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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis and masseter muscle activity is enhanced in offspring of hypertensives (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Exteroceptive suppression of temporalis and masseter muscle activity was examined in young men with and without a parental history of hypertension. Recent clinical studies suggest that the second exteroceptive suppression period is attenuated in several chronic pain disorders and that this brainstem reflex may serve as a noninvasive index of endogenous pain control. In the present study, offspring of hypertensives exhibited a significant protraction of the late exteroceptive suppression period for both muscle sites, suggesting that the decreased pain sensitivity previously observed in individuals at risk for hypertension may be related to enhanced central pain modulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02437.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Personality and Health in the 1980s: Psychosomatic Medicine Revisited? (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of personality 55 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: This special issue is a sign of a resurgence of interest in the role of personality in health not seen since the 1940s and early 1950s when the promise of the psychosomatic approach to health and illness appeared to be the greatest This new look at personality and health represented by contributions to this special issue attempts to address the limitations of earlier work in psychosomatic medicine by making more explicit efforts to define personality variables precisely, to distinguish these variables from conceptually related psychological constructs, and to embed them in a body of theory and empirical research This new work also attempts to remedy methodological limitations of earlier work by placing greater emphasis on prospective research and highlighting distinctions between symptom reports, illness behavior, and actual illness However, the new work and earlier work in psychosomatic medicine share certain working assumptions, for example, a primary emphasis on the relatively direct impact of personality on disease onset, an assumption that personality variables operate in interaction with stressful events, and a frequent emphasis on general susceptibility to disease Moreover, this new work frequently risks the same methodological pitfalls that limited scientific progress in psychosomatic medicine We argue that the rapid rise and decline of psychosomatic medicine is most likely to be repeated in research on personality and health in the 1980s if reasonable criteria for considering personality variables a risk factor for disease are not precisely defined, disease endpoints (the dependent variable) are not assessed precisely, personality variables of interest (the independent variable) are not empirically distinguished from other related psychological variables, and complex relationships among risk factors are not taken account It is emphasized that models drawn from personality research cannot be transferred unchanged to the health arena without risking false inferences about the role of personality in health
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1987.tb00442.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Client variables and the behavioral treatment of recurrent tension headache: A metaanalytic review (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 9 (1986), S. 515-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: tension headache ; behavior therapy ; biofeedback ; relaxation training ; metaanalysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Meta-analysis revealed that in studies evaluating behavioral treatments for tension headaches, the treatment outcome has varied with the client samples (e.g., age, gender, referral source) that have been used but not with the treatment procedures (e.g., type of behavioral intervention, length of treatment, whether or not efforts were made to facilitate transfer of training) or the research designs (e.g., internal validity, explicitness of diagnostic criteria) that have been used. Mean client age proved the best predictor of treatment outcome, accounting for 30% of the outcome variance following behavior therapy. Significantly poorer outcomes have also been reported in recent studies than were reported in early studies. These findings suggest that (1) outcomes obtained with behavioral interventions have been less dependent upon the treatment variables that have been the primary focus of research attention than upon characteristics of client samples and (2) behavioral interventions may be less effective in reducing headache activity than has previously been assumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00845282
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and clinical trial of a minimal contact, cognitive-behavioral treatment for tension headache (1988)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 12 (1988), S. 325-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Keywords: headache ; cognitive behavior therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness of two primarily self-administered treatments for chronic tension headache were compared. Twenty-four recurrent tension headache sufferers received either relaxation therapy alone or relaxation training plus cognitive-behavioral therapy in a primarily self-administered treatment format. Both treatments yielded substantial reductions in headache activity and smaller but significant reductions in depression. However, patients who received the combined treatment recorded significantly larger reductions in headache activity than patients receiving relaxation training alone. In addition, high pretreatment levels of headache activity and daily life stress were associated with a poor response to relaxation training but were unrelated to patients' response to the combined treatment. These results suggest that cognitive-behavioral interventions may enhance the effectiveness of primarily self-administered relaxation training, particularly with selected subgroups of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01173301
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hierarchical factor structure of the coping strategies inventory (1989)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 13 (1989), S. 343-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Keywords: coping ; stress ; adaptation ; assessment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of coping was examined in three studies by means of Wherry's approach to hierarchical factor analysis. A hierarchical model with three levels was identified that included eight primary factors, four secondary factors, and two tertiary factors. The eight primary factors (problem solving, cognitive restructuring, emotional expression, social support, problem avoidance, wishful thinking, self-criticism, and social withdrawal) identified dimensions of coping found in previous empirical research and theoretical writing. The emergence of the four secondary and two tertiary factors provided empirical support for two theoretical hypotheses concerning the structure of coping. Support for the constructs of problem- and emotion-focused coping hypothesized by Lazarus was obtained at the secondary level, and support for the constructs of approach and avoidance coping hypothesized by many theorists was obtained at the tertiary level. These findings suggest that both formulations may describe the structure of coping, albeit at different levels of analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01173478
