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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fetal membranes and placenta of the african green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) (1989)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1989), S. 591-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Fetus ; Membranes ; Placenta ; Green monkey ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study examined developmental changes in fetal membranes and placenta of Cercopithecus aethiops from a Carnegie developmental stage 12 embryo to nearterm fetuses. Ultrastructurally, yolk sac cells (endoderm and mesothelium) were similar to comparable stages in other primates. Endodermal cells had few apical microvilli, abundant rough-endoplasmic reticulum, electron dense mitochondria and dense bodies. In contrast, mesothelial cells were squamous with numerous microvilli, small mitochondria and a few short strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Amnion cells early in gestation were squamous with few microvilli, large glycogen deposits and poorly developed cytoplasmic components. Tight junctions and desmosomes held adjacent cells together. The basal surface was smooth and the basal lamina was distinct. As development proceeded the amniotic cells became cuboidal and possessed numerous microvilli. Cytoplasmic organelles were better developed and glycogen deposits increased by mid-gestation. A thick layer of microfibrils and collagen fibers was prominent below the basal lamina. Near-term, the glycogen had virtually disappeared and the amount of lipid droplets increased. Basal infoldings and podocytic processes and the extracellular matrix had increased. The smooth chorion consisted of pseudostratified columnar cells. Cells had short microvilli, numerous granules and vesicles of variable size and electron density in early gestation. With increasing age, amounts of granules and vesicles decreased, as the endoplasmic reticulum became prominent. The chorionic trophoblast was a continuous layer in mid-pregnancy and its cells had well-developed organelles and inclusions. Late in gestation, the trophoblastic layer became discontinuous and wide intercellular spaces and channels were present. In the placenta, the trophoblastic elements showed features characteristic of primate placenta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315701
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of hindbrain neural crest migration in the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 194 (1996), S. 235-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Primate embryo ; Neural cell adhesion molecule ; Laminin ; Collagen IV ; Basement membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neural crest cells make a substantial contribution to normal craniofacial development. Despite advances made in identifying migrating neural crest cells in avian embryos and, more recently, rodent embryos, knowledge of crest cell migration in primates has been limited to what was obtained by conventional morphological techniques. In order to determine the degree to which the nonhuman primate fits the mammalian pattern, we studied the features of putative neural crest cell migration in the hindbrain of the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) embryo. Cranial crest cells were identified on the basis of reported distributional and morphological criteria as well as by immunocytochemical detection of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) that labels a subpopulation of these cells. The persistent labeling of a sufficient number of crest cells with antibodies to N-CAM following their exit from the rostral, preotic and post-otic regions of the hindbrain facilitated tracking them along subectodermal pathways to their respective destinations in the first, second and third pharyngeal arches. Peroxidase immunocytochemistry was also employed to localize laminin and collagen-IV in neuroepithelial basement membranes. At stage 10 (8–11 somites), crest emigration occurred in areas of unfused neural folds through focal disruptions in the neuroepithelial basement membrane in both the rostral and pre-otic regions, although there was little evidence of crest migration in the post-otic hindbrain. By stage 11 (16–17 somites), the neural folds were fused (pre- and post-otic hindbrain) or in the process of fusing (rostral hindbrain), yet crest cell emigration was apparent in all three areas through discontinuities in the basement membrane. Emigration was essentially complete at stage 12 (21 somites) as indicated by nearly continuous cranial neural tube basement membranes. At this stage the pre-ganglia (trigeminal, facioacoustic and glossopharyngeal) were consistently stained with N-CAM. The current study has provided new information on mammalian neural crest in a well-established experimental model for normal and abnormal human development, including its use as a model for the retinoic acid syndrome. In this regard, the current results provide the basis for probing the mechanisms of retinoid embryopathy which may involve perturbation of hindbrain neural crest development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187134
