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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4407-4413 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Dry selective photochemical etching of InGaAs/InAlAs material system, in HBr gas excited by a 172 nm excimer lamp, has been characterized. The etching is thought to be due to the formation of reactive Br*-radicals which are photocreated in the gas phase and then diffused into the solid semiconductor to create volatile products. The etching is temperature sensitive with best etching results at 50–110° C. Atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope pictures reveal that the surface morphology at this temperature range is smooth and fine. Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that at low temperatures the etch products are primarily salts of bromide and are in the liquid phase and thus remain at the surface and a desorption process stops further etching. At slightly elevated temperature range, the creation of oxides and deposition of bromine compounds reduces the etch rate and causes the surface quality to deteriorate. Etching at higher pressure range increases the etch rate of InGaAs but results in surface quality deterioration. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 84 (1980), S. 125-133 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Estimation of paternity likelihood ratio, deduction of probable genotyp ; Paternity, deceased putative father ; Vaterschaftswahrscheinlichkeit, wahrscheinlicher Genotyp bei Verstorbenen ; Monte-Carlo-Methode ; Putativvater, Vaterschaftswahrscheinlichkeit bei Tod des
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wenn der vermutliche Vater verstorben ist, wird sein wahrscheinlicher Genotyp, der für eine Vaterschaftsbeurteilung notwendig ist, aus den Blutgruppenbefunden seiner Verwandten hergeleitet. In der vorgelegten Arbeit wird eine allgemeine Methode für eine solche Ableitung sowie die Herleitung einer Berechnungsformel des Likelihood-Quotienten Y/X dargelegt. 104 mit der Monte-Carlo-Methode hergestellte Fälle mit verstorbenem vermutlichem Vater wurden in dieser Weise ausgewertet und die Verteilung der relativen Häufigkeit von log (Y/X) für Väter und Nichtväter berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die hier vorgestellte Methode zur Berechnung von Y/X aus Blutgruppenbefunden von Verwandten für die Vaterschaftsbeurteilung eines verstorbenen vermutlichen Vaters brauchbar ist.
    Notes: Summary When the putative father is dead his probable genotype, essential for estimate of likelihood ratio in the diagnosis of paternity, should be deduced from his relatives. In the present paper are described the general method for such deduction of probable genotype and the derivation of the formula of likelihood ratio. 104 examples of the diagnosis of paternity of deceased father are examined using a Monte Carlo method and the distributions of relative frequencies of log(Y/X) are calculated for the true father and non-father. These results indicate that the present method of estimation of Y/X from relatives is quite useful for the diagnosis of paternity of a deceased putative father.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 82 (1979), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Paternity likelihood ratio ; Rh blood groups, computer program ; Vaterschaft, Wahrscheinlichkeitsberechnung ; Rh-Gruppen, Computer Programm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus siebenstelligen Zufallszahlen im Bereich der Genfrequenzabstände des Rh-Systems werden die Genfrequenzen simuliert und daraus mit Hilfe eines Monte-Carlo-Verfahrens sukzessive über Schätzungen der Geno- und Phänotypen die zur Bildung des Likelihood-Quotienten nach Essen-Möller erforderlichen Größen Y und X und der Quotient Y/X selbst ermittelt. Der Vergleich mit den aus den tatsächlich beobachteten Frequenzen berechneten Größen (Y und X) zeigt, daß die Differenzen so gering sind, daß man die so geschätzten Größen ohne Bedenken fiir die biostatistische Vaterschafts-Begutachtung verwenden kann. Das Verfahren ist auf andere Systeme anwendbar und viel schneller als die herkömmlichen Berechnungsmethoden.
    Notes: Summary A new computational method using a Monte Carlo technique is described for the calculation of plausibility of paternity in blood group systems. In this study gene frequencies of a blood group system are simulated by the range of the seven digit random numbers. By using a Monte Carlo method, four random numbers are generated and converted into paternal and maternal genotypes. Then the genotype of the child is determined according to the law of inheritance, and finally genotypes of the father, mother and child are converted into phenotypes. Repeating this process more than one hundred thousand times, the phenotypic frequencies of child-mother-father combinations (trio) and the likelihood ratio of paternity in any blood group system are calculated for all phenotypic combinations of the trios. This method is much easier than methods reported previously, and is sufficiently accurate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Estimation of paternity likelihood ratio, probable genotype of deceased person ; Paternity, blood group findings of relatives ; Vaterschaft, bei Tod der Mutter und des Putativ-Vaters ; Monte-Carlo-Methode, Likelihood-Quotient aus Befunden der Verwandten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Für Fälle, in denen die Mutter oder in denen die Mutter und der Putativ-Vater verstorben sind, werden Formeln für die Berechnung des Likelihood-Quotienten Y/X aus den Blutgruppenbefunden der Verwandten abgeleitet. Die Verteilungskurven der relativen Häufigkeiten der Funktion log(Y/X) werden anhand von 104 Fällen mit der Monte-Carlo-Methode errechnet. Durch statistische Analyse der Verteilungskurven läßt sich die Erfolgschance bei der Vaterschaftsbestimmung abschätzen. Nach dieser Analyse gibt es eine recht hohe Erfolgschance in Fällen, in denen Mutter und Putativ-Vater verstorben sind, wenn die Verwandten noch leben. Es kann weiterhin daraus entnommen werden, daß genetische Informationen über die Eltern der verstorbenen Person die Ausschlußwahrscheinlichkeit erhöhen, während Daten über Mutter oder Vater und Kinder den Teil der Funktion log(Y/X) 〉 1 für Nicht-Väter vergrößern, der einem Essen-Möller-Wert kleiner als 9% entspricht.
    Notes: Summary Formulas of the estimated likelihood ratio Y/X are derived for cases without mother as well as those without both mother and putative father, by using blood group findings of their relatives. The distribution curves of the relative frequencies of log(Y/X) for these cases are calculated with respect to 104 families which are created by a Monte Carlo simulation. The extent of success in the paternity diagnosis is clarified by the statistical analysis based on these distribution curves. According to the above analysis, fairly high chance of success can be obtained in the diagnosis of such ambiguous cases without the plaintive mother and/or the putative father, if their relatives are alive. It is also concluded that the genetic information as to the parents of the deceased person increases the exclusion probability, whereas that as to the spouse and children increases the fraction of log(Y/X) 〉 1 for non-father, corresponding to the fraction where the Essen-Möller value is less than 9%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 10 (1983), S. 430-433 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed procedure of a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for β-phenylethylamine in biological samples, after its reaction with carbon disulphide to form the isothiocyanate derivative, is presented. Our method has advantages over the previous methods with the pentafluoropropionic derivative of β-phenylethylamine in that the isothiocyanate derivative of β-phenylethylamine is much more stable than the pentafluoropropionic derivative and that the background in selected ion monitoring is very low. Using the present method, the levels of β-phenylethylamine in human urine, untreated and pargyline-treated rat brain were found to be 15.3 μg 24 h-1, 1.4 and 160 ng g-1 wet weight, respectively.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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