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do the effects of cognitive therapy endure? A two-year follow-up of tension headache sufferers treated with cognitive therapy or biofeedback (1982)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 6 (1982), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This report presents findings from a two-year follow-up of chronic tension headache sufferers treated either with stress-coping training (cognitive therapy, N = 11) or electromyographic biofeedback (N = 8). Clients who had received stress-coping training reported that two years following treatment they continued to use the coping strategies they had been taught, and daily headache recordings indicated they were still significantly improved ( p 〈 .005). About one-half of the clients treated with biofeedback were substantially improved following treatment, with the remaining clients showing minor improvements or increases in headache symptoms. These mixed outcomes were still evident at two-year follow-up, with three of four clients maintaining improvements and the remaining clients showing, at best, minor reductions in headache symptoms. This longterm maintenance of treatment gains following stress-coping training suggests that cognitive therapy deserves the increased attention of investigators interested in the long-term maintenance of therapeutic gains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01173580
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cognitive control of tension headache (1977)
    Springer
    Cognitive therapy and research 1 (1977), S. 121-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of a cognitively oriented stress coping training program designed to provide skills for coping with daily life stresses as a treatment for tension headache. Thirty-one community residents with chronic tension headaches were assigned to stress-coping training (N =10),to biofeedback training (N =11),or to a waiting-list control group (N =10).Treatment procedures were accompanied by counterdemand instructions designed to minimize the influence of implicit demands for improved performance. Although only the biofeedback training group showed reductions in frontalis electromyographic activity, only the stress-coping training group showed substantial improvement on daily recordings of headache. These results were interpreted as providing support for a cognitive approach to the treatment of tension headache. Questions concerning the part played by nonspecific treatment factors in biofeedback training were also raised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01173633
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change Mechanisms Associated with Combined Relaxation/EMG Biofeedback Training for Chronic Tension Headache (1997)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 22 (1997), S. 21-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: biofeedback ; tension type headache ; change mechanisms ; self-efficacy ; exteroceptive suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Therapeutic mechanisms hypothesized to underlie improvements in tension headache activity achieved with combined relaxation and eleclromyographic (EMG) biofeedback therapy were examined. These therapeutic mechanisms included (1) changes in EMG activity in frontal and trapezii muscles, (2) changes in central pain modulation as indexed by the duration of the second exteroceptive silent period (ES2), and (3) changes in headache locus of control and self-efficacy. Forty-four young adults with chronic tension-type headaches were assigned either to six sessions of relaxation and EMG biofeedback training (N = 30) or to an assessment only control group (N = 14) that required three assessment sessions. Measures of self-efficacy and locus of control were collected at pre- and posttreatment, and ES2 was evaluated at the beginning and end of the first, third, and lost session. EMG was monitored before, during, and following training trials. Relaxation/EMG biofeedback training effectively reduced headache activity: 51.7% of subjects who received relaxation/biofeedback therapy recorded at least a 50% reduction in headache activity following treatment, while controls failed to improve on any measure. Improvements in headache activity in treated subjects were correlated with increases in self-efficacy induced by biofeedback training but not with changes in EMG activity or in ES2 durations. These results provide additional support for the hypothesis that cognitive changes underlie the effectiveness of relaxation and biofeedback therapies, at least in young adult tension-type headache sufferers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026285608842
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term maintenance of improvements achieved with (abortive) pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments for migraine: Preliminary findings (1989)
    Springer
    Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback 14 (1989), S. 301-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3270
    Keywords: biofeedback ; ergotamine ; migraine ; relaxation ; follow-up
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report presents the first prospective comparison of the long-term maintenance of reductions in recurrent migraine headaches achieved with (abortive) pharmacological and nonpharmacological (combined relaxation training and thermal biofeedback training) treatments. Nineteen of 21 (90%) successfully treated patients (50% or greater reduction in headache activity) were contacted for follow-up evaluation 3 years later. Migraine sufferers who had been treated with ergotamine were less likely to still be relying on the treatment they had received and more likely to have additional medical treatment for their headaches and to be using prophylactic or narcotic medication than were migraine sufferers who had been treated with relaxation/biofeedback training. However, daily headache recordings revealed that patients in both treatment groups continued to show lower headache activity at 3-year follow-up than prior to treatment. Although preliminary, these findings raise the possibility that improvements achieved with nonpharmacological treatment are more likely to be maintained without additional treatment than are similar improvements achieved with abortive pharmacological treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00999121
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of EMG biofeedback and a credible pseudotherapy in treating tension headache (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of behavioral medicine 3 (1980), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3521
    Keywords: biofeedback ; EMG ; treatment credibility ; tension headache
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-one tension headache sufferers were assigned to frontalis electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training, to a highly credible pseudotherapy providing no opportunity to learn control of EMG activity, or to a symptom-monitoring control group. Participants receiving biofeedback showed significant reductions in frontalis EMG within and across treatment sessions and exhibited reduced EMG activity following treatment. Participants receiving pseudotherapy showed no changes in EMG activity. Although biofeedback and pseudotherapy were rated as equally credible treatments, only the headache activity of the biofeedback group was significantly improved following treatment. These results suggest that outcomes obtained with biofeedback do not result merely from exposure to a credible treatment procedure. Evidence suggesting that headache improvements may be mediated by cognitive and behavioral changes and not the learned control of physiological activity is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00844912
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