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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of an Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain B3 and other bacteria capable to degrade the synthetic chelating agent iminodisuccinate (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 188 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Three bacterial strains were isolated, which used the synthetic chelating agent iminodisuccinate (IDS) as sole carbon source for growth in mineral salts media (MSM). Taxonomic analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis identified one of these isolates (B3), which was isolated from sewage sludge, as a strain of Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans. It exhibited a doubling time of approximately 3 h in liquid MSM supplemented with IDS and grew even in the presence of 1.0% (w/v) IDS. Since photometric and high performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that IDS, which came onto the market only recently as an alternative for ethylenediaminetetraacetate, was completely degraded by axenic cultures of bacteria; it will probably be readily degraded in the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09166.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of acetate- and pyruvate-dependent fatty-acid synthesis by spinach chloroplasts (1989)
    Springer
    Planta 177 (1989), S. 417-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Acetate-pyruvate metabolism ; Chloroplast (fatty acids) ; Fatty acid synthesis (leaf) ; Spinacia (fatty acids)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In recent studies using intact chloroplasts of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to investigate the accumulation of acetyl-CoA produced by the activity of either acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) or the pyruvate-dehydrogenase complex, this product was not detectable. These results in combination with new information on the physiological levels of acetate and pyruvate in spinach chloroplasts (H.-J. Treede et al. 1986, Z. Naturforsch. 41 C, 733–740) prompted a reinvestigation of the incorporation of [1-14C] acetate and [2-14C] pyruvate into fatty acids at physiological concentrations. The K m for the incorporation into fatty acids was about 0.1 mM for both metabolites and thus agreed with the values obtained by H.-J. Treede et al. (1986) for acetyl-CoA synthetase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. However, acetate was incorporated with a threefold higher V max. Saturation for pyruvate incorporation into the fattyacid fraction was achieved only at physiological pyruvate concentrations (〈1.0 mM). The diffusion kinetics observed at higher concentrations may be the result of contamination with derivates of the labeled substrate. Competition as well as double-labeling experiments with [3H]acetate and [2-14C]pyruvate support the notion that, at least in spinach, chloroplastic acetate is the preferred substrate for fatty-acid synthesis when both substrates are supplied concurrently (P.G. Roughan et al., 1979 b, Biochem. J. 184, 565–569). Experiments with spinach leaf discs confirmed the predominance of fatty-acid incorporation from acetate. Radioactivity from [1-14C]acetate appeared to accumulate in glycerolipids while that from [2-14C]pyruvate was apparently shifted in favor of the products of prenyl metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids and their incorporation into triacylglycerols by cell-free fractions from Cuphea embryos (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 440-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cuphea ; Fatty acid synthesis incorporation ; Plastid (fatty-acid synthesis) ; Seed (fatty-acid synthesis) ; Triacyglycerol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During their rapid maturation period, seeds of Cuphea wrightii A. Gray mainly accumulate medium-chain fatty acids (C8 to C14) in their storage lipids. The rate of lipid deposition (40–50 mg·d−1·(g fresh weight)−1) is fourfold higher than in seeds of Cuphea racemosa (L. f.) Spreng, which accumulate long-chain fatty acids (C16 to C18). Measurements of the key enzymes of fatty-acid synthesis in cell-free extracts of seeds of different maturities from Cuphea wrightii show that malonyl-CoA synthesis may be a triggering factor for the observed high capacity for fatty-acid synthesis. Experiments on the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into fatty acids by purified plastid preparations from embryos of Cuphea wrightii have demonstrated that the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids (C8 to C14) is localized in the plastid. Thus, in the presence of cofactors for lipid synthesis (ATP, NADPH, NADH, acyl carrier protein, and sn-glycerol-3-phosphate), purified plastid fractions predominantly synthesized free fatty acids, 30% of which were of medium chain length. Transesterification of the freshly synthesized fatty acids to coenzyme A and recombination with the microsomal fraction of the embryo homogenate induced triacylglycerol synthesis. It also stimulated fatty-acid synthesis by a factor 2–3 and increased the relative amount of medium-chain fatty acids bound to triacylglycerols, which corresponded to about 60–80% in this lipid fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198798