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Staging of the early embryonic brain in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus) and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 317-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Embryology ; Rhesus monkey ; Baboon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Early morphogenesis of the brain and its derivatives was studied in sixty-nine baboon and rhesus monkey embryos representing developmental stages 8–16, and compared with the staged human embryo. The baboon and rhesus monkey embryos develop in a similar temporal sequence when compared with human embryos with the following exceptions: 1) The respective developmental events for otic disc, adenohypophyseal pouch, and hippocampal internal sulcus formation in the baboon and rhesus monkey occur at stage 10, stages 11–12, and after stage 16, while the comparable stages in humans are 9, 10, and 16; 2) Alternatively, formation of the trigeminal primordium and the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and evagination of the neurohypophysis occur earlier in the baboon and rhesus monkey (i.e., stages 12–13, stage 14, and stage 15, respectively) than observed in the human embryo (stage 14, stage 15, and stage 16, respectively); and 3) Lens pore closure in baboon and human embryos takes place during stage 14, while in the rhesus monkey closure occurs during stage 15.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317654
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative analysis of [3H]thymidine labeling in the embryonic tectum of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) and C57BL mouse (1982)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 164 (1982), S. 277-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: [3H]thymidine ; Embryo ; Mouse ; Rhesus monkey ; Tectum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pattern of [3H]thymidine incorporation in the dorsolateral wall of the embryonic tectum was studied and compared one hour after injection of the label in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) at stages 11–20 (25–37 days of gestation) and in the C57BL mouse at stages 14–22 (9–14 days of gestation). During the early stages of development, the labeled nuclei were located peripherally in the ventricular zone in both the rhesus monkey and mouse embryo, although a number of labeled nuclei tended to occur closer to the ventricular border in the mouse, whereas there was little or no encroachment, at the ventricular border in the rhesus monkey. The ventricular zone of the rhesus monkey and mouse embryos initially showed a high labeling index (LI) of about 59% which subsequently declined with increasing age However, the decline occurred earlier and more precipitously in the rhesus monkey. At stage 17 of the rhesus monkey the LI had dropped to about 42%, whereas it still remained at 59% in the 12-day mouse, and by stage 20 of the monkey the LI was approximately 26%, in contrast to 41% in the stage 22 (14-day) mouse. At stage 20 of the mouse (12 days of gestation) the intermediate zone became much thicker than in the comparable stage (17) of the rhesus monkey, and this discrepancy continued at each successive stage observed in the current study. Also, whereas lamination became apparent in the intermediate zone of the mouse at stage 22, the monkey tectum at a comparable stage (20) was poorly differentiated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318511
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early Indicators of Male Reproductive Toxicity (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 8 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Longitudinal data were analyzed for seminal characteristics of rhesus monkeys and beagles. The monkeys were exposed to DBCP; the beagles were exposed to acute or chronic whole body gamma irradiation. The semen was analyzed for volume and sperm concentration. Sperm were measured for percent motility, swimming speed, and head dimensions. Abnormalities of the sperm tail were also noted. All treatments resulted in measurable effects on the semen parameters. Sperm production, as evaluated by seminal sperm concentration or total sperm numbers in the ejaculate, was as informative of testicular toxicity as any other parameter or combination of parameters. A consistent finding was that changes in sperm output occurred concomitantly with changes in sperm motility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1988.tb01150.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Thalidomide’ Syndrome in Baboons (1966)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 958-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Fig. 1. A normal foetus (0 weeks) Our experiments reveal that 'Thalidomide', given in relatively low dosage (5 mg/kg) per oss at the time of conception, does not prevent nidation in the baboon (in contrast to rhesus) and that distinct deformities are induced in the baboon embryo and foetus which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/210958a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of integrin subunits α6 and β1 during somitogenesis in the long-tailed macaque (M. fascicularis) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somite ; Intergin ; Extracellular matrix, structures ; Embryo ; Laminin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Macaca fascicularis (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of integrin subunits α6 and β1, and the α6β1 integrin ligand, laminin, was examined during somitogenesis in developmental stages 11, 13, and 16 in the long-tailed macaque, using peroxidase immunocytochemistry. Within differentiating somites in stage 11, α6 expression was observed in the sclerotome, basal surface of dermamyotomal cells adjacent to the basal lamina and on scattered cells throughout the dermamyotome. In further advanced somites in stages 13 and 16, α6 immunoreactivity become restricted to the myotome, α6 was expressed on mesenchymal core cells within the myocele of undifferentiated epitheliod somites and the ventromedial wall of somites commencing differentiation at each stage. β1 distribution resembled that of α6 in stage 11 somitic tissue, however, it remained present on myotome and sclerotome cells in the later stages, and was also expressed on dermatomal cells in stage 16. Laminin immunoreactivity, while more intense and prevalent than α6 and β1 in each stage examined, occurred on the same somite cell populations as the 2 integrin subunits. These results show a defined distribution of α6 on somitic tissue, and suggest this integrin is involved in somite differentiation. They also support a possible role for α6 in myoblast formation and migration. Overlapping of β1 and laminin immunoreactivity with that of α6 further suggests that α6 paris with β1 as a functional heterodimer for laminin in defined somitic regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307963
