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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemodynamic effects of enalapril, a new converting enzyme inhibitor, in hypertensive patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: enalapril ; ACE inhibitor ; hypertension ; haemodynamic effects ; renin-angiotensin system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The haemodynamic effects of enalapril (EN), a new, long-acting, nonsulphhydryl converting enzyme inhibitor, were evaluated by non-invasive methods in 10 adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (EH). Patients were randomly assigned, double blind to 2 treatment groups (EN 20 mg o.d. or 10 mg b.d.) for 4 weeks, and were crossed over to the other dosage regimen after a 2-week washout period. Measurements included mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), limb blood flow (LBF), plasma aldosterone (ALD), plasma renin activity (PRA) and systolic time intervals (STI). Both regimens (b.d. and o.d.) significantly reduced MAP (15.3% and 16.3%, respectively), total peripheral resistance (20.3% and 21.8%, respectively), limb vascular resistance (24.1% and 24.9%) and ALD (33.5% and 36.9%) and increased CO (7.8% and 8.7%), LBF (10.9% and 11.6%) and PRA (10.4% and 9.5%). No significant change was observed in HR or STI. EN 20 mg o.d. or 10 mg b.d. reduced arterial pressure to a similar extent through a fall in total peripheral resistance. An increase in CO was also observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547362
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of clonidine on sympathetic nervous activity in hydralazine-treated hypertensive patients (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 317-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; clonidine ; dose-response curve ; cold-pressor test ; urinary noradrenaline excretion rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six patients with arterial hypertension were studied in hospital. They were given hydralazine iv in increasing doses, (2 mg, 3 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg, 10 mg) every 15 min, until the blood pressure was normal or side effects were encountered. Clonidine 150–600 µg/day was administered orally. Dose-blood pressure and heart rate-response curves to hydralazine and cold pressor test were performed when the patients were not taking drugs and after one week of clonidine administration; the urine noradrenaline excretion rate was also measured. The maximal iv dose of hydralazine reduced mean blood pressure from 133.7±7.54 (mean ± SEM) to 118.5±5.84 mm Hg (P〈0.05) and increased heart rate from 77.3±2.88 to 102.2±4.36 beats/min (P〈0.001). Clonidine decreased mean blood pressure from 133.7±7.54 to 116.8±7.75 mm Hg (P〈0.001) and heart rate from 77.3±2.88 to 63.8±4.91 beats/min (P〈0.001). During administration of maximal intravenous doses of hydralazine to patients treated with oral clonidine, mean blood pressure decreased from 116.8±7.75 to 98.4±3.61 mm Hg (P〈0.001) and heart rate increased from 63.8±4.91 to 76.0±5.54 beats/min (P〈0.001). The heart rate response to hydralazine was dose-related and the dose-response curve was shifted to the right by clonidine. The increase in mean blood pressure induced by the cold pressor test was significantly attenuated by clonidine (P〈0.05). Clonidine decreased significantly the urine noradrenaline excretion rate from 43.78±9.31 to 13.66±3.65 µg/24 hr (P〈0.05).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00644601
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins in hypertensive patients (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 513-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prazosin ; alphamethyldopa ; lipoprotein ; hypertension ; blood lipids ; serum parameters ; hydrochlorothiazide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of prazosin and alphamethyldopa on blood lipids and lipoproteins were assessed in 20 patients with mild or moderate arterial hypertension. Parameters measured included serum cholesterol (CHO), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-CHO), insulin (I), glucose (G), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Prazosin — 4 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.6/17.2 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg. There was a significant decrease in CHO (−5.8%), in I (−16.5%), and in NEFA (−3.0%), and a significant increase in HDL-CHO (+15.5%). Alphamethyldopa 250–750 mg/day for 6 weeks in hydrochlorothiazide-treated patients lowered blood pressure by 18.8/14.6 (systolic/diastolic pressure) mmHg, accompanied by a non-significant decrease in CHO and TG, and significant increases in HDL-CHO (+10.3%), G (+8.5%) and NEFA (+6.4%). Thus, prazosin appears to have a more beneficial effect on blood lipids and lipoproteins than alphamethyldopa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544060
