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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of photoperiod and melatonin on testis size, body weight, and pelage colour in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus) (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 85 (1973), S. 267-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The responses of testes, body weight, and pelage colour to short and long photoperiods in winter were determined in adult male hamsters with and without the implantation of melatonin. Animals in winter condition, with involuted testes and winter pelage, were kept at 20 °C under conditions of either long (16 h per day) or short (8 h per day) photoperiods beginning on 2 January. In each condition one group was implanted three times at weekly intervals with melatonin in beeswax, a control group was implanted with beeswax only, and another control group was left untreated. A further control group remained in natural day light. After 37 days testes of the control groups in long photoperiods had reached summer condition, while the group treated with melatonin was delayed in testicular development, and closely resembled both the three shortday groups and the group kept in natural daylight (Fig. 2–4). In short photoperiods there was no difference between the group treated with melatonin and the two control groups. All groups showed some testis development as compared to animals killed at the beginning of the experiment. Hamsters kept under natural daylight showed a marked annual cycle of body weight which closely paralleled gonadal activity (Fig. 5). In the experimental groups there was a corresponding increase in body weight paralleling testicular development (Fig. 6). The two control groups in long photoperiods had a significantly higher increase in body weight than all other groups, while there were no significant differences between the groups treated with melatonin, the two short-day groups and the group under natural daylight. Testis size at the end of the experiment was highly correlated with increase in body weight (Fig. 7, and Table 1). Molt into summer pelage had started in all groups at the end of the experiment. Colour change was most advanced in the two control groups under long photoperiods, while the long-day group treated with melatonin resembled the short-day groups (Figs. 9 and 10). It is concluded that the change in physiological state from winter to summer is based on an endogenous mechanism, which is accelerated by long photoperiods, and that melatonin inhibits or greatly diminishes this acceleration while it does not inhibit spontaneous development towards summer condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694233
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depressivität mit Suizidalität als Nebenwirkung der Hochdosistherapie mit Interferon-αZwei Fallstudien (1999)
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 50 (1999), S. 266-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Interferon ; Nebenwirkungen ; Suizidalität ; Depression ; Melanom ; Key words Interferon ; Side effects ; Suicidal intention ; Depression ; Melanoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Adjuvant therapy with interferon for malignant melanoma causes neurotoxic side effects such as depression. The biochemical mechanisms are unknown. We report two cases with both depression and amnesia. In one case, attempted suicide was a companied by 7 h of amnesia. The diagnostic classification and possible explanations for the amnesia secondary to interferon therapy are reviewed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für die adjuvante Therapie mit Interferon bei Melanompatienten sind u.a. neurotoxische Nebenwirkungen wie Depressionen bekannt. Die kausalen biochemischen Wirkmechanismen sind noch nicht bekannt. In diesem Artikel werden 2 Fälle beschrieben, in denen Depressionen als Nebenwirkungen aufgetreten sind. In beiden Fällen traten zusätzlich amnestische Symptome auf. In einem Fall wurde ein Suizidversuch unternommen, für dessen Ablauf eine Amnesie über 7 h besteht. Beide Fälle werden hinsichtlich der diagnostischen Klassifikation und möglicher Erklärungen der amnestischen Symptome unter hochdosierter Interferon-Therapie diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001050050899
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical distribution of arm-movement-related neurons in the primate superior colliculus and underlying reticular formation in comparison with visual and saccadic cells (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 115 (1997), S. 206-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Superior colliculus ; Arm movement ; Reticular formation ; Tectofungal ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We recorded from 389 ”reach” neurons (two monkeys) in the superior colliculus (SC) and underlying reticular formation (RF) or adjacent periaqueductal grey, whose activity was related to visually guided arm movements. Reach neurons were present from approximately 0.7 mm down to a depth of 6 mm below the surface of the SC (mean 3.7±1.3, n=389). Although this mean distribution was different from that of cells with visual (mean depth 1.7±1.4 mm, n=283) or saccadic responses (mean depth 2.0±1.4 mm, n=232), there was a large amount of overlap. Fifty-five per cent of all reach cells (213/389) were assumed to be located inside the SC. The others were considered to be located in the underlying RF. The characteristics of visual responses and saccadic bursts (e.g. response latencies, discharge rates, burst durations) of arm-movement-related neurons were not different from those of typical visual or saccade cells in the SC. Although reach neurons could be recorded in a large area of the SC, they were found more often in the lateral than in the medial parts (chi-squared=19.3, P〈0.001). Possible pathways by which arm-movement-related neuronal activity in and below the SC might gain access to spinal motor structures are discussed. The location of arm-movement-related neurons described in this study is in accordance with the known target areas of skeletomotor-related corticotectal projections and with the sites of origin of tectofugal pathways. It is concluded that this population of reach cells is in a position to relay and transmit limb movement information to the spinal motor system, where it may influence (or interact with) motor commands coming from other motor centres.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005691
