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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 15 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To report early clinical experience with intraurethral instillation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for the detection of clinical lesions (condyloma acuminata) and subclinical human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions of the urethra, not visible by conventional endoscopy.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Subjects and settingEighty-four men with clinical diagnosis of condyloma acuminata were examined for urethral HPV lesions at the Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsThe anogenital areas of the patients were thoroughly examined using a magnifying glass before and after application of 5% acetic acid. Conventional as well as fluorescence urethroscopy were performed 1 h after topical application of 0.1% ALA for 15 min. A sensitive colour charge-coupled device camera for fluorescence video inspection was used with spectral analysis. Biopsies were taken for histological examination and HPV detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsForty-three of 84 men attending our clinic for condyloma acuminata had clinical HPV lesions of the urethra. Condylomas of the proximal urethra were found by conventional endoscopy in eight patients. Fluorescence urethroscopy detected additional subclinical lesions in 13 men. All lesions were HPV infections of the urethra confirmed histologically or by PCR. In nine of these subclinical urethra lesions low-risk HPV types (HPV6, 11, 34) were found. Four lesions were associated with high-risk types (HPV18, 31, 52, 58).〈section xml:id="abs1-6"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsFluorescence urethroscopy is a promising diagnostic procedure for detecting subtle clinical and subclinical HPV lesions of the urethra, that are normally not visualized by conventional endoscopy. Generally, urethroscopy is recommended in all cases of externally visible condylomas of the urethra after therapy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 97 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The geoid anomaly due to the oceanic and the continental lithosphere is a second-order quantity which is sensitive to the definition of isostasy. As the geoid and the compensation level (=200 km depth) are both equipotential surfaces, further potential changes are induced due to infilling of sea-water above and mantle material below, until equilibrium is maintained. the final geoid is composed of seven second-order effects. In this work the surface of the earth is divided into 36 times 18 spherical trapezoids, 10°× 10° each, and age is assigned to each trapezoid containing oceanic lithosphere using the map of Larson et al. the geoid anomaly is calculated using the method of rings, in which a set of 18 rings about an arbitrary point (observation point) covers the whole earth. Over most of the earth, the direct dipole effect is dominant relative to the direct mass effect. the final geoid anomaly, after the self-deformation effect, can be up to twice as much as the initial mass and dipole signals. the calculated geoid follows some major observed anomalies over the earth such as the geoid high in the west Pacific and the low in the Indian ocean; but is poorly correlated with the observed geoid due to large and wide anomalies, presumably caused by flow in the mantle, such as the low over Antarctica. These results suggest, although not statistically significant, that the residual geoid variance reaches a minimum if the reference density under the oceanic lithosphere of 3.28 gcm-3 is slightly higher than the 3.26gcm-3 under the continental lithosphere.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 99 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: Small earthquakes in the Dead Sea depression, part of the Jordan valley-Dead Sea rift, were recorded and analysed. With 117 identified events of 0.5 ≤ML≤ 4.2, the microseismicity, recorded by a local portable network during a period of about 20 months, shows a normal rate of seismicity for the region with b values around 0.8. The recorded seismicity is mainly confined to the basin and its boundaries. In the southern part of the Dead Sea basin we found a tendency to clustering, which is clearly demonstrated in very similar seismograms of several events recorded at the same station. Two clusters on the eastern fault are separated by an area with no seismicity for at least 5 yr. Relative location of events in one of the clusters exhibits a clear north-south lineament. Two