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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 4596-4597 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 17 (1987), S. 1228-1233 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract o-Toluenesulphonamide has been electrolytically oxidized at low current density to saccharine in aqueous solutions of alkali carbonates on anodes coated with NiO(OH). This electrolytic oxidation led to a 40% yield of saccharine. The application of carbon and glassy-carbon counter electrodes or of various supports for the working electrodes did not result in improved saccharine yield. Moreover, the choice of a different potential and a different current density or the use of organic co-solvents did not substantially affect the course of the electrolytic oxidation. In the electrolytic oxidation ofo-toluenesulphonamide a parasitic evolution of oxygen occurred which caused a partial degradation of the starting material. In strongly alkaline media, i.e. in aqueous solutions of alkali hydroxides, a fission of the NH2 group with formation ofo-toluenesulphonate occurred during the electrolysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 238 (1996), S. 165-175 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: PTFE (Pulver oder Folien) wurde mit Alkyl- und Aryllithium in Gegenwart von Tetramethylethylendiamin (TMEDA) bei erhöhter Temperatur in einem Schritt defluoriert und derivatisiert. Die Anknüpfung von C4H9-, C8H17-, C12H25- oder Phenylgruppen an die teilweise defluorierte makromolekulare Kette wurde mit IR- und XPS-Spektroskopie sowie Elementaranalysen nachgewiesen. Die Einwirkung von Dilithiumaryl- oder Dilithiumalkylverbindungen auf PTFE unter identischen Reaktionsbedingungen führte vermutlich zu über die Alkyl- oder Arylgruppen vernetzten Polymerketten. Beim Einsatz von konzentrierten RLi-Lösungen (〉3 M) bei Temperaturen 〉150°C verläuft die Reaktion auch ohne TMEDA. Es bildet sich ein fast fluorfreies nichtalkyliertes Produkt. Die Reaktion unter Zugabe von TMEDA verläuft über eine Eliminierung und eine nukleophile Addition. Dagegen verläuft die Einwirkung konzentrierter Lithiumverbindungen ohne TMEDA über einen radikalischen Mechanismus.
    Notes: PTFE (powder or foils) was defluorinated and derivatized in a one-step process by alkyl- and aryllithium in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamineSystematic name: 1,2-Bis-[dimethylamino]ethane. (TMEDA) as a catalyst. As evidenced by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental analysis the C4H9-, C8H17-, C12H25- or phenyl groups were attached to a partly defluorinated macromolecular chain. Analogous reactions with dilithioaryl or dilithioalkyl agents presumably lead to crosslinking of the polymeric chains through alkyl or aryl groups. When the PTFE powder is treated with more concentrated RLi (〉3 mol L-1) at temperatures 〉150°C, the defluorination is almost quantitative even in the absence of the catalyst. The TMEDA-catalyzed reaction proceeds via elimination and nucleophilic addition. On the other hand, more concentrated RLi in the absence of the catalyst seems to react via a radical mechanism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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