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic and cardiac haemodynamic interactions between guanfacine and hydrallazine in hypertensive patients (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 393-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: guanfacine ; hydrallazine ; hypertension ; sympathetic nervous activity ; plasma renin activity ; cardiac and systemic haemodynamics ; blood pressure ; limb blood flow ; limb vascular resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of guanfacine and hydrallazine on cardiovascular haemodynamics and on sympathetic nervous activity has been studied in 16 patients with essential hypertension. Two groups of patients were investigated: in Group A guanfacine brought the blood pressure back to normal (diastolic blood pressure ⩽90 mmHg), and in Group B diastolic blood pressure was 〉 90 mmHg and required the addition of hydrallazine. Guanfacine significantly decreased heart rate, plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of noradrenaline, without altering cardiac contractility. In Group B, guanfacine 2 to 6 mg/day produced a significant decrease in blood pressure from 178.7/112.4 to 164.4/102.9 mmHg and in heart rate from 77.1 to 62.7 beats/min after 4 weeks of treatment. Guanfacine did not significantly alter preejection period, cardiac output or total peripheral resistance. Hydrallazine 50 to 300 mg/day caused a further reduction in blood pressure from 164.4/102.9 to 150.7/90.2 mmHg and an increase in heart rate from 62.7 to 72.1 beats/min. Limb blood flow was increased from 4.55 to 5.93 ml/100 g/min and limb vascular resistance was decreased from 39.55 to 23.6 mmHg 100 g·min/ml. Hydrallazine also caused a slight increase in plasma renin activity and urinary excretion of noradrenaline. It is concluded that guanfacine is a useful agent to block a hydrallazine-induced increase in sympathetic nervous activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00549584
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of minoxidil on sympathetic nervous activity in clonidine-treated hypertensive patients (1981)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 20 (1981), S. 259-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: clonidine ; minoxidil ; hypertension ; sympathetic nervous activity ; plasma renin activity ; cardiovascular responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of clonidine and minoxidil on sympathetic nervous activity has been studied in 10 patients with accelerated or resistant hypertension. Clonidine 150 to 900 µg/day caused a significant decrease in blood pressure of 18.6 mm Hg, of heart rate 16.4 beats/min, or plasma renin activity 1.13 ng/ml·h, and of urinary noradrenaline excretion 11.55 µg/day, and a significant lengthening of the pre-ejection period of 12.4 ms. Minoxidil 5 to 22.5 mg/day caused a further significant decrease in blood pressure of 24.2 mm Hg, and significant increases in heart rate 8.2 beats/min, plasma renin activity 1.68 ng/ml·h, and of urinary noradrenaline excretion 5.0 µg/day, and a significant shortening of the pre-ejection period of 20.6 ms. Neither clonidine nor minoxidil altered plasma dopamine β-hydroxylase activity or the cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise. It is concluded that clonidine is a useful alternative agent to block a minoxidil-induced increase in sympathetic nervous activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618775
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intravenous dopamine on blood pressure and plasma insulin in hypertensive patients (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 503-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Hypertension ; dopaminergic receptor ; insulin secretion ; cardiovascular system ; metoclopramide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven patients with moderate to severe hypertension were pre-treated with oral labetalol 800–1200 mg/day for one week, prior to receiving two IV infusions of dopamine 1–3 μg/kg/min each of 30 min each, before and after the IV bolus injection of metoclopramide 30 mg. There were washout periods before and after the metoclopramide administration. Dopamine induced a significant decrease of blood pressure from 172/104 to 153/94 mm Hg without altering heart rate, and it increased the plasma insulin level from 8.3 to 12.1 μU·ml−1. Metoclopramide did not itself affect blood pressure or plasma insulin, but it did block the hypotensive response and rise in plasma insulin due to dopamine. We conclude that the pharmacological actions of intravenous dopamine on the cardiovascular system and on insulin secretion may be mediated by dopaminergic receptor stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315305
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