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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron capture gas chromatography of tertiary amines as pentafluorobenzyl carbamates (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 48 (1976), S. 390-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60366a036
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manganese induced brain lesions inMacaca fascicularis as revealed by positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 66 (1992), S. 403-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Manganese ; Macaca fascicularis ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A series of positron emission tomography scans was made on two monkeys during a 16-month period when they received manganese(IV)oxide by subcutaneous injection. The distribution of [11C]-nomifensine uptake, indicating dopamine terminals, was followed in both monkey brains. The brain distributions of [11C]-raclopride, demonstrating D2 dopamine receptors, and [11C]-l-dopa, as a marker of dopamine turnover, were followed in one monkey each. The monkeys developed signs of poisoning namely unsteady gait and hypoactivity. The [11C]-nomifensine uptake in the striatum was reduced with time and reached a 60% reduction after 16 months exposure. This supports the suggestion that dopaminergic nerve endings degenerate during manganese intoxication. The [11C]-l-dopa decarboxylation was not significantly altered indicating a sparing of [11C]-l-dopa decarboxylation during manganese poisoning. A transient decrease of [11C]-raclopride binding occurred but at the end of the study D2-receptor binding had returned to starting values. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the manganese accumulated in the globus pallidus, putamen and caudate nucleus. There were also suggestions of gliosis/edema in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. MRI might be useful to follow manganese intoxication in humans as long as the scan is made within a few months of exposure to manganese, i. e. before a reversal of the manganese accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035130
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occupational handling of cytostatic drugs (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 54 (1983), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Occupational exposure ; Carcinogenicity ; Mutagenicity ; Urine mutagenicity assay ; Cancer chemotherapeutics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The bacterial fluctuation test and measurement of the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges were used for evaluation of the exposure of different groups of hospital personnel to cytostatic drugs. Increased mutagenic activity in the urine was detected only in personnel working with inadequate safety precautions, e.g., lack of a ventilated safety cabin for preparation of parenteral solutions. Although such a safety cabin was used within the hospital pharmacy, increased mutagenic activity was detected in the urine of prescriptionists preparing parenteral cytostatic drugs. After a change of glove material and improvement of ventilation in the safety cabin, no work-related increase in urinary mutagenic activity was seen. None of the different groups tested, showed any increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. It is therefore concluded that handling of cytostatic drugs according to the issued safety recommendations including working in a well ventilated safety cabin, will not result in any enhancement of mutagenic activity in the urine related to work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00277812
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Striatal and frontal cortex binding of 11-C-labelled clozapine visualized by positron emission tomography (PET) in drug-free schizophrenics and healthy volunteers (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Schizophrenia ; Frontal cortex ; Clozapine ; Dopamine receptors ; Secon messenger
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The binding of 11C-labelled clozapine in the brain was studied in three drug-free schizophrenic patients and in three healthy volunteers. High radioactivities were found in the striatum and in the frontal cortex. The rate constantk 3, which is proportional to receptor association rate and the number of receptors, was lower in the frontal cortex compared to the striatum. No obvious difference between the two brain areas was seen for the dissociation rate constant from the receptors (k 4). Two schizophrenic patients were reexamined after pretreatment with haloperidol, one after 6 weeks of treatment with a low oral dose, the other one after an IV injection 1 h before 11C-clozapine was given. After haloperidol pretreatment, the binding of 11C-clozapine in striatum and frontal cortex was reduced, more pronounced in the striatum, indicating competition for D-2 dopamine binding sites. Our finding indicates that clozapine has an affinity for a receptor population in the frontal cortex that is predominantly not of the dopamine-D2 type. This feature might be of importance for the unique clinical profile of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634444