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spatial organisation of the excitatory region of receptive fields in the cat's superior colliculus (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 354-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Receptive field organisation ; Stimulus specificity ; Cat's superior colliculus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The spatial organisation of the excitatory regions of 54 receptive fields from cells in the cat's superior colliculus was studied. Rectangular light bars, dark bars and single contrast borders were used as stimuli. Average response histograms were compiled of the spike discharges elicited from collicular units by these stimuli. 2. A cell would normally respond to the light edge as well as to the dark edge of a stimulus crossing its receptive field. It was possible to describe for a particular unit and a particular direction of stimulus movement the area within the excitatory region of the receptive field responsive to each edge of the rectangular stimuli. In a particular field, these areas were either superimposed (32 units) or spatially separated from one another (22 units). 3. In the receptive fields in which the areas responsive to different edges of a stimulus were spatially offset for stimulus movement in one direction, they also were offset for all other directions of stimulus movement. The direction of this offset changed characteristically with the direction of stimulus movement, revealing a radial symmetry in the organisation of the excitatory region of the receptive field. 4. For units with offset edge-responsive areas, this offset determined the width and contrast of the optimal stimulus for the unit. 5. Receptive fields with superimposed edge-responsive areas are also radially symmetric. The optimal stimuli for units with these receptive fields are either narrow dark slits or narrow light slits. 6. The significance of these properties of collicular cells for coding the position, size and contrast of fast moving stimuli is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233428
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of excitatory and inhibitory regions in the receptive fields of single units in the cat's superior colliculus (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 333-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Superior colliculus ; Single units ; Receptive field organization ; Speed preferences ; Direction selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. The receptive field properties of single units in the cat superior colliculus have been analyzed quantitatively from average response histograms of the activity elicited in these units by moving light slits. 2. The majority of receptive fields, when tested with narrow (less than 0.5° wide) moving stimuli, have a single excitatory region. In the minority of the receptive fields, two or more spatially separated excitatory regions could be differentiated. Each excitatory region usually had an elliptical or rectangular shape with its major axis parallel or nearly parallel to the horizontal meridian of the visual field. A small proportion (1%) of the receptive fields had only inhibitory regions. 3. A majority of collicular units showed preferences for a particular speed of stimulus motion. Cells with preferences for slow (〈15°/sec) and medium (30° to 60°/sec) velocities had much more specific stimulus requirements than cells with preferences for fast velocities (〉100°/sec). There was also a positive correlation between the speed preference of a unit and the size of the excitatory region of its receptive field. 4. A high proportion of cells had little (〈1 spike/sec) spontaneous activity. Of units with high spontaneous activity, a majority had large excitatory regions in their receptive fields and did not show direction selectivity. 5. In addition to the excitatory regions in most receptive fields, there were also inhibitory regions. Stimulation of the latter suppressed both the excitatory response and background firing of the cell. The inhibition and excitation had the same latency, but inhibition lasted at least 150 msec after discontinuation of stimulation, thus reducing responsiveness of the cell after the stimulation. 6. It was found that the majority of collicular units possess a preference for stimulus movements away from the area centralis. 7. Evidence is presented supporting the view that direction selectivity in collicular units is principally determined by unidirectional inhibition. 8. Implications of these results for the mechanism determining receptive field organization in the colliculus are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233427
