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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cerebral Metabolic State During the Ethanol Withdrawal Reaction in the Rat (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 34 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: A severe ethanol withdrawal reaction was induced in rats by means of repeated intragastric intubation during a 4-day period. At the peak of the withdrawal reaction cerebral cortical tissue was frozen in situ for analysis of glycogen, glucose, phosphocreatine, creatine, ATP, ADP, AMP, lactate, pyruvate, GAB A, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, cAMP and cGMP. Blood glucose concentration was also measured. The level of brain glycogen was decreased during ethanol withdrawal. Brain glucose concentration was increased, probably secondary to the increase in blood glucose concentration. The calculated NADH/NAD+ ratio was slightly increased during the withdrawal and brain ATP concentration and adenine nucleotide pool size were decreased. The adenylate energy charge remained unchanged. The overall changes in the metabolites were in agreement with the previously shown metabolic activation during ethanol withdrawal. The brain concentrations of ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) during withdrawal did not deviate from controls, indicating that no abnormal ketone metabolism had developed as a consequence of the long-lasting ethanol intoxication. No changes were observed in the concentrations of GABA, cAMP, or cGMP in the rat cerebral cortex during ethanol withdrawal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1980.tb11244.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brain marker protein changes after short-and longterm ethanol intoxication and withdrawal in the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Psychiatric Research 21 (1987), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3956
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-3956(87)90017-3
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Specific brain proteins during severe ethanol intoxication and withdrawal in the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 3 (1980), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-1781(80)90042-6
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regional cerebral blood flow distribution in newly diagnosed schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 53 (1994), S. 57-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Schlagwort(e): Single photon emission computed tomography ; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ; frontal lobe
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-1781(94)90095-7
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erratum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 2 (1980), S. 223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-1781(80)90080-3
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Magnesium concentrations in blood and cerebrospinal fluid during delirium tremens
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Psychiatry Research 1 (1979), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-1781
    Schlagwort(e): Magnesium ; blood ; blood-alcohol concentration ; cerebrospinal fluid ; delirium tremens
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-1781(79)90057-X
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Convulsive behaviour during alcohol dependence: discrimination between the role of intoxication and withdrawal (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 107 (1992), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol withdrawal ; Intoxication ; Seizures ; Aetiology ; Rat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Male Wistar rats were subjected to repeated weekly episodes of 2 days severe alcohol intoxication (intragastric intubation) and 5 days of withdrawal. In half of the animals the withdrawal reaction was attenuated during the first nine weekly episodes by intragastric intubations with phenobarbital. During episodes 10–14 both phenobarbital treated and phenobarbital untreated animals were allowed to develop a withdrawal reaction; all animals were video-recorded during withdrawal and the records were rated blindly for the occurrence of convulsive seizures. The results were analyzed by stepwise logistic analysis of regression including phenobarbital treatment, alcohol dose and intoxication score as explanatory variables for the occurrence of convulsive seizures. The animals that had been in withdrawal during all episodes developed significantly more convulsive seizures compared with animals that had their first nine withdrawal episodes attenuated by phenobarbital. The development of withdrawal seizures depended on repeated episodes of withdrawal, whereas repeated alcohol intoxication per se did not explain the development of seizures. There were no differences between the groups in the severity of the non-convulsive signs of alcohol withdrawal. Thus the development of seizures and the non-convulsive signs of alcohol withdrawal may result from two pathogenetically different mechanisms: 1) seizures from a cumulative kindling-like effect over long time periods and 2) physical signs of alcohol withdrawal may reflect the degree of physical dependence during the most recent drinking bout.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244972
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diazepam prevents progression of kindled alcohol withdrawal behaviour (1995)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 121 (1995), S. 451-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol withdrawal ; Diazepam ; Kindling ; Seizures ; Rat ; Paradigm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of the present experiment was to study the “kindling” hypothesis of alcohol withdrawal stating that exposure to repeated episodes of alcohol withdrawal results in an increased severity of subsequent withdrawal reactions. Two groups of male Wistar rats were subjected to 13 episodes of 2 days severe alcohol intoxication and 5 days alcohol withdrawal. Animals in the control group (n=80) developed clinical withdrawal signs following each intoxication episode. In the diazepam group (n=80) the withdrawal reactions during episodes 1–9 were blocked by intraperitoneal diazepam administration (0–30 mg/kg) 8, 11 and 15 h into withdrawal. During episode 10–13 diazepam treatment was terminated and convulsive withdrawal behaviour was observed 9–15 h after last alcohol dose. The probability of seizure activity during these four withdrawal episodes was calculated as 0.239 and 0.066 in the control and the diazepam groups, respectively. Based on Monte Carlo simulation techniques, this difference was found to be statistically significant (P〈0.05). No differences in the non-convulsive alcohol withdrawal symptoms tremor, hyperactivity and rigidity were detected between controls and diazepam animals after diazepam treatment. It was concluded that the increased convulsive behaviour in the control group was caused by cumulated kindling-like cerebral alterations during the previous repeated alcohol withdrawal phases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246493
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glutamate and benzodiazepine receptor autoradiography in rat brain after repetition of alcohol dependence (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Alcohol withdrawal ; Kindling ; Autoradiography ; Receptors ; AMPA ; NMDA ; Kainic acid ; GABA/benzodiazepine ; Seizures
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract During repeated alcohol withdrawal, convulsive withdrawal behaviour has been shown to be increased in a kindling-like manner in both clinical and experimental studies. In the present experiment, quantitative autoradiography was used to investigate binding of tritiated ligands to glutamate receptor subtypes and the benzodiazepine/GABA (BZ/GABA) receptor complex in rats exposed to 14 episodes of alcohol withdrawal. Seizures were detected in 25% of the animals during withdrawal episode 10–13. Repeated alcohol withdrawal resulted in a decrease in the number of [3H]-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid ([3H]-AMPA) binding sites in striatum and subregions of the entorhinal cortex, the cerebellum and the hippocampus, while the [3H]-flunitrazepam binding was down-regulated in the frontal cortex. There was no differences between the controls and the multiple withdrawal animals regarding the [3H]-dizocilpine ([3H]-MK801) binding and the [3H]-kainic acid binding. However, within the latter group, those animals in which withdrawal seizures were observed had increased [3H]-MK801 binding sites in focal regions of entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, compared to those in which seizures were not observed. The decreased AMPA binding suggested impaired glutamate neurotransmission. As such, this receptor probably did not contribute to alcohol withdrawal kindling, but rather was involved in seizure protective mechanisms during this process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246408
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