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids and their incorporation into triacylglycerols by cell-free fractions fromCuphea embryos (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 440-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cuphea ; Fatty acid synthesis incorporation ; Plastid (fatty-acid synthesis) ; Seed (fatty-acid synthesis) ; Triacyglycerol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During their rapid maturation period, seeds ofCuphea wrightii A. Gray mainly accumulate medium-chain fatty acids (C8 to C14) in their storage lipids. The rate of lipid deposition (40–50 mg·d−1·(g fresh weight)−1) is fourfold higher than in seeds ofCuphea racemosa (L. f.) Spreng, which accumulate long-chain fatty acids (C16 to C18). Measurements of the key enzymes of fatty-acid synthesis in cell-free extracts of seeds of different maturities fromCuphea wrightii show that malonyl-CoA synthesis may be a triggering factor for the observed high capacity for fatty-acid synthesis. Experiments on the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into fatty acids by purified plastid preparations from embryos ofCuphea wrightii have demonstrated that the biosynthesis of medium-chain fatty acids (C8 to C14) is localized in the plastid. Thus, in the presence of cofactors for lipid synthesis (ATP, NADPH, NADH, acyl carrier protein, andsn-glycerol-3-phosphate), purified plastid fractions predominantly synthesized free fatty acids, 30% of which were of medium chain length. Transesterification of the freshly synthesized fatty acids to coenzyme A and recombination with the microsomal fraction of the embryo homogenate induced triacylglycerol synthesis. It also stimulated fatty-acid synthesis by a factor 2–3 and increased the relative amount of medium-chain fatty acids bound to triacylglycerols, which corresponded to about 60–80% in this lipid fraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Kenntnis des chromophoren Systems der Corrine, IV. Über die partielle, reversible Ringöffnung am Dicyano-cobyrin-säure-heptamethylester mit intermediärer reversibler Entfernung des Cobalts (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1979 (1979), S. 811-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Contributions to the Knowledge of the Corrin Chromophore, IV. - Partial, Reversible Ring Cleavage of Dicyano-cobyrinic Heptamethyl Ester with Intermediate Reversible Removal of Cobalt
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197919790611
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Kenntnis des chromophoren Systems der Corrine, III. Derivate des Dicyano-cobyrinsäure-hexamethylester-c-lactons (1977)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1977 (1977), S. 1480-1499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Knowledge of the Corrin Chromophore, III. - Derivatives of Dicyanocobyrinic Acid Hexamethyl Ester c-LactoneDicyano-cobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester c-lactone (1) was transformed by usual reactions via the aquo-cyano complex into the crystalline chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, and thiocyanato-cyano lactones 4, 5, 6, and 7. Besides the dithiocyanato derivative 8, 7, could be prepared directly by reaction with rhodanide on 1. - With the aid of substitution reactions, known in the cyanocobalamine series, the 10-bromo, 10-iodo, and 10-nitro derivatives 12, 9, 13 as Well as 11, 10, 14 of 1 and dicyano-cobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester (2) respectively could be prepared. - Reduction of the 10-nitrolactone 13 yields the corresponding amino derivative 17 as by product only. Main product is the dicyano-10-aminocobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester c-acid with simultaneous opening of the lactone ring, whose esterification product is identical with dicyano-10-aminocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester (15), prepared directly from dicyano-10-nitrocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester (14). The N-acetyl derivatives 18 and 19 are accessible as well from the amines 15 and 17 and also from the 10-nitro derivatives 14 and 13. - The 10-bromo- and 10-iodolactones 12 and 9 can be transformed by reduction via the corresponding c-acid into dicyano-cobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester (2).
    Notes: Auf üblichem Wege wurden aus dem Dicyano-cobyrinsäure-hexamethylester-c-lacton (1) über den Aquo-cyano-Komplex 3 die kristallinen Chloro-, Bromo-,Iodo- und Thiocyanatocyano-lactone 4,5,6 bzw, 7 dargestellt. 7 ist neben dem Dithiocyanato-Derivat 8 auch durch Einwirkung von Rhodanid auf1 erhältlich. - Mit Hilfe von Substitutionsreaktionen, die in der Cyano-cobalamin-Reihe bekannt sind, wurden die 10-Brom-, 10-lod und 10-Nitro-Derivate 12, 9, 13 sowie 11, 10, 14 des Dicyano-cobyrinsäure-hexamethylester-c-lactons (1) bzw. des Dicyanocobyrinsäure-heptamethylesters (2) dargestellt. - Reduktion des 10-Nitrolactons 13 liefert das entsprechende Amino-Derivat 17 nur als Nebenprodukt; hauptsächlich entsteht durch gleichzeitige Lactonringöffnung die Dicyano-10-aminocobyrinsäure-hexamethylester-c-säure. Ihr Veresterungsprodukt ist identisch mit dem Dicyano-10-aminocobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (15), der direkt aus dem Dicyano-10-nitrocobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (14) erhalten wurde. Die N-Acetyl-Derivate 18 und 19 sind sowohl aus don Aminen 15 bzw. 17 als auch aus den 10-Nitro-Derivaten 14 bzw. 13 direkt zugänglich. - Die 10-Brom- und 10-Iodlactone 12 bzw. 9 lassen sich reduktiv über die entsprechende c-Säure in Dicyano-cobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (2) überführen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197719770910
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesen von Verbindungen der Corrin-Reihe, VII1) Darstellung von Tetradehydrocorrin-Metallkomplexen mit peripheren Hydroxygruppen an den Ringen A und D (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1973 (1973), S. 146-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of Corrins, VII1). - Synthesis of Tetradehydrocorrin-Metal Complexes with Peripheral Hydroxy Groups on Rings A and DThe nickel and cobalt complexes of the tetradehydrocorrin derivatives 10a and b have been synthesized as 3,17-dienol benzyl ethers according to known reactions; also 10d and e were prepared, in which one or both benzyl groups are removed. Hydroxylation of 10a and 10b with OsO4 yielded the ring B diols 11a and 11b as well as the ring B,C tetraols 12a and 12b. Pinacol rearrangement of 12a gave the geminal diketone 13 as the preliminary end product.