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of integrin subunits α6 and β1 during somitogenesis in the long-tailed macaque (M. fascicularis) (1995)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Somite ; Integrin ; Extracellular matrix ; structures ; Embryo ; Laminin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Macaca fascicularis (Primates)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The distribution of integrin subunits α6 and β1, and the α6β1 integrin ligand, laminin, was examined during somitogenesis in developmental stages 11, 13, and 16 in the long-tailed macaque, using peroxidase immunocytochemistry. Within differentiating somites in stage 11, α6 expression was observed in the sclerotome, basal surface of dermamyotomal cells adjacent to the basal lamina and on scattered cells throughout the dermamyotome. In further advanced somites in stages 13 and 16, α6 immunoreactivity became restricted to the myotome. α6 was expressed on mesenchymal core cells within the myocele of undifferentiated epithelioid somites and the ventromedial wall of somites commencing differentiation at each stage. β1 distribution resembled that of α6 in stage 11 somitic tissue, however, it remained present on myotome and sclerotome cells in the later stages, and was also expressed on dermatomal cells in stage 16. Laminin immunoreactivity, while more intense and prevalent than α6 and β1 in each stage examined, occurred on the same somite cell populations as the 2 integrin subunits. These results show a defined distribution of α6 on somitic tissue, and suggest this integrin is involved in somite differentiation. They also support a possible role for α6 in myoblast formation and migration. Overlapping of β1 and laminin immunoreactivity with that of α6 further suggests that α6 pairs with β1 as a functional heterodimer for laminin in defined somitic regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307963
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the brain in staged embryos of the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis) (1996)
    Springer
    Primates 37 (1996), S. 351-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Morphogenesis ; Central nervous system ; Macaca fascicularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The external characteristics and successive morphological changes of the brain and its derivatives were studied in 69 long-tailed monkey embryos representing developmental stages 8 through 16. This morphogenesis follows a similar pattern to those of the rhesus, baboon, and human. Minor differences in the temporal sequence of specific developmental events include: 1) otic disc, adenohypophyseal pouch, and hippocampal internal sulcus formation in the long-tailed macaque occur at stage 10, stage 11, and after stage 16 respectively, which is comparable to human stages 9, 10, and 16; 2) formation of the trigeminal primordium and the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and evagination of the neurohypophysis occur at stage 12, stage 14, and stage 15, while in the human embryo these features are observed at stage 14, stage 15, and stage 16, respectively; and 3) closure of the lens pore, like in the rhesus monkey, occurs during stage 15, while in the baboon and human it takes place during stage 14. These temporal differences in the embryonic period are important factors to be taken into consideration in any embryological and teratological studies when usingM. fascicularis as a primate model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381372
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food preference of young rhesus monkeys fed marginally zinc deficient diets (1991)
    Springer
    Primates 32 (1991), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Zinc ; Development ; Food intake ; Food preference ; Diet ; Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zinc deprivation has been shown to produce hypogeusia in rhesus monkeys but the possible consequences of altered taste sensitivity for food preference and selection is not known. We studied 13 rhesus monkeys (2.5 to 3 years of age) for food preference in a structured choice situation. These animals were fed two levels of dietary zinc: marginally zinc deprived (fed 4 µg zinc/g diet from conception and throughout development;N=6), or control (fed a 100 µg zinc/g diet throughout the study;N=7). Preference for familiar vs unfamiliar food items, order of food preferences, persistence in retrieval of preferred and nonpreferred foods, and preference under four deprivation periods were examined. Animals were offered a choice of two food items, both containing minimal zinc levels, and food choice and latency of choice were measured. Results indicate that animals fed the marginal zinc diets had reduced preference for unfamiliar foods relative to controls and different patterns of food preference. These results may be relevant to maintenance of appropriate food selection in marginally zinc deprived populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381600
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