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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 26 (1992), S. 1460-1462 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Glueocorticoids ; 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase ; lipolysis ; glycogen metabolism ; insulin ; lipolytic action of glucocorticoids ; glucocorticoid-interaction with insulin ; cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les glucocorticoïdes stimulent la lipolyse qui est réduite chez les animaux surrénalectomisés. Cette action hormonale est contrecarrée par l'insuline. L'action antilipolytique de l'insuline semble être due à une réduction de la concentration intracellulaire de 3′5′-AMP. Cette réduction peut être attribuée en partie à une accélération due à l'insuline de la dégradation du 3′5′-AMP. On a montré que l'influence stimulatrice des glucocorticoïdes sur la lipolyse est due à une réduction de l'activité de la 3′5′-AMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE), qui est accrue par la surrénalectomie. L'activité de la phosphodiesterase est également augmentée dans le foie, le muscle strié et les reins des rats surrénalectomisés, le traitement par un glucocorticoïde prévient cette augmentation.In vitro, la phosphodiesterase purifiée du coeur de boeuf est inhibée par les glucocorticoïdes à fortes concentrations (K i=1.1 · 10−3 M pour l'hémisuccinate de 6 α-méthylprednisolone, (K i=1.6 · 10−3 M pour le succinate de prednisolone).In vivo, la diminution provoquée par les glucocorticoïdes de l'activité de la phosphodiesterase qui se produit au bout de quelque temps, comme on l'a montré dans le foie, peut essentiellement être attribuée à une synthèse diminuée de l'enzyme. Des études sur l'interaction de l'insuline et des glucocorticoïdes sur l'activité de la phosphodiesterase ont été effectuées sur le foie. Chez les rats surrénalectomisés, rendus diabétiques par l'alloxane, l'insuline stimule l'activité de la phosphodiesterase qui a été supprimée par un traitement avec un glucocorticoïde, l'activité de la phosphodiesterase qui n'a pas été supprimée n'est pas augmentée par l'insuline. Par contre, l'action des glucocorticoïdes sur l'activité de la phosphodiesterase est indépendante de l'action de l'insuline.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Lipolyse, die bei adrenalektomierten Tieren vermindert ist, wird durch Glucocorticoide verstärkt. Die gegenüber Glucocorticoiden antagonistische Wirkung von Insulin, das die Lipolyse vermindert, kann durch eine Abnahme der intracellulären 3′,5′-AMP-Konzentration erklärt werden. Diese ist teilweise auf einen beschleunigten Abbau des Nucleotids zurückzuführen. — Die Lipolysesteigerung durch Glucocorticoide ist durch eine Verminderung der 3′,5′-AMP-Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-Aktivität bedingt, die bei adrenalektomierten Ratten erhöht ist. Die PDE-Aktivität adrenalektomierter Tiere ist auch in Leber, Skeletmuskulatur und Niere erhöht, die Gabe eines Glucocorticoids verhindert diesen Anstieg. Glucocorticoide hemmen aus Rinderherz isolierte PDEin vitro, jedoch sind hohe Steroidkonzentrationen erforderlich (K i=1.1 · 10−3 M für 6 α-Methylprednisolon-Hemisuceinat, (K i=1,6 · 10−3 M für Prednisolon-Succinat). Die einige Stunden nach Gabe eines Glucocorticoids einsetzende Abnahme der PDE-Aktivität kann im wesentlichen auf eine verminderte Enzymsynthese zurückgeführt werden. — Insulin steigert bei adrenalektomierten, alloxandiabetischen Ratten die PDE-Aktivität in der Leber nur, wenn die Tiere mit einem Glucocorticoid behandelt sind, nicht jedoch die erhöhte PDE-Aktivität bei Fehlen von Glucocorticoiden. Der Einfluß von Glucocorticoiden auf die PDE-Aktivität ist dagegen nicht an die Wirkung von Insulin gebunden.
