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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Langerhans cell: an underestimated cell in atopic disease (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Langerhans cells (LC) are very potent antigen-presenting cells. In atopic disorders such as allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis LC are known to bear IgE surface molecules. IgE-positive LC can bind allergen and present it to T lymphocytes to induce an allergen-specific T-cell response and IgE synthesis. Therefore, IgE-bearing LC might play an important role in the triggering of the immune system to maintain ongoing IgE synthesis. The importance of the IgE-bearing LC in atopy has not been assessed but deserves further investigation to find out more about the part played by these cells, not only in the atopic disorders described here but also in others such as gastrointestinal allergy and allergic asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02701.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphatase cytochemistry with cerium as trapping agent (1986)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 84 (1986), S. 329-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lead is prevalently replaced by cerium as trapping agent in phosphatase cytochemistry to prevent nonspecific precipitation. Recently, substrate specific but artefactual lcad precipitates have been described in the nuclear envelope (NE) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) due to a local matrix effect. In the present study a verification was carried out of the localization of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase in the NE and RER of rat peritoneal macrophages and hepatocytes respectively with cerium. It appeared that precipitates of cerium phosphate in NE and RER of peritoneal macrophages do not represent sites of acid phosphatase activity but are due to the matrix effect. However, in rat hepatocytes these organelles demonstrate true reactive sites for glucose-6-phosphatase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482958
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A combined method for both endogenous myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase cytochemistry as well as immunoperoxidase surface labelling discriminating human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells and monocytes (1991)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 95 (1991), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary On light microscopical (LM) level dendritic cells (DC) isolated from lymphoid organs can be discriminated from macrophages (Mø) by the presence of acid phosphatase (APh) activity in a spot near the nucleus and constitutional expression of class II antigens. The aim of our study was to investigate whether DC and monocytes (Mo) enriched from human peripheral blood could be discriminated on the electron microscopical (EM) level. Therefore we developed a triple method by which we compared the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) containing vesicles, the localization of APh containing vesicles and expression of MHC class II and RFD1 (a DC-associated class II-like antigen) plasmamembrane antigens. DC, functionally characterized as potent stimulators in a MLR, are MPO-negative, whereas Mo show MPO in cytoplasmic granules. Although both DC and Mo show little APh activity at LM level, both types of cells show APh activity at the EM level but at different locations. In DC APh containing vesicles are present in a distinct juxtanuclear area, in contrast to Mo, which show APh activity in lysosomes scattered throughout the whole cytoplasm. Moreover, on both LM and EM level, DC are strongly class II positive, whereas Mo show variable labelling intensity for class II, while RFD1 was only found on DC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266744
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double labelling of major histocompatability complex molecules and lysosomal protein lamp-1 on human dendritic cells (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 26 (1994), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study, double labelling for major histocompatability complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules and for MHC molecules and the lysosomal membrane protein lamp-1 on ultrathin cryosections of dendritic cells isolated from human peripheral blood was performed. The plasma membrane proved to be positive for both MHC class I and MHC class II molecules and was labelled for only a very few lamp-1 molecules. MHC class I and MHC class II molecules did not co-localize intracellularly except in some peripherally located vesicles. However, many MHC class II-labelled vesicles were present in a juxtanuclear position but only some of them were co-labelled for lamp-1. These results indicate the presence of a separate, non-lysosomal compartment for class II molecules in dendritic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00157956
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interdigitating cells and macrophages in the acute involuting rat thymus (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 224 (1982), S. 291-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus (rat) irradiation ; Electron microscopy ; Interdigitating cells ; Macrophages ; Phagocytosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Phagocytic activity and population development of medullary interdigitating cells (IDC) and cortical macrophages have been studied in the rat thymus after irradiation-induced thymocyte necrosis. IDC clearly demonstrate phagocytic activity, particularly in the 16h stage after irradiation. At this stage the number of necrotic thymocytes is maximal and the total number of phagocytic cells is insufficient to phagocytize all necrotic material. IDC increase in number slightly and are predominantly phagocytizing in the corticomedullary region (CMR), where they appear to develop from macrophage-like cells. The results indicate that medullary IDC can be phagocytic but have a different developmental pathway than cortical macrophages. Cortical macrophages greatly increase in number and acquire the appearance of tingible body macrophages by phagocytizing many necrotic thymocytes. They seem to develop from monocytes that normally enter the thymus at the CMR. During the acute involution macrophages probably also enter the cortex via the connective tissue capsule. It is suggested that thymus medullary IDC probably belong to the mononuclear phagocytes, as do the cortical macrophages. In the specific medullary environment IDC gradually develop their characteristic ultrastructure for an apparently other than phagocytic function. The similarities between IDC and epidermal Langerhans cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216874