active north-south left-lateral strike-slip faults along the east and west boundaries of the southern section of the Dead Sea basin are distinguished and confirmed by using composite focal mechanism solutions. In four, out of more than 60 events, we found normal faulting, where one has a ML= 4.1. For 34 events with 1.6 ≤ML≤ 4.2 we found seismic moment estimates, M0, of 1.2 × 1019≤M0≤ 2.3 times 1022 dyne cm and Brune stress drop estimates, Δs̀, between 0.6 and 92 bars. For earthquakes of M0 smaller than about 5 times 1021 dyne cm, we found only small variations in corner frequency, f0, resulting in decreasing Δs̀ with decreasing M0. This breakdown of the scaling relation for small earthquakes suggests an fmax slightly lower than 10 Hz for the Dead Sea region. The fmax is confirmed by available accelerometer data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 97 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie
    Notizen: The geoid anomaly due to lithospheric changes, such as cooling, is a second-order quantity which is highly sensitive to the definition of isostasy. Many different terms must be summed over a range of depths, so a simplified test planet is required to make sure the algorithm is working correctly. Our model planet consists of an ocean underlain by lithosphere and asthenosphere; there are two ocean ridges along 0° and 180° longitudes, and two trenches along 90° and 270° longitudes. the oceanic plates are moving away from the ridge with a velocity of 5 cm yr-1 at the equator. Pressure is assumed constant at the compensation depth, which is itself an equipotential surface. We use the method of rings, in which a set of 18 rings about an arbitrary pole (observation point) cover the whole earth. This method allows the anomaly source depth to be taken into account. Changes in the equipotential surface height both above and below any ring induce mass changes due to infilling with sea-water and mantle material, respectively. These mass changes cause further changes in the geoidal height over and below all the other rings, and the problem renders itself into a set of linear simultaneous equations. the final geoid is a product of seven second-order effects. the direct dipole effect due to the density differences in the cooling lithosphere (Lister 1982) produces a geoidal elevation of ≤11 m and ≥−11 m over the ridge and the trench, respectively. the direct mass effect (Vening Meinesz 1946), due to the fact that a column on a sphere is pie-shaped (and not straight sided as on a flat earth model), produces a geoidal elevation of ≤12 m and ≥−11 m over the ridge and the trench, respectively. the final geoidal elevation, due to the direct and indirect effects, is ≤26 m and ≥−26 m over the ridge and the trench, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 73 (1992), S. 239-254 
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter MRT ; Laser ; Thermotherapie ; Temperatur ; Prostata ; Key words MRI ; Laser and lasers ; Thermotherapy ; Temperature ; Prostate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Purpose: To assess the clinical value of MRI in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) before, during, and after interstitial laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) of the prostate. Methods: Ten patients with symptomatic BPH had MRI examinations of the prostate 48 h before and after LITT. Online monitoring with MRI at 1.5 T of interstitial Nd:YAG laser energy deposition in the prostate was performed in two patients, repeating a T1-weighted FLASH sequence (TR 100 ms, TE 5 ms, flip angle 90 °) every 20 s. Follow-up MRI examinations 2–3 weeks, 6–8 weeks, and 6–12 months after LITT were carried out in eight patients, using T2-weighted FSE images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted SE images. Results: The prostate was well delineated in all patients on T2-weighted FSE images, with a rather homogeneous peripheral gland and an inhomogeneous central gland. Volume measurements yielded reproducibilities of 3.2 %–4.7 %. Signal intensity in the FLASH sequence decreased during LITT, both in the prostate in vivo and in specimens of bovine prostate and seminal vesicles in vitro, with signal developments running in parallel. Areas of energy deposition and signal alteration were not sharply delineated. The latter margin of the laser-induced lesions could not be predicted from the FLASH images, while the tip of the laser fibre was easily recognized. