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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 51 (1989), S. 225-231 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Oechalia schellembergii ; Searching ; behaviour ; prey perception ; speed of the prey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé O. schellenbergii Guerin-Meneville utilise la vision et l'olfaction pour découvrir ses proies, les chenilles d'Heliothis punctigera Wallenberg. La vision est importante dans la détection des proies en mouvement et l'olfaction aide à la découverte des chenilles immobiles. Les prédateurs consacrent relativement moins de temps à localiser les chenilles mobiles qu'immobiles. Des chenilles mortes mais artificiellement remuées sont perçues et ainsi sujettes à plus d'attaques que si elles étaient immobiles. Les prédateurs réagissent aux excréments des chenilles, ils les touchent avec leurs antennes, les sondent et s'engagent dans une prospection intense aux alentours. Ils ne réagissent qu'à faible distance à une proie cachée et immobile. Le vernissage des antennes semble avoir eu plus d'effet sur la prospection que le vernissage des yeux et des ocelles. Cependant, les punaises dont la vision était compromise ne distinguaient pas les extrémités antérieure et postérieure de la chenille, qui était souvent manquée lors du sondage. Ce sondage des proies était d'ailleurs toujours perturbé; par contre, les individus intacts, attaquaient sélectivement l'extrémité antérieure des chenilles. Le comportement de prospection des punaises, dont la vision et l'olfaction étaient bloquées, était anormal. Elles cherchaient sporadiquement avec leurs rostres, tout en se déplaçant autour de leurs proies, localisées aussi par l'utilisation des tarses antérieurs. Le mouvement de la proie a joué un rôle fondamental dans la détection. Les chenilles lentes ont semblé plus susceptibles d'être découvertes et ainsi attaquées que les rapides.
    Notes: Abstract The predaceous pentatomid, Oechalia schellembergii (Guérin-Meneville) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) used vision and olfaction to locate Heliothis punctigera (Wallengren) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Oechalia schellembergii took relatively less time to locate wandering than stationary larvae. Dead, but artificially moved larvae were more prone to attacks than stationary larvae. Predators showed positive response to larval frass, they antennated, probed and carried out an intensive search in its vicinity. Oechalia schellembergii responded to prey that was both concealed and stationary at a close range only. Impairing of antennae had a greater impact on predators searching ability than impairing of eyes and ocelli. Predators without vision failed to differentiate between the anterior and posterior end of the prey and while probing often missed the larva. In contrast, non-impaired individuals selectively attacked the anterior end of prey. Predators with vision and olfaction blocked showed an unusual search pattern. They searched sporadically with proboscis stretched, and also used front tarsi to locate prey. Prey movement played a major part in prey detection. Slow moving larvae appeared to be perceived less readily by predators than fast moving larvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Western avocado leafroller ; Amorbia cuneana ; sex pheromone ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The major volatile components in the extract of the female sex pheromone gland ofAmorbia cuneana consisted of (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. The identification was based on electroantennogram bioassay of gas Chromatographic effluent from sex pheromone gland extract, relative retention times on polar and nonpolar gas chromatographic columns, chemical degradation (ozonolysis, saponification), mass spectrometry, chemical synthetic methods, and field tests. Based on mass spectrometry and retention times by capillary gas chromatography, traces of (E)-10-tetradecen-1-ol acetate and 1-tetradecanol acetate were also present in the extract. Traps baited with a combination of synthetic (E,E)- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates caught more males than did traps baited with females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Sabulodes caberata Guenée ; Sabulodes aegrotata Guenée ; omnivorous looper ; Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; sex pheromone ; (Z,Z)-6,9-nonadecadiene ; (Z)-9-nonadecenekw] ; n-nonadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A 6,9-nonadecadiene, (Z)-9-nonadecene, andn-nonadecane were identified in extracts of sex pheromone glands of femaleSabulodes caberata Guenée. Potential pheromonal activity of gland components was assessed by electroantennogram measurements of gas-chromatographic fractions of abdominal tip extracts. Chemical identification was