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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 21 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of an aluminium reference object in radiographical studies permits quantification of periodontal bone changes. A digital subtraction techninque was developed for this purpose. To obtain optimal performance, two corrections have to be applied on the image: one to correct for systematic inhomogeneities such as the Heel-effect and one to correct for film and development inhomogeneities. With an image processing system these and other necessary manipulations can be carried out easily and quickly. The method was tested on a series of radiographs of phantoms with inserted aluminium cylinders. The determined volumes corresponded well with the actual volumes within the system error. This error was found to be proportional to the surface of the inspected area (0.054 mm1/mm2) . Hence, in longitudinal studies, the method promises to be an accurate and quantitative tool, and it may be able to replace subjective and non-quantitative observer studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Aging ; baroreflex ; Type II diabetes mellitus ; cardiovascular disease ; glucose intolerance ; heart-rate variability ; hypertension ; lifestyle ; autonomic nervous system ; obesity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Currently, three categories of measures are used to assess cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction: measures of the Ewing-test, measures of heart-rate variability, and measures of baroreflex sensitivity. We studied the determinants of these measures obtained from cardiovascular autonomic function tests in the Hoorn Study. Methods. The study group (n = 631) consisted of a glucose-tolerance-stratified sample from a 50- to 75-year-old group of people. Cardiac cycle duration (RR interval) and continuous finger arterial pressure were measured under three conditions: during (a) spontaneous breathing, (b) six deep breaths over one minute, and (c) an active change in position from lying to standing. From these readings, ten measures of autonomic function were assessed (three Ewing, six heart-rate variability and one baroreflex sensitivity). As possible determinants we considered age, sex, glucose tolerance, cardiovascular disease, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, anthropometric factors, metabolic factors and lifestyle factors. Results. Multivariate analysis showed that eight of ten cardiovascular autonomic function measures were most strongly associated with glucose tolerance. Furthermore, measures were moderately associated with age, sex, waist-to-hip ratio, use of anti-hypertensive drugs, and insulin. The measures were weakly associated with coronary artery disease but not with lipids. The strongest determinants seemed to differ between subjects with and without diabetes: in the non-diabetic subjects the most strongly associated were age and use of anti-hypertensive drugs and in subjects with diabetes, insulin. No consistent differences in association between the three categories of measures were observed. Conclusion/interpretation. The strongest determinants of autonomic function were age, presence of diabetes and use of anti-hypertensive drugs. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 561–570]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 15 (1977), S. 90-97 
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Electric stimulation ; Electrophysiology ; Digital heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommaire Dans cet exposé on a décrit un stimulateur dirigé par un ordinateur avec lequel il est très simple et facile de produire des graphiques compliqués pour stimulation nécessaire pour l’analyse détaillée de la function ventriculaire myocardiale et des réponses du système de la conduction aux stimuli appliqués. Du poulsintervalle, de la hauteur et de la largeur peuvent être produit à base des pulsations. Pour la securité du patient plusieurs des contrôlles ont été incorporés. Parmi eux: un transformateur dans le circuit de rendement empêchant la stimulation d.c. et empêchant un coulage de plus de 500 nA, des limites de fréquence plus élevé ou plus bas qui sont établi indépendant du computer au moyen des boutons de commande manuel et un pacemaker synchronisé et actionné par batterie lequel est imcorporé et qui controllera le rythme en cas des problèmes. Il y a des perspectives pour construire á l’avenir un circuit fermé patient-computer-patient par lequel l’ordinateur détermine sur le rythme du pouls et guidé par les résultats de l’analyse.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In diesem Artikel wird ein von Komputer kontrollierten Stimulator beschrieben mit dem es sehr leicht und einfach ist komplexe anregung Mustern notwendig für Detailanalyse vom ventrikulär-myocardial-muskel Funktion, und die Reaktionen vom Zuführungssystem, für angewandte Stimulanten zu entwickeln. Pulsschlagabstand, Höhe und Weite können auf eine Schlag-zu-Schlag Basis entwickelt werden. Für den Schutz des Patienten sind viele Sicherheitsmassnahmen eingebaut worden. Zu den gehören: einen Transformator im Produktionkreisbewegung den d.c.-Anregung verhütet, und den einen durchsickrenden Strom vom mehr als 500 nA verhütet, beiderzeitige Frequenz Grenze welche selbständig vom Komputer dargestellt sind mittels daumenräder Schaltern und einem eingebauten R-Welle synchronisierten Pacemaker mit Lademaschine welche den Rhytmus annehmt möchte etwas passieren. Anstalten sind gemacht worden zum zuküftigen Konstruktion eines geschlossenen Luppe-system Patient-Komputer-Patient, in welchem der Komputer den Pulsschlag Sequenz bestimmt infolge die Frgebnisse der darausschliessenden Data-Analysis.
    Notes: Abstract In the paper a computer-controlled stimulator is described to generate the complex stimulation patterns required for a detailed analysis of ventricular myocardial function and the responses of the conduction system to applied stimuli. Pulse interval, height and width can be generated on a beat-to-beat basis. For the safety of the patient, many safeguards have been built in: a transformer in the output circuit prevents d.c. stimulation and also a leakage current of more than 500 nA, upper and lower frequency limits which are established independently of the computer by means of thumbwheel switches, and a built in battery-powered R-wave synchronised pacemaker, which takes over the rhythm if something should go wrong. Provisions have been made to construct in the future a closed-loop system (patient-computer-patient) in which the computer determines the pulse sequence from the results of online data analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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