    Notes: Summary Glucocorticoids stimulate the rate of lipolysis which is reduced in adrenalectomized animals. This hormonal action is antagonized by insulin. The antilipolytic action of insulin appears to be mediated by a reduced intracellular concentration of 3′,5′-AMP. This reduction can partly be attributed to an insulin-induced acceleration of 3′,5′-AMP degradation. — It is shown that the stimulatory influence of glucocorticoids on lipolysis is due to a reduction of 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, which is increased by adrenalectomy. PDE activity was also increased in liver, skeletal muscle and kidney of adrenalectomized rats; treatment with a glucoeorticoid prevented this increase.In vitro, PDE purified from beef heart was inhibited by glucocorticoids in high concentrations (Ki=1.1 · 10−3 M for 6 α-methylprednisolone hemisuccinate,K i=1.6 · 10−3 M for prednisolone succinate).In vivo, the glucocorticoid-induced decrease of PDE activity (with retarded onset as shown in liver), may essentially be attributed to a decreased enzyme synthesis. — Studies on the interaction of insulin and glucocorticoids on PDE activity were performed in the liver. In adrenalectomized, alloxan diabetic rats insulin stimulated PDE activity suppressed by treatment with a glucoeorticoid, unsuppressed PDE activity was not increased by insulin. In contrast, the action of glucocorticoids on PDE activity was independent of the presence or the effectiveness of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase ; glycogen metabolism ; lipolysis ; insulin secretion ; antilipolytic action of insulin ; glycogen synthesis and insulin ; cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'influence de l'insuline sur le métabolisme du glycogène hépatique et sur la lipolyse semble s'exercer par l'intermédiaire d'une diminution de la concentration de 3,′5′-AMP intracellulaire. Onamontré une diminution de la formation de 3′5′-AMP dans le tissu adipeux incubé avec de l'insuline. L'influence de l'insuline sur la dégradation du 3,′5′-AMP est étudiée. — L'activité de la 3,′5′-AMP-phos-phodiestérase (PDE) est diminuée dans le foie, le tissu adipeux et, de façon non-significative, dans le muscle strié des rats qui manquent d'insuline, c-à-d les rats rendus diabétiques par l'alloxane ou les rats privés de nourriture. L'injection intraveineuse d'une faible dose d'insuline (0.5 U/kg) ou la stimulation de la sécrétion d'insuline endogène par une injection de glucose provoquent une augmentation rapide de l'activité de la phosphodiestérase dans ces tissus. 15 min après l'injection d'insuline, l'activité de la phosphodiesterase du foie est augmentée. L'effet maximum est atteint après 30–45 min. L'activité de la phosphodiestérase rénale n'est pas diminuée dans le diabète alloxanique, l'injection d'insuline s'est avérée inefficace.In vitro, l'insuline cristalline a un effet activant sur la phosphodiestérase purifiée du coeur de boeuf. La concentration d'insuline requise pour doubler l'activité de l'enzyme est de l'ordre de 2 · 10−5 M. Le traitement avec actinomycin D empêche la stimulation par l'insuline de la PDE dans le foie. Ceci peut indiquer que l'action de l'insuline sur l'activité de la phosphodiestérase est essentiellement basée sur une synthèse accrue de l'enzyme. A cause de l'influence de la sécrétion d'insuline sur la concentration en 3,′5′-AMP du foie et du tissu adipeux, le métabolisme du glycogène et la lipolyse peuvent s'adapter rapidement à la prise de nourriture.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung An der Steigerung der Glykogensynthese der Leber und der Verminderung der Lipolyse durch Insulin ist eine Abnahme der 3′,5′-AMP-Konzentration wesentlich beteiligt. Die 3′,5′-AMP-Bildung ist in Fettgewebe, das mit Insulin inkubiert wird, vermindert. Insulin beeinflußt jedoch auch den 3′,5′-AMP-Abbau. -Die 3′,5′-AMP-Phosphodiesterase (PDE)-Aktivität des Fettgewebes, der Leber und, in geringerem Grade, der Skeletmuskulatur ist im Insulinmangel vermindert, d.h. bei alloxandiabetischen oder hungernden Ratten. I.v. Injektion von 0,5 E/kg Insulin oder eine erhöhte Abgabe von Insulin aus dem Pankreas nach Glucoseinjektion führen in diesen Geweben zu einem raschen Anstieg der PDE-Aktivität. Dieser ist in der Leber schon 15 min nach Insulingabe nachweisbar und erreicht nach 30–45 min sein Maximum. In der Niere ist kein Einfluß von Insulin auf die PDE-Aktivität nachweisbar. — Aus Rinderherz isolierte PDE wirdin vitro durch Insulin aktiviert, jedoch werden2 · 10−5 M zur Verdopplung der Aktivität benötigt. Actinomycin D verhindert die Steigerung der Leber-PDE-Aktivität nach Insulininjektion. So kann die Wirkung des Hormons im wesentlichen auf eine gesteigerte PDE-Synthese zurückgeführt werden. — Durch diesen Einfluß der Insulininkretion auf die 3′,5′-AMP-Konzentration in Leber und Fettgewebe können Glykogenstoffwechsel und Lipolyse rasch an die Nahrungsaufnahme angepaßt werden.