based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of parent compounds, hydrogenation products, ozonolysis products, dimethyl disulfide adducts, and synthesis. The monoene was synthesized via coupling of alkyl and acetylenic intermediates. (Z,Z)-6,9-Nonadecadiene (Z6,Z9-19∶H) was synthesized from methyl linoleate via chain lengthening. SyntheticZ6,Z9-19∶H had the same retention times on polar and nonpolar capillary gas-chromatographic columns as the 6,9-nonadecadiene from the sex pheromone glands. In field testsZ6,Z9-19:H alone produced trap catch of maleS. caberata and addition of (Z)-9-nonadecene orn-nonadecane had no effect on trap catch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 1239-1245 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Amorbia cuneana ; Amorbia essigana ; sex pheromone ; sex pheromone component ratios ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; (E,E)-10,12-tetra-decadien-1-ol acetate ; (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The most effective lure for maleAmorbia cuneana (Walsingham) in Orange, Ventura, and Riverside counties of California was previously found to be a 1∶1 ratio of (E,E)-10,12- and (E,Z)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol acetates. In subsequent field tests in San Diego and Santa Barbara counties, this lure was ineffective. Analysis of sex pheromone glands (SPG) of femaleA. cuneana from these two counties showed theEE:EZ ratio to be about 1∶9 and synthetic lures of this composition were highly attractive in these areas. Analysis of the SPG of a number of females from both areas showed that there were three population types: two in the low ratio areas possessed 37 and 58%EZ, and the third in the high ratio areas possessed 89%EZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Trichogramma ostriniae ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; biological control ; host range
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Trichogramma ostriniae a été identifié comme un auxiliaire potentiel contreOstrinia nubilalis. Comme la biologie de ce parasitoïde élevé surO. nubilalis est encore peu connu, nous avons entrepris des expériences pour quantifier des paramètres biologiques importants pour l'élevage de masse et l'utilisation deT. ostriniae. Lorsqu'elle est élevée uniquement surO. nubilalis, la femelle deT. ostriniae a une durée de vie moyenne de 2,7 jours et produit une moyenne de 24 descendants. L'accès continu au miel provoque une augmentation de la longévité et de la fécondité multipliée par 4 ainsi qu'un accroissement significatif du pourcentage de femelles parasitant les œufs. Les taux de fécondité et de parasitisme diminuent avec l'âge des femelles. De même, le taux d'émergence et le pourcentage de descendance femelle décroissent avec l'âge de la femelle.T. ostriniae parasite avec succès les œufs d'O. nubilalis jusqu'au stade de noircissement de la capsule céphalique. Le parasitisme des œufs et l'éclosion des adultes ont lieu essentiellement durant la première moitié de la photophase. Les œufs de treize espèces de Lépidoptères ont été parasités parT. ostriniae. Les œufs de Noctuidae, Pyralidae et Plutellidae présentent des niveaux de parasitisme plus élevés que ceux des autres Lépidoptères testés.T. ostriniae est semblable à d'autres espèces de Trichogrammes sur plusieurs points et ne possède pas de caractères limitant ses potentialités en vue d'un élevage de masse et de son utilisation en lutte biologique contreO. nubilalis par des lâchers de renforcement.
    Notes: Abstract Trichogramma ostriniae has been identified as a candidate for biological control ofOstrinia nubilalis. As little was known about the biology of this parasitoid when reared onO. nubilalis, we undertook experiments to quantify biological parameters important to mass-rearing and ase ofT. ostriniae. When reared continuously onO. nubilalis, femaleT. ostriniae on average lived 2.7 days and produced 24 progeny. Continuous access to honey resulted in a four-fold increase in longevity and fecundity and a significant increase in the percentage of females parasitizing eggs. Rates of fecundity and parasitism decreased with age of female. Likewise, emergence rates and percentage of female progeny decreased with age of parental female.T. ostriniae successfully parasitizedO. nubilalis eggs until the blackhead stage. Most parasitism of eggs and eclosion of adults occurred during the first half of photophase. Eggs of 13 Lepidopterans were parasitized byT. ostriniae. Eggs of the Noctuidae, Pyralidae, and Plutellidae experienced higher levels of parasitism than others tested.T. ostriniae appears to be similar to other species ofTrichogramma in several respects and does not possess any characteristics that limit its potential for mass rearing and use for augmentative biological control ofO. nubilalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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