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images immediately after LITT clearly demarcated low signal intensity laser lesions from high signal intensity surrounding prostate tissue. Follow-up examinations showed a decrease of 20 % of prostate volume over a period of 6–12 months after LITT. Correlation between prostate volume development and lesion volume alteration was 0.85–0.90 (P = 0.002–0.007) at all follow-up times. Conclusions: MRI allows rather precise recognition of intraprostatic alterations after LITT, including volume changes over a period of up to 1 year after therapy that can be predicted immediately after LITT. While laser energy deposition in the prostate can be monitored by MRI with T1-weighted FLASH sequences as a function of temperature alteration, it is not possible to determine the lesion margins immediately from the FLASH images. Online temperature development map generation will be necessary to influence ongoing LITT procedures with MRI.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) ermöglicht eine nicht-invasive Bestimmung von Temperaturänderungen in Proben und lebenden Geweben. Beim Monitoring der interstitiellen laserinduzierten Thermotherapie (LITT) während der Patientenbehandlung werden derzeit vor allem relativ T1-gewichtete FLASH-Sequenzen eingesetzt. In eigenen Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit benigner Prostatahyperplasie konnte mit T1-gewichteten FLASH-Sequenzen eine mit zunehmender interstitieller Energiedeposition im Prostatagewebe durch einen Nd: YAG-Laser proportional deutlich abnehmende Signalintensität um die Laserlichtleiterspitze nachgewiesen werden. Das MR-Signal nahm dabei den gleichen Verlauf wie in Proben bovinen Prostata- und Samenblasengewebes, die unter gleichen Bedingungen behandelt wurden, und kehrte nach Bestrahlungsende zur Ausgangsintensität zurück. Während die Ränder der Laserläsionsareale während der LITT in den FLASH-Sequenzen nicht sicher abgegrenzt werden konnten, waren die Läsionen unmittelbar nach LITT in kontrastverstärkten T1-gewichteten Spinechoaufnahmen als signalarme Areale klar vom signalreichen, hyperämischen Umgebungsgewebe abgrenzbar. Die Größe der gesamten Prostata und der Innendrüse konnte in T2-gewichteten TSE-Aufnahmen mit einer Reproduzierbarkeit von + / − 3,2–4,7 % bestimmt werden. Bei Nachuntersuchungen an 8 Patienten über 6–12 Monate nahmen die Volumina von Gesamt- und Innendrüse im Durchschnitt um jeweils 20 % ab. Dabei korrelierte die Volumenänderung 2–3 Wochen, 6–8 Wochen und 6–12 Monate nach Therapie stets mit Koeffizienten von 0,85–0,90 mit der Entwicklung der Laserläsionsgröße.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Nierenzellkarzinom ; Immuntherapie ; Prognose ; Zytokine ; Key words Renal cell carcinoma ; Immunotherapy ; Prognosis ; Cytokines
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary The immunogenic potential of renal cell carcinoma and the resistance of its metastases against chemotherapy, radiation and hormonal treatment have led to the development of a great number and variety of different strategies, summarized under the term immunotherapy. Objective remissions can be expected in about 20–40 % of patients. Another 30–40 % show stable disease for a limited time, only occasionally for longer. Most results are from uncontrolled phase II studies. A cancer cure can usually not be expected, long-term remissions are rare (5 %), and high remission rates are only observed in studies with strong patient selection. Some authors have reported a higher survival rate in patients treated with IL-2 or IFN. Survival of patients with objective remissions is significantly improved. A standard therapy cannot be defined. Even presuming an increased survival rate, the toxicity, which can lead to a dramatic reduction in quality of life, and the high costs have to be considered carefully. We think that in view of the lack of therapeutic alternatives, the improving efficacy, the potential survival benefit, the reduction of toxicity and the perspectives, immunotherapy is essential in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Its use should be confined to clinical studies.