    Notes: Summary Influence of insulin on liver glycogen metabolism and on lipolysis appears to be mediated by a decreased intracellular 3′,5′-AMP concentration. Reduced formation of 3′,5′-AMP had been shown in adipose tissue incubated with insulin. The influence of insulin on 3′,5′-AMP degradation has been investigated. — 3′,5′-AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was reduced in liver, adipose tissue and, insignificantly, in skeletal muscle of insulin deficient, i.e. alloxan diabetic or starved rats. I.V. injection of a low dose of insulin (0.5 U/kg) or stimulation of endogenous insulin secretion by injection of glucose led to a rapid increase of PDE activity in these tissues. 15 min after insulin injection liver PDE activity was increased. The maximal effect occurred after 30–45 min. Renal PDE activity was not decreased in alloxan diabetes, insulin injection has been found ineffective. —In vitro, there was an activating effect of crystalline insulin on PDE purified from beef heart. Insulin concentration required for duplication of enzyme activity was of the order of 2 · 10−5 M. Treatment with actinomycin D nearly prevented stimulation of liver PDE by insulin. This may indicate that the action of insulin on PDE activity is essentially based on an increased enzyme synthesis. — Owing to the influence of insulin secretion on liver and adipose tissue 3′,5′-AMP concentration, glycogen metabolism and lipolysis can be quickly adapted to food intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 22 (1993), S. 242-245 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Cesium ; Mine waste ; Mine tailings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract For over a century Medicine Lake in northern Idaho has received heavy-metal-laden tailings from the Coeur d'Alene mining district. Establishing the depositional chronology of the lake bottom sediments provides information on the source and rate of deposition of the tailings. Cesium-137, an isotope produced in the atmosphere by nuclear bomb tests, was virtually absent in the environment prior to 1951, but reached its apex in 1964. Our analysis of cesium-137 in the sediments of Medicine Lake revealed that 14 cm of fine-grained tailings were deposited in the lake from 1951 to 1964 and tailing deposition downstream was greatly reduced by the installation of tailings dams in the district in 1968. Cesium-137 analysis is accomplished by a fairly simple gamma-ray counting technique and should be a valuable tool for analyzing sedimentation in any lacustrine environment that was active during the 1950s and 1960s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 24 (1956), S. 49-59 
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung von Fermenten auf Mikroorganismen an einzelnen Vertretern von Bakterien, Hefen und Schimmelpilzen studiert. In allen Fällen konnten übereinstimmende Veränderungen beobachtet werden, deren Untersuchung und Deutung aber bei den Hefezellen am besten möglich war. Von dem eiweißspaltenden Papain wurde nach unseren Beobachtungen bei allen untersuchten Mikroorganismen das Protoplasma verflüssigt und bei Hefe und Pilzhyphen auch die Zellwand zum Großteil aufgelöst. Die Zeitdauer dieses Vorganges schwankt bei den einzelnen Organismen zwischen einigen Tagen und bis zu 2 Wochen. Der Eiweißreservestoff Volutin wurde in keinem Fall angegriffen. Bei den sehr widerstandsfähigen Pilzsporen wurde anscheinend das Chitin aus der Zellmembran abgebaut und das daneben enthaltene Fett trat in verhältnismäßig großer Menge aus. Bei den Untersuchungen bedienten wir uns neben dem Lichtmikroskop hauptsächlich des Phasenkontrastmikroskopes, das ja die Beobachtung von Viscositätsänderungen bzw. Dichteveränderungen einzelner Bezirke im Inneren der Zelle erst ermöglicht. Auch unter dem Elektronenmikroskop konnten, allerdings erst nach eingehendem Studium mit dem Lichtmikroskop, aufschlußreiche Beobachtungen über den Abbau von Zellwand und Protoplasma gemacht werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.16.C; 73.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We used a quartz tuning fork vibrating at 30 kHz both as an acoustic near field microscope and at the same time as a microscopic Kelvin probe. One leg of the tuning fork carried a small gold electrode serving as a conducting vibrating tip. By using this instrument and the method described here it is possible to measure simultaneously both the surface topography of the sample surface and the contact potential between tip and sample. The topography is observed by operating the instrument as an acoustic near field microscope. The contact potential between the vibrating tip and the sample gives rise to a displacement current which is used here for the determination of the contact potential. In first applications of this method we demonstrate that the contact potential can be measured with a sensitivity of at least 100 mV and a local resolution of about 5 μm. It seems possible to use the microscopic method described here also for investigating local potentials at low temperatures and even in high magnetic