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the population of phagocytic cells in thymic cell suspensions (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus (rat) ; Cell suspensions ; Phagocytic cells ; Enzyme-and immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat thymic phagocytic cells were characterized in vitro using various light and electron-microscopical techniques. Thymic cell suspensions were mechanically prepared and enriched for non-lymphoid cells, which were predominantly phagocytic and of three types. Type I showed acid phosphatase (APh) activity in small granules dispersed throughout the cytoplasm and were mostly Ia antigen-positive, although the Ia membrane label varied in intensity and distribution among individual cells. Only a few cells had endogenous peroxidase activity. The type-I cells could not be clearly distinguished morphologically from type-II or -III cells, and most likely comprise precursors of both these cell types. Type-II were large pale cells with many slender cell processes. These cells had APh activity centrally positioned, were strongly positive for Ia on the cell membrane and were negative for endogenous peroxidase. The cytoplasm frequently contained Birbeck granules, which unequivocally classifies these cells as the in vitro equivalent of the interdigitating cells present in the medullary area of the thymus in situ. Type-III cells were rounded with a smooth or ruffled cell membrane and contained vacuoles and many phagolysosomes. They were strongly positive for APh which was present throughout the cytoplasm. About 50% of these cells were positive for endogenous peroxidase in a pattern resembling resident macrophages. The cells were negative for Ia antigens. Type-III cells mostly likely represent the macrophages found in the cortical area of the thymus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222183
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymph node accessory cells in the immune response (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node (rat) ; Birbeck granules ; Accessory cells ; Interdigitating cells ; Immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immune response in the rat parathymic lymph node was studied after administration of antigen into the peritoneal cavity. Special attention was paid to the accessory cells,which might induce the response. During the induction phase of the response a heterogeneous population of non-lymphoid mononuclear cells was present in the subcapsular sinus and the cortex of the node. These cells resemble “veiled cells” described in skin draining lymph and interdigitating cells in the paracortex of skin draining lymph nodes, but they do not contain Birbeck granules. It is concluded that the appearance of these granules depends on the site of the exudate provocation and that the presence of the organelles in these accessory cells is not obligatory for lymphocyte stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229197
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells in the immune response (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 227 (1982), S. 277-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node (rat) ; Macrophages ; Dendritic reticulum cells ; Immune response to paratyphoid vaccine ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The morphology and kinetics of macrophages and reticulum cells of rat lymph nodes have been studied in relation to the immune response to a second exposure to antigen. During the first 24 h after stimulation monocyte-like exudate macrophages, including some scattered interdigitating cells (IDC), contain granules similar to those present in epidermal Langerhans cells and lymph-borne veiled cells. In this induction phase these macrophages migrate from the marginal sinus into the paracortex and during the migration they gradually transform into IDC. In the proliferation phase the paracortex is mainly populated by transitional macrophages and there are almost no typical IDC present between the lymphoblasts. In the memory phase the relative number of IDC again rapidly increases. During this period in the paracortex there are often typical IDC which contain partially digested necrotic lymphocytes, thus resembling tingible body macrophages (TBM) of the germinal centre in this respect. It is suggested that the newly arrived macrophages induce the lymphoblast reaction, while mature IDC may have an inhibitory function in the memory phase of the immune response. In this phase the phagocytic potential of IDC is clearly shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210886
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of dendritic cells, isolated from normal and stimulated lymph nodes of the rat (1985)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 242 (1985), S. 469-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymph node ; Antigen stimulation ; Dendritic cells ; Enzyme- and immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Non-lymphoid dendritic cells were isolated from normal and paratyphoid vaccine-stimulated lymph nodes draining the rat skin. They were studied using enzymecytochemical, immunocytochemical and electron-microscopical methods. These cells had an irregular outline and an eccentrically situated nucleus. All showed acid phosphatase activity in a central area and expressed Ia antigen on the plasma membrane. Birbeck granules were exclusively present in dendritic cells isolated from lymph nodes in the induction phase of the immune response. This observation concurs with the presence of Birbeck granules in interdigitating cells in situ during the same period of the immune response. It is concluded that the dendritic cells are the in-vitro equivalents of the non-actively phagocytizing population of interdigitating cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the rat thymus: The micro-environment of T-lymphocyte maturation (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 218 (1981), S. 279-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Thymus micro-environment (rat) ; Epithelial cells ; Macrophages ; Interdigitating cells ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the micro-environment of the fully functional rat thymus was studied. The thymus consists of two discrete compartments, viz., an epithelial and a mesenchymal compartment. Thymus fibroblasts/fibrocytes, mast cells and granulocytes, are restricted to the mesenchymal compartment. The thymocyte maturation process seems to occur in the epithelial compartment in a network of reticular epithelial cells. The cortex is finely meshed and filled with proliferating thymocytes and some scattered macrophages. Moreover, in the medulla vacuolated epithelial cells form part of a loosely meshed reticulum which is filled with thymocytes and interdigitating cells (IDCs). IDCs frequently contain Birbeck granules and appear to be phagocytic. Together with macrophages, they probably enter the thymus, predominantly in the cortico-medullary region, and cross the separating wall between the two compartments. Some functional aspects of the non-lymphoid cells and in particular the IDCs, which form the micro-environment of the thymus, are discussed with respect to T-cell development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210344
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