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-invasive evaluation of inflammation in atopic dermatitis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In atopic dermatitis the inflammatory reaction is quantified either clinically or histologically. While clinical evaluation has the major disadvantage of inter- and intraoperator variance, histological investigation requires invasive procedures. Therefore, standard techniques which provide both an objective and non-invasive form of examination are desirable.We investigated 20 patients with atopic dermatitis by means of high resolution 20-MHz b-*scan ultrasound. Investigations were performed on inflammatory skin lesions at regular intervals using a standardized combination of external treatment with α-methyl-prednisolon-aceponat ointment and UV-A/UV-B phototherapy until the lesions had healed. Skin colour (erythema) was assessed with the Minolta Chromameter CR 200 colorimeter according to the L*a*b* colour system.Sonograms of affected skin show a zone of low echogenicity below the so-called entry-echo. We refer to this as the echolucent area. Healing of a lesion is seen as a decrease in thickness and an increase in density of the skin in the sonographic image; the echolucent area disappears totally when the lesion has clinically healed. In five patients we excised small areas of skin to compare the sonographic and histological pictures of exactly the same site. This showed that the thickness of the subepidermal echolucent area corresponds to the inflammatory reaction representing both edema and cellular infiltration.Comparing the findings in sonography with the change in skin colour measurements we found that the a*-value of the L*a*b* colour system representing redness correlated well with the sonographic density of the echolucent area. In conclusion, 20-MHz-b-scan sonography and colorimetry are suitable methods for non-invasive, objective evaluation of the inflammatory process in atopic dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1994.tb00374.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Balneophototherapy – combined treatment of psoriasis vulgaris and atopic dermatitis with salt water baths and artificial ultraviolet radiation (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00102-4.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clearance of ichthyosis linearis circumflexa with balneophototherapy (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a 13-year-old boy suffering from severe ichthyosis linearis circumflexa. Evidence of hair shaft abnormalities and impaired immunity could not be found. The patient was treated with salt water baths and artificial UVB radiation (balneophototherapy) 3–5 times weekly. After 40 treatments with balneophototherapy the skin lesions were almost completely cleared and maintenance UVB monotherapy was performed twice weekly for 2 months. After 4 months, however, the disease relapsed. Balneophototherapy presents a potentially effective and well tolerated phototherapeutic option for ichthyosis linearis circumflexa. As only short periods of remission may be expected, intermittent balneophototherapy would be probably necessary to control the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00116.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Twenty MHz B-scan sonography for visualization and skin thickness measurement of human skin (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: As a non-invasive method, ultrasound is a suitable diagnostic procedure for routine in vivo examination of the human skin in dermatology. In this study 40 healthy test subjects were examined with a 20-MHz ultrasound scanner in order to determine the thickness and morphology of normal skin at 51 different sites. B-mode ultrasonography permits us to measure both the individual layers of the skin and deeper structures and to assess their definition and echogenicity. In both sexes the greatest skin thicknesses were found on: the shoulder-blade (mean thicknesses (mm), males 3.07/ females 2.47); the upper back (m, 3.04/f, 2.85); the chin (m, 3.04/f, 2.69); the lower lip (m, 2.66/f,2.50) and in the region of the lower back (m, 2.64/f, 2.39). Particularly thin skin was found on: the upper eyelid (m, 0.59/f, 0.64); the lower eyelid (m, 0.99/f, 0.86); in the groin (m. 0.97/f, 0.90); in the armpit (m, 1.01/f, 1.09) and on the forearm (m, 1.13/f. 1.00 mm). Knowledge of differences in the characteristic reflex patterns depending on the sex and age of the subject and the site of the skin examined forms the basis for assessment of pathological sonograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1994.tb00367.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional blood flow determinations in allergic reactions using laser Doppler scanning (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The new technique of laser Doppler scanning (LDS) provides a 2-dimensional pattern of cutaneous microcirculation, which offers a visual image and can quantify the intensity and expansion of perfusion. With the help of this technique, we examined the microcirculatory pattern of Type IV reactions to recall antigens, which were applied using a test stamp (Multitest Merieux). The measurements were performed before application of the test stamp as well as 10 min, 24, 48 and 72 h afterwards. The inflammatory hyperemia was evaluated using LDS and unidimensional laser Doppler fluxmetry. The diameter of the inflammatory infiltrate was quantified by means of palpation, the thickness by means of high-resolution 2U MHz sonography. The clinically visible erythema was measured planimetrically. An unspecific hyperemia resulting from the trauma of the stamp revealed no evident infiltrate under sonography 10 min after the test application. Depending of the individual reaction, the mean flux and the expansion of the hyperemia were at their peak after 48 h. The flux values were at a maximum in the center of the inflammatory reaction and dropped continuously toward the periphery. The area of the hyperemia seen in the LDS image was significantly larger than the expansion of the erythema measured planimetrically, but there was a significant correlation. The perfusion correlated significantly with the infiltration diameter (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) and the infiltration thickness 48 h after testing. All in all, it was possible to measure directly and without touching the skin and to quantify a subclinical pattern of skin perfusion as a response to and inflammatory reaction on a 2-dimensional display.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1995.tb02042.x
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