockade. The ethanol-induced change in the concentration of glucose, lactate and free fatty acids was affected by propranolol, the time-concentration curves for glucose and lactate being significantly elevated and that for free fatty acids being significantly reduced. The time-concentration curves for glycerol and triglycerides did not differ in the two studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609751
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immediate haemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new adrenergic beta-1-receptor agonist, in healthy volunteers (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prenalterol ; metoprolol ; beta-receptors ; cardiac output ; impedance cardiography ; haemodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The acute haemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a selective adrenergic beta-1-receptor agonist, were studied in eight healthy male volunteers. Prenalterol was administered i.v. in five increasing doses to a cumulative dose of 5.55 mg. After the last dose of prenalterol, three doses of the selective adrenergic beta-1-receptor antagonist metoprolol were administered i.v. to a cumulative dose of 17.5 mg. After each dose, cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), systolic time intervals (STI) and forearm blood flow (FBF) were determined. Prenalterol had the following effects: CO was significantly increased by 21.0% after the fourth dose, but the fifth dose did not further change CO. SV was unchanged after the first four doses, but after the fifth dose a significant decrease in SV of 7.0% was seen. Mean BP was increased significantly by 7.7%, but diastolic BP remained unchanged. HR was increased by 28.4%. Total peripheral resistance was reduced by 8.8%. STI were reduced significantly after the second dose, which indicates that prenalterol has a positive inotropic action. FBF was increased significantly after the fourth dose. After the third dose of metoprolol, the CO, SV, mean BP, HR, STI and FBF had returned to their control values. It is concluded that prenalterol has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on the myocardium, and that metoprolol is a specific antidote.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of diazoxide during rest and forearm exercise (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 22 (1982), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: diazoxide ; arterial blood pressure ; exercise ; muscle blood flow ; free fatty acids ; glucose ; heart rate ; triglycerides ; oxygen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immediate haemodynamic and metabolic effects of acute dose of diazoxide 300 mg i.v. were studied in six healthy subjects at rest and during dynamic forearm exercise. Control periods of rest, exercise and recovery were compared with corresponding periods after drug administration. Resting forearm blood flow was almost doubled after diazoxide, and during forearm exercise it increased by about 24%. Systolic blood pressure did not change significantly, but diastolic blood pressure was moderately decreased (5–10 mm Hg). The mean heart rate increased from 57 to 92 beats/min immediately after diazoxide administration, and remained about 20% higher throughout the study. There was a sustained increase in arterial blood glucose of almost 1 mmol/l. The arterial concentration of free fatty acids increased transiently just after diazoxide and then returned to the pre-drug level. The arterial concentration of triglycerides after diazoxide was decreased by about 15% throughout the study. Arterial blood lactate remained unchanged. Forearm uptake of oxygen and glucose tended to increase during the exercise and recovery periods, whereas lactate release remained unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542454
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled double blind trial of nisoldipine in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 387-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Raynaud's phenomenon ; nisolidipine ; calcium channel blocker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a controlled double blind trial the symptomatic effect of the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine was assessed in 19 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon. Nisoldipine significantly reduced the frequency of attacks (p〈0.05), whilst having a non-significant tendency (p〈0.10) to reduce the severity of attacks. Side-effects were uncommon. It is concluded that nisoldipine is a promising agent for the symptomatic treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613511
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acute hypoxia and CO2 inhalation on systemic and peripheral oxygen uptake and circulatory responses during moderate exercise (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 57 (1988), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Moderate exercise ; Hypoxia ; CO2 ; Leg oxygen consumption ; Leg blood flow ; Leg vascular resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of acute hypoxia and CO2 inhalation on leg blood flow (LBF), on leg vascular resistance (LVR) and on oxygen supply to and oxygen consumption in the exercising leg was studied in nine healthy male subjects during moderate one-leg exercise. Each subject exercised for 20 min on a cycle ergometer in four different conditions: normoxia, normoxia +2% CO2, hypoxia corresponding to an altitude of 4000 m above sea level, and hypoxia +1.2% CO2. Gas exchange, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure, and LBF were measured, and arterial and venous blood samples were analysed for $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ , $$P_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ , oxygen saturation, haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration. Systemic oxygen consumption was 1.83 l · min−1 (1.48–2.59) and was not affected by hypoxia or CO2 inhalation in hypoxia. HR was unaffected by CO2, but increased from 136 beat · min−1 (111–141) in normoxia to 155 (139–169) in hypoxia. LBF was 6.5 l · min−1 (5.4–7.6) in normoxia and increased significantly in hypoxia to 8.4 (5.9–10.1). LVR decreased significantly from 2.23 kPa · l−1 · min (1.89–2.99) in normoxia to 1.89 (1.53–2.52) in hypoxia. The increase in LBF from normoxia to hypoxia correlated significantly with the decrease in LVR. When CO2 was added in hypoxia a significant correlation was also found between the decrease in LBF and the increase in LVR. In normoxia, the addition of CO2 caused a significant increase in mean blood pressure. Oxygen consumption in the exercising leg (leg $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ ) in normoxia was 0.97 l · min−1 (0.72–1.10), and was unaffected by hypoxia and CO2. It is concluded that the O2 supply to the exercising leg and its $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ are unaffected by hypoxia and CO2. The increase in LBF in hypoxia is caused by a decrease in LVR. These changes can be counteracted by CO2 inhalation. It is proposed that the regulatory mechanism behind these changes is that change in brain $$P_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}} } $$ causes change in the central regulation of vascular tonus in the muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418456
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forearm oxygen uptake during maximal forearm dynamic exercise (1989)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 58 (1989), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Blood flow ; Blood pressure ; Heart rate ; Lactate ; Oxygen uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken in an attempt to determine the maximal oxygen uptake in a small muscle group by measuring directly the oxygen expenditure of the forearm. Five healthy medical students volunteered. The subjects' maximal forearm work capacity was determined on a spring-loaded hand ergometer. Exercise was continued until exhaustion by pain or fatigue. Two weeks later intra-arterial and intravenous catheters were placed in the dominant arm. Blood samples for measurement of oxygen concentration were collected via the catheters. Forearm blood flow was measured by means of the indicator dilution technique. Oxygen uptake was determined according to the Fick principle. The forearm oxygen uptake attained at maximal work loads was a mean of 201 (SD±56) μmol · min−1 · 100 ml−1. It was impossible at maximal exercise to discern a plateau of the oxygen uptake curve in relation to work output. It is suggested that a plateau in the oxygen uptake curve is not a useful criterion for maximal oxygen uptake in a small muscle group. Skeletal muscle may have an unused capacity for oxygen consumption even at maximal exercise intensity where muscle work cannot be continued due to muscle pain and fatigue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02330698
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