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptor binding of N-(methyl-11C) clozapine in the brain of rhesus monkey studied by positron emission tomography (PET) (1986)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 89 (1986), S. 248-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; Dopamine receptors ; Clozapine ; N-Methylspiperone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract By means of positron emission tomography the uptake and kinetics of N-(methyl-11C)clozapine in different brain regions have been studied in Rhesus monkeys. 11C-clozapine rapidly entered the brain and maximum radioactive uptake was seen 5–12 min after administration. Highest uptake was measured in the striatum. Other regions with an uptake higher than in the cerebellum were thalamus and mesencephalon. The radioactivity from different brain regions decreased with an elimination half-life of about 5 h and parallelled the plasma kinetics of unlabelled clozapine. The striatum/cerebellum ratio of 11C-clozapine-derived radioactivity remained constant during the period studied and did not change after pretreatment with atropine. In contrast, the striatum/cerebellum ratio was somewhat lower after pretreatment with N-methylspiperone (NMSP), indicating competition for the same binding sites in the striatum. After pretreatment with increasing doses of clozapine, a dose-dependent protection of binding sites in the striatum for 11C-NMSP was seen. It is concluded that clozapine is more loosely bound to dopamine receptors in the striatum than N-methylspiperone and that the kinetics of clozapine in the brain parallel that in the plasma. The binding properties of clozapine within the brain may explain some of the clinical properties of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310638
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A taxonomical revision ofThymus sect.Teucrioides (Lamiaceae) (1987)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 155 (1987), S. 197-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Lamiaceae (Labiatae) ; Thymus sect.Teucrioides ; Th. teucrioides ; Th. rechingeri spec. nov. ; Th. leucospermus spec. nov. ; Taxonomy ; Mountain flora of Greece
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract TheThymus teucrioides Boiss. & Spruner aggregate is revised and the following new taxa, all from the alpine zone in the Greek mountains, are described:Th. leucospermus Hartvig from the calcareous mountains of Pindhos and Mt Parnassos in Sterea Ellas,Th. rechingeri Hartvig with the subsp.macrocalyx Hartvig from calcareous mountains in Sterea Ellas and N Peloponnissos, andTh. teucrioides subsp.alpinus Hartvig from the serpentine areas of N Pindhos. In the variableTh. teucrioides s. str. many characters have turned out to be markedly geographically correlated and many local populations can be distinguished by a particular combination of characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936299
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A selected ion monitoring method for the determination of pethidine and norpethidine in plasma.TFA = trifluoroacetyl. Comparison with a gas chromatographic method using electron capture detection (1978)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1978), S. 540-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure for the simultaneous determination of pethidine and norpethidine in plasma by selected ion monitoring is described. The method has a capacity of 15-20 analyses per hour and can be used to determine pethidine and norphethidine down to 25 ng ml-1 and 5 ng ml-1, respectively. The selected ion monitoring method has been compared with a method based on electron capture detection after analysis of pethidine and norpethidine in spiked plasma samples and in plasma from patients. The two methods are capable of performing selective and accurate determinations of pethidine and norpethidine, in the concentration ranges obtained in man after a single therapeutic dose of pethidine.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200050907
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of ketobemidone and its N-demethylated metabolite in patient plasma samples by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (1983)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 10 (1983), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure has been developed for the simultaneous determination of ketobemidone and its N-demethylated metabolite, norketobemidone. After isolation from plasma and re-extraction to acidic aqueous phase, the two aminophenols were extracted as ion pairs with tetrabutylammonium to dichloromethane, where derivatization with ethyl chloroformate took place. Determination was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Ketobemidone and norketobemidone could be detected in plasma in a concentration of 1 ng ml-1 and 3 ng ml-1, respectively. Determinations were performed down to 5 ng ml-1. The relative standard deviation of the method in the analysis of 10 ng ml-1 of ketobemidone and norketobemidone, respectively, was 8% and 9% (n = 10). The absolute recovery of unconjugated ketobemidone and norketobemidone through the method at the 100 ng ml-1 level was 91% and 85%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of ketobemidone and norketobemidone in plasma from patients given ketobemidone. The concentrations of unconjugated norketobemidone was too small to be detected.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200100410
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the urinary excretion of pethidine and five of its metabolites in man using selected ion monitoring (1980)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 7 (1980), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1052-9306
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The urinary excretion in man of pethidine and five of its metabolites (norpethidine, pethidinic acid, norpethidinic acid, p-hydroxypethidine and pethidine N-oxide) after a single intramuscular dose has been investigated using analytical procedures based on selected ion monitoring. New methods for the determination of p-hydroxypethidine and pethidine N-oxide have been developed, and the selectivity and sensitivity of the procedures are discussed. Only some 5% of the administered dose was excreted as unchanged pethidine. The mean urinary excretion of norpethidine was 16.4%. Pethidinic acid and norpethidinic acid constituted the major fraction of the dose excreted in urine. The total excretion of pethidinic acid and norpethidinic acid was 41.7 and 23.2%, respectively. Pethidine N-oxide constituted less than 0.5% of the excreted amount, and p-hydroxypethidine could only be detected in the urine of two of the patients. A mean total recovery of about 90% of the dose was found in urine as pethidine and the five metabolites.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200070210
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