fields. For example, the microscopic study of the Hall voltages in the quantum Hall effect might be an interesting application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 427-430 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: alinidine ; asthma ; COLD ; bradycardic agent ; drug safety ; respiratory function ; heart rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alinidine is a new bradycardic agent which has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Patients with both coronary heart disease and obstructive lung disease are difficult to treat, because the use of beta-blockers in them is greatly limited by their potential to provoke bronchospasm. Alinidine has no beta-blocking, muscarinic or quinidine-like properties. In a randomized double-blind cross-over study the heart rate reducing effect and safety of alinidine 40 mg p.o. has been examined in 12 symptom-free asthmatics. Alinidine significantly reduced mean heart rate from 81±10.5 beats/min to 65±9.7 beats/min two hours after administration. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), vital capacity (CV), airway resistance (Raw), functional residual capacity (FRC), and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were not affected. It is concluded that alinidine did not influence respiratory function in patients with bronchial hypersensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0008-8080
    Topics: History , Theology and Religious Studies
    Notes: BOOK REVIEWS AND REVIEWERS
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 54 (Sept. 2008), p. 401-404 
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: A thick film anemometer for in situ control of the flow rate in fluidic systems wasdesigned, manufactured and characterized. The sensor is integrated in a retention modulusconsisting of Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics (LTCC). These materials allow the cost-effectiverealisation of fluidic microsystems with integrated electronics. The challenge of the work is todesign an anemometer under the exclusive use of thick film technologies. The necessity to trimresistors causes the external use of relevant pastes. Therefore, the use inside of a closed fluidicsystem requires the leak of process gases and, at the same time, a maximal heat-insulating of thesensor element from the substrate. Free-standing elements necessitate the control of stress due toshrinking mismatch, TCE mismatch, density gradients and deformation during the lamination. Inthe presented solution, embossed flue channels prevent blow forming on a free-standing bridge. Theanemometer has a linear sensor characteristic for flow rates up to 0.1 ml/min. The layout guaranteesthat the fluid gets only in contact with the basic ceramic material, which is compatible with a widerange of biological substances. Therefore the sensor is applicable in contact with cell fluids or PCRreagents
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To define more clearly the neuropathophysiology of eclampsia utilising single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), cerebral computerised tomography (CT) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography.Design A prospective study.Setting The obstetric unit in King Edward VIII Hospital, a large tertiary referral centre hi Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa.Participants Sixty-five women with eclampsia.Interventions Imaging and ultrasonographic investigations were performed within 48 hours postpartum. Unenhanced cerebral CT scans were performed in all the women and SPECT scans were performed on 63 women using Technetium-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime (99mTc-HMPAO) as a tracer of regional cerebral blood flow. Middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity waveforms were measured using 2 MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound via the transtemporal approach.Main outcome measures Abnormalities in SPECT scan, CT scan and TCD ultrasound findings.Results SPECT scanning revealed perfusion deficits in the watershed areas in all women, 75% of whom had concomitant deficits in the parieto-occipital areas of the brain. Hypodensities (cerebral oedema) were reported in 38 CT scans (58.5%), with parieto-occipital involvement in 97.4% of cases. Increased flow velocity measurements in the middle and posterior cerebral arteries were recorded in 36 (85.7%) women in whom TCD ultrasound was performed.Conclusion The pathophysiological mechanism of eclamptic seizures is primary cerebral vasospasm with resultant ischaemia and cerebral oedema involving mainly the watershed areas and parieto-occipital lobes of the brain. SPECT scanning has been shown to be superior to CT scanning and TCD ultrasonography in detecting neuropathophysiologic alterations in eclampsia. However, each of the three investigative tools provide its own unique information and all three are necessary research techniques to improve our understanding of the neuropathophysiological mechanism of eclamptic seizures.
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