    Notes: Nach bekannten Reaktionen wurden die Nickel- und Kobalt-Komplexe der Tetradehydrocorrin-Derivate 10a und b als 3,17-Di-enolbenzyläther aufgebaut sowie 10d und e, bei denen eine oder beide Benzylgruppen abgespalten sind. Hydroxylierung von 10a und 10b mit OsO4 führte zu den Ring-B-Diolen 11a und 11b sowie den Ring-B,C-Tetraolen 12a und 12b. Die Pinacol-Umlagerung von 12a lieferte als vorläufiges Endprodukt das geminale Diketon 13.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197319730121
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Kenntnis des chromophoren Systems der Corrine, II1) Über die Chlorierung von Derivaten des Cobyrinsäure-heptamethylesters (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1976 (1976), S. 1150-1165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions to the Knowledge of the Corrin Chromophore, II.- Chlorination of Cobyrinic Acid Heptamethyl Ester DerivativesThe reactivity of dicyano- and dichloro-cobyrinic acid heptamethylester (1 and 2 respectively) as well as of dicyano-cobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester c-lactone (6) towards chlorine has been investigated. Chlorine adducts are formed. for which the structures 4, 5 and 8 respectively are proposed on the basis of analytical data as well as of their chemical behaviour. In absence of air 4 and 5 could be partially dehalogenated by various reducing agents to yield - after treatment with aqueous potassium cyanide -∼ dicyano-10-chlorocobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester. Under the same conditions, but in the presence of air, dicyano-10-chlorocobyrinic acid hexamethyl ester c-lactone (7) is formed. On the other hand, 4 could be entirely dehalogenated with [Rh(C0)2C1]2 to regenerate dicyano-cobyrinic acid heptamethyl ester (1). - The stereochemistry at the peripheral asymmetric C-atoms of 4 could be elucidated by comparing the chiroptical properties of 1 and its 10-chloro derivative 3, obtained on treatment of 4 with [Rh(CO)2C1]2, with those of authentic samples of both compounds. Space-filling models support the assignment of the R- and S-configuration to the C-6 and C-14 positions respectively.
    Notes: Die Reaktivität von Dicyano- und Dichloro-cobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (1 bzw. 2) sowie von Dicyano-cobyrinsäure-hexamethylester-c-lacton (6) gegenüber elementarem Chlor wurde untersucht. Es entstehen farblose Chloraddukte, deren Konstitutionen 4, 5 bzw. 8 auf Grund analytischer Daten sowie ihres chemischen Verhaltens vorgeschlagen werden. Unter Sauerstoffausschluß lassen sich 4 sowie 5 mit Hilfe verschiedener Reduktionsmittel und darauffolgender Behandlung mit Kaliumcyanid zu Dicyano-10-chlorcobyrinsäure-heptamethylester (3) partiell enthalogenieren. Unter gleichen Bedingungen entsteht in Gegenwart von Luft Dicyano-1O-chlorcobyrinsäure-hexamethylester-c-lacton (7). Mit [Rh(C0)2C1]2 in siedendem Methanol findet totale Enthalogenierung von 4 unter Rückbildung von Dicyano-cobyrinsäure- heptamethylester (1) statt. - Die Stereochemie an den peripheren asymmetrischen C-Atomen des Adduktes 4 konnte durch Vergleich der chiroptischen Eigenschaften des durch Behandlung mit [Rh(C0)2C1]2 daraus erhaltenen 4 oder seines 10-Chlorderivats 3 mit denjenigen von authentischen Präparaten aufgeklärt werden. Molekülmodelle sprechen für das Vorliegen der R- und S-Konfiguration an C-6 bzw. C-14.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197619760616
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