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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2572-2574 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We consider new possibilities for cooling by vacuum tunneling. We examine a nanogeometry and find that large cooling currents can be obtained by a combination of energy selective tunneling of electrons and thermionic emission. The energy selective tunneling is a result of the special form of a potential barrier which has wider gap for low energy electrons, which results in electrons above the Fermi level being the principal tunneling component. Numerical calculations show that available material with work functions about 1.0 eV are useful for cooling. For gaps of 5–15 nm, which are well within the present state of the art, only a small external voltage (1–3 V) is required to create large currents and a useful Peltier coefficient of about 0.3, and cooling power of 100 W/cm2. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 7-11 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To study the effect of H2O2 on NO reduction with NH3, the homogeneous gas phase reaction of NH3—NO—H2O2—O2 was investigated in a Pyrex flow reactor over the temperature range from 500°C to 600°C under one atmospheric pressure. H2O2 accelerated the NO reduction by NH3 and caused it to be induced at a temperature of 500°C. In the absence of O2, NOx reduction ratio of more than 90% was obtained for NH3/NO=5 and H2O2/NO=1 at 550°C. In the presence of O2 or an excess of H2O2, two side reactions, which cause the NOx reduction ratio to decrease, occur.One of the side reactions is NO oxidation with H2O2. It was found experimentally that NO2 inhibited NO reduction and that H2O2 was an NO oxidizing agent, as well as an NH3 decomposing agent. The other side reaction was the formation of NO and NO2, which resulted from the oxidation of NH3 with O2. Under the conditions of our experiments, the amount of O2 in our reaction system was extremely high compared to the amounts of NO, NH3 and H2O2 in the system. Thus NOx was assumed to be produced by the oxidation of the NO reducing radicals, which were produced by the reaction of NH3 with H2O2.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 48 (1981), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Community maintenance ; Floristie composition ; Life form spectra ; Matter allocation ; Net production ; Species diversity ; Standing crop ; Type of life history
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To be able to deseribe the structure and functioning of Miscanthus sinensis grassland, its floristie composition, life-form spectra, stand productivity and dry matter allocation were studied. 43 species were to be found during the growing season of 1976. 29 species, and 345 individuals per 1 m2, were observed in the sample areas in September. The values for standing crop of constituent species have been arranged in ascending order. The dominant Raunkiaer life-forms were the hemicryptophyte and geophyte. The stand was characterized by erect and tufted forms in Numata's system of growth form classification. The standing crop of the whole stand decreased from April to June, then increased from mid-July. The maximum standing crop of 3346 g m-2was observed in September. The net production of the stand was 959.4 g m-2year-1. Fifty one percent of this net production was allocated to the underground organs which consume it for respiration during winter and for initial growth in the next growing season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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