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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Melanocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in the Mouse Epidermis (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Periodontology 2000 5 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0757
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Melanocyte-stimulating hormone plays an important role in the regulation of melanocyte differentiation in the mouse epidermis by inducing tyrosinase activity, melanosome formation, translocation of melanosomes, and increased dendritogenesis. The proliferative activity of differentiating epidermal melanocytes of newborn mice during the healing of skin wounds is regulated by semi-dominant genes, suggesting that the genes are involved in regulating the proliferative activity of epidermal melanocytes during differentiation. From the results of serum-free culture of epidermal cell suspensions from neonatal mouse skin, basic fibroblast growth factor is shown to stimulate the sustained proliferation of melanoblasts in the presence of dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate and keratinocyte-derived factors. Moreover, each step of melanocyte differentiation is controlled by numerous coat color genes. These genes control melanocyte differentiation by regulating the differentiation of neural crest cells into melanoblasts in embryonic skin, or by regulating the differentiation of neural crest cells into melanoblasts in embryonic skin, or by regulating transcription and/or translation of the tyrosinase gene in the differentiating melanocytes. These results suggest that melanocyte proliferation and differentiation in the mouse epidermis are controlled by both genetic factors and local tissue environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00776.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short- and long-term effects of low-dose prenatal X-irradiation in mouse cerebral cortex, with special reference to neuronal migration (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 93 (1997), S. 443-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Prenatal irradiation ; Neuronal migration ; Development ; Cerebral cortex ; Mouse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To elucidate the short- and long-term effects of ionizing radiation on cell migration in the developing cerebral cortex, we labeled proliferating cells on day 14 of gestation of mice with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) followed by a single exposure to 0.1–1 Gy of X-rays. The brains of embryos on day 17 and offspring at 2, 3 and 8 weeks after birth were processed for BrdU immunohistochemistry to trace the movements of BrdU-labeled cells. The location of BrdU-labeled neurons in the cerebral cortex was quantitatively analyzed between irradiated animals and non-irradiated controls. We have demonstrated that the initial migration of BrdU-labeled cells from the matrix cell zone towards the cortical plate during embryonic periods was decelerated when exposed to X-rays of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 Gy on embryonic day 14, and that aberrantly placed neurons in the cerebral neocortex were noted in younger animals that were irradiated prenatally, whereas such derangement was less pronounced in mature animals. These observations suggest that some modification process might have occurred during the postnatal period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050638
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical survey of the distribution of the epidermal melanoblasts and melanocytes in the mouse during fetal and postnatal periods (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 208 (1984), S. 589-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to clarify the time of onset of the differentiation of epidermal melanoblasts and melanocytes in C57BL/10J mice, pieces of skin were excised on various days after gestation and subjected to the dopa reaction and to the combined dopa-premelanin reaction. Cells positive to the combined dopa-premelanin reaction (melanoblast-melanocyte population) were first identified on prenatal day 14 in the dorsal and ventral skin, and increased in number until day 17. The population remained constant (about 140 cells/0.1 mm2 for the dorsal skin and about 65 cells/0.1 mm2 for the ventral skin) until postnatal day 4, and then decreased. However, cells positive to the dopa reaction (melanocyte population) were first indentified on prenatal day 16 in the dorsal and ventral skin, and increased until postnatal day 4 (about 95 cells/0.1 mm2 for the dorsal skin and about 25 cell/0.1 mm2 for the ventral skin), then gradually decreased and disappeared by day 30. These results indicate that mouse epidermal melanoblasts begin to differentiate on prenatal day 14, and 2 days later tyrosinase activity is induced within the cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092080414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of genic substitution at the brown locus on the differentiation of epidermal melanocytes in newborn mouse skin (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 209 (1984), S. 425-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the dorsal epidermis of both C57BL/10J (black, BB) and C57BR/cdJ (brown, bb) mice, the number of melanocytes positive to the dopa reaction (melanocyte population) increases from birth to day 3 or 4, and then gradually decreases. However, the number of melanoblasts plus melanocytes positive to the combined dopa-premelanin reaction (melanoblast-melanocyte population) remains constant until day 3 or 4 and then decreases in the two strains. Despite the similarity of the developmental dynamics in both black and brown mice, there is a significant difference in the number of differentiated melanocytes. Melanocytes are more numerous and more dopa-reactive in brown mice than in black. The maximal density of the melanoblast-melanocyte population on day 3 or 4 does not differ in brown and black mice. Moreover, the maximal density of the melanocyte population in brown epidermis does not differ from that of the melanoblast-melanocyte population of both brown and black. These results indicate that b allele, when homozygous, enhances the differentiation of epidermal melanoblasts by inducing high tyrosinase activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092090402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanocyte stimulating hormone induces the differentiation of mouse epidermal melanocytes in serum-free culture (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 152 (1992), S. 337-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In serum-free primary culture of dissociated mouse epidermal cells, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) induced the differentiation of melanocytes. Moreover, the proliferation of melanocytes was also induced in the dishes cultured with DBcAMP, but not with α-MSH. In order to clarify the role of keratinocytes in melanocyte proliferation and differentiation, pure cultures of keratinocytes were established in serum-free medium. Subconfluent primary keratinocytes were trypsinized and seeded into pure primary melanoblasts cultured with serum-free medium that did not contain α-MSH or DBcAMP. Melanoblasts were cultured with α-MSH or DBcAMP in the presence or absence of keratinocytes. α-MSH failed to induce melanocyte differentiation in the absence of keratinocytes. DBcAMP failed to induce melanocyte proliferation in the absence of keratinocytes, although it induced melanocyte differentiation even in the absence of keratinocytes. These results suggest that keratinocyte-derived factors are required not only for the induction of melanocyte differentiation by α-MSH but also for the induction of melanocyte proliferation by DBcAMP. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041520215
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth characteristics of human epidermal melanocytes in pure culture with special reference to genetic differences (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 135 (1988), S. 262-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human melanocyte cultures were established using disaggregated epidermal cell suspensions derived from foreskins and plated onto culture dishes in medium containing 2% fetal bovine serum, growth factors, hormones, and melanocyte growth factor (MGF) extracted from bovine hypothalamus (Wilkins et al., J. Cell. Physiol., 122: 350, 1985). After 2 days in culture the cells were transferred to serum-free medium to eliminate keratinocyte and fibroblast growth. Melanocytes grew preferentially and pure melanocyte populations could be harvested after 12-16 days in vitro. Melanocytes were later subcultured in the presence of 1% FBS. Pure melanocyte cultures were characterized by light and electron microscopic criteria, as well as by cytochemical demonstration of the melanocytes specific enzyme, tyrosinase. At the ultrastructural level, cultured melanocytes derived from black (negroid) neonatal skin (B-M) had numerous mature rodshaped stage IV melanosomes, while white (caucasoid) skin-derived melanocytes (W-M) in culture contained no mature melanosomes. Growth rate, cell yield, and in vitro lifespan for B-M were more than twice that for W-M in pure melanocyte cultures in the presence of MGF. Our results suggest that MGF-dependent growth of B-M differs from that of W-M.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041350213
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