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Immunogenität des Nierenzellkarzinoms und die Resistenz seiner Metastasen gegen Chemo-, Strahlen- und Hormontherapien führten zur Etablierung einer Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen unter dem Begriff Immuntherapie zusammengefaßten Strategien. Die erzielbaren Remissionsraten liegen in der Regel zwischen 20 und 40 %. Zusätzlich kommt es bei 30–40 % der Patienten zu einer zeitlich limitierten, in Einzelfällen auch Jahre andauernden Stabilisierung der Erkrankung. Überwiegend handelt es sich hierbei um Ergebnisse unkontrollierter Phase-II-Studien. Heilungen sind in der Regel nicht zu erwarten, Langzeitremissionen sind selten (5 %) und hohe Remissionsraten können nur an selektionierten Patientenkollektiven erzielt werden. Einige Autoren beschreiben einen Überlebensvorteil für immuntherapierte Patienten gegenüber Nicht- oder Chemotherapierten. Gesichert ist ein Überlebensvorteil für Patienten mit objektiven Remissionen. Eine Standardtherapie läßt sich derzeit nicht definieren. Auch unter der Annahme eines Überlebensvorteils, müssen der Verlust an Lebensqualität bedingt durch die Toxizität der gängigen Therapieprotokolle sowie deren hohe Kosten berücksichtigt werden. Aufgrund des Fehlens therapeutischer Alternativen, einer zu erwartenden Verbesserung der momentan erreichbaren Remissionsraten und des von einigen Autoren berichteten Überlebensvorteil für immuntherapierte Patienten [15, 16, 26, 30, 31], halten wir die Immuntherapie für einen essentiellen Bestandteil in der Therapie des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms. Die Anwendung sollte in der Regel im Rahmen klinischer Studien erfolgen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Early dissemination of malignant cells is the main cause for metastatic relapse in patients with solid tumours. By use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for cytokeratins, disseminated individual epithelial tumour cells can now be identified in mesenchymal organs such as bone marrow. Further to characterize such cells in patients with prostate cancer, an immunocytochemical procedure was developed for simultaneous labelling of cytokeratin component no. 18 (CK18) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). In a first step, cells were incubated with mAb ER-PR8 against PSA and secondary gold-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibodies. In a second step, biotinylated mAb CK2 to CK18 was applied as primary antibody and subsequently incubated with complexes of streptavidin-conjugated alkaline phosphatase, which were developed with the Newfuchsin substrate. The binding of gold-labelled antibodies was visualized by silver enhancement. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique was demonstrated on cryostat sections of hyperplastic prostatic tissue, and cytological preparations of LNCaP prostatic tumour cells. Double staining was restricted to cells derived from the secretory epithelium of the prostate. Cross-reactivity between both detection systems was excluded by several controls, including the use of unrelated antibodies of the same isotype and the staining of CK18+/PSA− HT29 colon carcinoma cells. CK18+ cells co-expressing PSA were found in bone marrow aspirates from 5 out of 13 patients with carcinomas of the prostate, a finding that is consistent with the relative fraction of double-positive LNCaP cells. The specificity of CK18 for epithelial tumour cells in bone marrow was supported by negative staining of 12 control aspirates from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. In conclusion, the approach presented appears to be a reliable method to phenotype individual prostatic carcinoma cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    JETP letters 63 (1996), S. 848-854 
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Schlagwort(e): 61.72.Ji ; 76.70.Dx
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Electron-nuclear double resonance spectra of deep-boron acceptors in silicon carbide have been observed. The quadrupole and hyperfine interaction constants are determined. A sharp decrease of the quadrupole interaction and suppression of the anisotropic part of the hyperfine interaction, as compared with shallow-boron acceptors, are found. The observed effects are explained by the motion of holes inside the deep-boron acceptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Infection 7 (1979), S. S228 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Chlamydiae belonging to Subgroup A occur in both the normal male urethra and in patients with urethro-adnexitis, which means thatChlamydiae must be attributed with a significant pathogenetic role in certain cases of abacterial urethroadnexitis. Susceptibility to erythromycin therapy confirms this.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Chlamydien der Untergruppe A kommen sowohl in der normalen männlichen Harnröhre als auch bei Urethro-Adnexitiden vor. Dies bedeutet, daß den Chlamydien in gewissen Fällen von abakterieller Urethro-Adnexitis eine pathogenetisch bedeutsame Rolle zuerkannt werden muß. Auch die therapeutische Beeinflußbarkeit durch Erythromycin spricht hierfür.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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