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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 194 (1962), S. 542-544 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] REFERENCE has frequently been made (for JLV example, ref. 1) to the ease with which polyethylene crystallizes to form spherulites which can be readily observed in the optical microscope (that is, of dimensions in the region of 10~2-10-1 cm.), and indeed one of the first papers to suggest that ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Rotary forging has been used to produce high-density bonded magnets from rapidly quenched Nd-Fe-B based ribbons [MQP-D, of nominal composition 28%Nd-56%Fe-15%Co-1%B (wt %)]. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), when used as an additive (5%–15% by volume) has been found to act as an effective binder and greatly enhances the forgeability of the MQI, allowing higher forging pressures to be used. Densities of up to 98% of the fully dense composite have been achieved. The forging process can be undertaken in air at room temperature. Magnetically, the compacts are comparable to conventional epoxy resin bonded MQI, with energy products of up to 84 kJ/m3. Equivalent volume fractions of MQI (∼83.5 vol %) have been achieved in the compacts with increased PTFE content due to the displacement of pores by the PTFE. The effect of PTFE content on the mechanical strength of the compacts has been assessed and it has been found that strength increases with increasing PTFE content, consistent with the reduction in porosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 448-448 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 712-712 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim Zug-Test erfolgt bei dehnbaren Thermoplasten entweder eine gleichmäßige Deformation oder eine Einschnürung. Erstere tritt auf bei Vorliegen ausgestreckter Kettenkonfigurationen in Lösung oder bei Makromolekülen linearer Struktur und relativ unbiegsamer Bindungen. Die beobachteten Unterschiede wurden anhand eines ViskositätsModells mit verminderter Gummi-Elastizität unter Zugrundelegung von Literaturdaten diskutiert. Die Kettensteifheit wird rechnerisch durch Einfügung einer Konstanten berücksichtigt; sie steht in Konkurrenz mit der Lokalisierung der plastischen Dehnung und korreliert mit dem Auftreten einer Spannungsriß-Bildung im Polyäthylen hoher Dichte. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß sich die spezifische Wärme von Polymeren mit ausgedehnter Kettenkonfiguration beiTg nur wenig ändert; dieser Effekt steht mit dem Dehnungsverhältnis verschiedener Polymerer in Einklang. Bei PVC kann jedoch durch Abschrecken des heißen Materials in Eiswasser ein Übergang vom normalen Einschnürungsverhalten zu einer gleichmäßigen Deformation erzielt werden; dieser Effekt ist durch die Unterdrückung einer speziellen Struktur bedingt und kann auch bei der Temperung anderer thermoplastischer Polymerer nahe beiTg auftreten. Die sich bei der physikalischen Alterung und bei der Temperung abspielenden Vorgänge lassen sich noch nicht erklären. Sie umfassen sicherlich Effekte des freien Volumens und die Rückverteilung von Rotations-Isomeren. Beobachtungen dieser Art sind von grundsätzlicher Bedeutung für die Physik glasartiger Polymerer.
    Notes: Summary In a tensile test ductile thermoplastics may give either uniform deformation or necking. Recently it has been found that those giving uniform deformation either, are known to have extended chain configurations in solution, or have chemical formulae with linear structures and relatively few flexible bonds. The observed differences in behaviour can be predicted from a viscosity retarded rubber elasticity model in which a constant related to chain flexibility is introduced, which quantifies the strain hardening of the material. It is argued that the early development of strain hardening generally interferes with the localization of plastic strain in shear bands or crazes (as well as in a neck) and correlates with the stress cracking performance of high density polythenes. There is now also some evidence that polymers with extended chain configurations have small values ofΔcp (the change in specific heat atTg) and that this figure has an apparent correlation with draw ratio for different polymers. In the case of P.V.C. however it is possible to cause a changeover from the normal necking behaviour to uniform deformation by quenching the hot material in ice water. This process is believed to eliminate a structure which develops slowly in P.V.C. and most other thermoplastics when they are annealed at temperatures near toTg. The elimination of this structure during yielding causes strain softening and also promotes plastic strain localisation. This physical ageing or annealing process is still not well understood. It almost certainly includes free volume effects but recent studies have shown that a redistribution of rotational isomers also occurs. These observation, if correct, have fundamental implications for the physics of glassy polymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 701-702 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Thin films of 'Rigidex' polyethylene, 10 yun thick, were observed to exhibit well defined spherulites, 2-5 [zm in diameter, and on subsequent melting and re-crystallization the granular birefringent patterns observed before1-3 were reproduced. On melting, the thin films were observed to collapse ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 256 (1978), S. 394-394 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: cellulose ; magnetic resonance imaging ; diffusion ; structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract NMR imaging and spatially resolved diffusometry have been used to study the distribution of water within swollen cellophane and measure its diffusion coefficient. Water concentration and diffusion coefficient were found to be essentially constant across most of the film thickness. However, significantly slower diffusion was indicated for water near the film surface (D = 0.5 × 10−9 m2 s−1) compared with water in the centre of the film (D = 0.88 × 10−9 m2 s−1). This was also reflected in lower T 2 values at the edge of the film indicating water with more restricted motion. These observations were interpreted in terms of dense surface regions of cellulose (skin) over a more porous interior (core).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 1011-1016 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: crystallisation ; glass transition ; Lissajous diagrams ; modulated temperature power compensation differential scanning calorimetry ; polyethylene terephthalate/polycarbonate blends
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A modulated temperature power compensated differential scanning calorimeter, MTDSC, has been built from a standard Perkin-Elmer DSC model-2 such that a computer generated voltage has been applied to induce a sinusoidal change in sample temperature superimposed on a linear heating rate. The effect of amplitude of the temperature fluctuation, modulation period and block temperature on the reversibility has been assessed from the Lissajous diagram of heat flow vs. sample temperature. From their reproducibility and symmetry the most effective conditions for operating the MTDSC has been deduced. The specific heat of sapphire has been measured using these operational conditions for comparison with conventional DSC. Phase separated blends of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have been analysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 56 (1999), S. 1081-1086 
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Keywords: blends ; crystallisation kinetics ; hot stage microscopy ; polyether ether ketone ; polyether imide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract PEI/PEEK blends have been prepared and analysed by DSC. The blends are compatible over the full composition range in that amorphous samples are transparent and exhibit a single Tg varying with composition between the limits of the two components. The crystallisation kinetics of PEEK from the blend melt has been measured by DSC but the technique is limited to blend compositions above 20% PEEK. The use of a polarised light microscope to measure crystallization kinetics and melting behaviour of blends with compositions as low as 2 and 5% PEEK is discussed. In general, since the extent rather than the rate of crystallization is measured directly, the polarised light microscopy extends the measurement to slower rates and so to a wider temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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