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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Yersinia ; Salmonella ; Escherichia ; Caco-2 ; Invasion ; ultrastructural
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro interactions of Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli with polarized human colonie carcinoma (Caco-2) cells are described. Invasion of a confluent Caco-2 cell monolayer by Yersinia and Salmonella took place within 4 h after contact, which was in marked contrast to E. coli which did not invade Caco-2 cells. Cytoplasmic extrusions developed on the apical membrane and indicated the site of entrance of bacteria into the Caco-2 cells. Intracellular Yersinia and Salmonella were surrounded by a vacuolar membrane. Single as well as multiple bacteria were enclosed within a single vacuole. At 6 h after contact some of the intracellular yersiniae were found free in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, morphological signs of degeneration of Caco-2 cells such as vacuolization and autophagy were observed. Caco-2 cells infected with Salmonella also showed degenerative changes but the salmonellae resided within membranebound vacuoles in contrast to Yersinia. These observations are in contrast to those described for the invasion of other cell lines (not derived from intestinal epithelium) by Yersinia and may reflect more closely the interactions between Yersinia and the intestinal epithelium during gastrointestinal infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die antibakterielle Wirkung von sechs Aminoglykosiden gegen 927 klinische Isolate wurde verglichen. Gentamicin und Netilmicin waren wirksamer gegenEnterobacteriaceae als Tobramycin 〉 Dibekacin 〉 Amikacin 〉 Kanamycin. Tobramycin war wirksamer gegenPseudomonas aeruginosa (mukoide und nonmukoide Stämme) als Dibekacin 〉 Gentamicin 〉 Netilmicin 〉 Amikacin 〉 Kanamycin. Piperacillin-Aminoglykosid-Kombinationen zeigten für 33–40%. derEnterobacteriaceae, 34–58% der non-mukoiden und 63–84% der mukoidenP. aeruginosa-Stämme (teils) synergistische Wirkung (p 〈 0.01). Die Kombination Piperacillin + Gentamicin war am stärksten synergistisch wirksam gegenEnterobacteriaceae und non-mukoidePseudomonas-Stämme (p 〈 0.05). Die Kombinationswirkung beiStaphylococcus aureus undStreptococcus faecalis war in den meisten Fällen indifferent. Ein Antagonismus wurde nicht beobachtet. Für die Behandlung gram-negativer Infektionen, bei denen Gewebekonzentrationen nicht wichtig sind, kann jede der getesteten Aminoglykosid-Kombinationen wirksam sein, für pulmonale Infektionen durchPseudomonas bei Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose bleiben Piperacillin + Gentamicin oder Tobramycin Mittel erster Wahl.
    Notes: Summary The antimicrobial activity of six aminoglycosides against 927 clinical isolates was compared. Gentamicin and netilmicin were most active againstEnterobacteriaceae, followed by tobramycin 〉 dibekacin 〉 amikacin 〉 kanamycin. Tobramycin was most active againstPseudomonas aeruginosa, both mucoid and non-mucoid strains, followed by dibekacin 〉 gentamicin 〉 netilmicin 〉 amikacin 〉 kanamycin. Piperacillin-aminoglycoside combinations acted (partially) synergistically against 33–40% of theEnterobacteriaceae, 34–58% of non-mucoid strains ofP. aeruginosa and 63–84% of the mucoid strains ofP. aeruginosa (p 〈 0.01). Piperacillin + gentamicin was the most synergistic combination againstEnterobacteriaceae and non-mucoid strains ofP. aeruginosa (p 〈 0.05) The action againstStaphylococcus aureus andStreptococcus faecalis was mostly indifferent. Antagonism was not observed. In treating gram-negative infections where tissue concentrations are less important, every aminoglycoside combination may be effective; forPseudomonas lung infections in cystic fibrosis, piperacillin + gentamicin or tobramycin will remain the drugs of first choice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Longitudinal quantitative cultures of fecal flora of 20 newborns, 4 older babies and 10 healthy adults were carried out to study the composition and development of the intestinal flora. In all newborns the same sequence of colonization was observed. The numbers of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria fluctuated and reached finally numbers of 1010/g wet weight. In adults the flora was in balance with 105–107 aerobic and 1010–1011 anaerobic bacteria/g wet weight. Interaction experiments in vitro showed growth inhibition of Bacteroides fragilis by all intestinal species isolated. Bifidobacteria were not inhibited. The assumption was made that this type of interaction could be one of the mechanisms involved in the intestinal micro-ecology. Three of the Bacteroides fragilis strains tested were able to grow on “natural intestinal substrates” as gastric mucin, glycogen and a variety of plant polysaccharides. Acetic, lactic, propionic and succinic acids were detected as fermentation products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 45 (1979), S. 617-619 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of iron deprivation on growth of 101 aerobic strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was studied on agar media in the presence of various concentrations of the synthetic iron chelator ethylene diamine diorthohydroxyphenyl acetic acid (EDDA) and the iron binding protein transferrin. Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis was inhibited by 15mm EDDA and 1.5mm transferrin. Staphylococcus aureus was only inhibited by 44mm EDDA and not by transferrin. None of the strains of S. faecalis was inhibited. The majority of the enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Salmonella spp, Klebsiella spp) was inhibited by 44mm EDDA and 1.5mm transferrin. The relation between susceptibility and concentration of EDDA and transferrin was expressed as S-value for each species. Iron supply with various iron compounds could restore the effects of inhibition. In all species except in S. faecalis iron chelator production could be demonstrated, using indicator plates of media containing EDDA and flooded with 104–105 colony forming units of indicator organisms. The iron chelator of both S. epidermidis and S. aureus could stimulate growth of S. epidermidis, but not that of enterobacteriaceae. Iron chelators from all gram-negative bacteria were functionally interchangeable, but did not stimulate growth of gram-positive bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beschrieben wird der genotypische Nachweis einerSerratia marcescens-Epidemie auf einer Intensivstation mittels random-amplified polymerase chain finger-printing (RAPD-PCR). Bestimmt wurde der Genotyp von 43 multiresistentenS. marcescens-Stämmen, die zwischen Mai und November 1993 von 27 kolonisierten/infizierten Intensivpatienten isoliert wurden. Zudem wurden 43 Isolate ohne Bezug zur Epidemie typisiert. Mittels PCR-Fingerprinting wurden unter den epidemischen Isolaten 10 Genotypen identifiziert. Ein Genotyp wurde bei insgesamt 21 der 43 Isolate, bzw. 11 der 27 Patienten gefunden, inklusive bei 7 von 8 Patienten der thoraxchirurgischen Intensivstation. Dieser Genotyp wurde nicht unter den Kontrollisolaten nachgewiesen. In unserer Studie erwies sich RAPD-PCR als gut diskriminierende und reproduzierbare Methode zur epidemiologischen Aufklärung von nosokomialenS. marcescens-Ausbrüchen.
    Notes: Summary During an outbreak ofSerratia marcescens from May to November 1993 43 strains obtained from 27 ICU patients infected or colonized with multiresistantS. marcescens were genotypically characterized with random amplified polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR)-fingerprinting. In addition, 43 epidemiologically unrelated control isolates were selected. PCR-fingerprinting identified ten different genotypes ofS. marcescens among the outbreak related strains. One predominant genotype was demonstrated in 21/43 isolates of 11/27 patients. A cluster of this genotype was found in seven/eight patients on the cardiosurgical ICU. The epidemiologically unrelated strains all showed different genotypes as compared to the predominant type. This survey proved RAPD-PCR to be a highly discriminatory and reproducible method for epidemiological studies ofS. marcescens strains in nosocomial outbreaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 23 (1995), S. 278-282 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Wirksamkeit der Kombination Ciprofloxacin-Metronidazol wurde mit der Kombination Cefotaxim plus Gentamicin plus Metronidazol bei 79 Patienten mit erwiesener intraabdomineller Infektion verglichen. Der Schweregrad der Erkrankung wurde nach dem Peritonitis-Index Altona-II (PIA-II)-Score klassifiziert, erfaßt wurden außerdem Grundkrankheiten, Prognose und Art der Infektion. Eine lokale Peritonitis lag bei 21 Patienten vor, eine generalisierte Peritonitis bei 25. In 33 Fällen fanden sich intraabdominelle Abszesse. In 35 Fällen handelte es sich um eine polymikrobielle Infektion. Die Rate an Heilungen und Besserungen betrug bei Patienten, die Ciprofloxacin erhalten hatten, 77%, bei Patienten, die mit der Cefotaxim-Kombination behandelt wurden, 56% (p〈0,02). Eine signifikante Korrelation zu Therapieversagen bestand mit einem niedrigen initialen PIA-II-Score, dem Vorliegen einer generalisierten Peritonitis oder Abszessen, der Erregerpersistenz und einer Superinfektion. In 49% der mit Cefotaxim behandelten und bei 30% der mit Ciprofloxacin behandelten Fälle wurden Superinfektionen beobachtet. Die Konzentrationen von Ciprofloxacin im Eiter lagen in einem Bereich von 2,0–5,2 mg/l bei zeitgleichen Serumkonzentrationen von 1,2–3,1 mg/l.
    Notes: Summary The efficacy of ciprofloxacin plus metronidazole was compared with that of cefotaxime plus gentamicin plus metronidazole in 79 patients with proven intra-abdominal infections. Patients were classified with the Peritonitis Index Altona-II (PIA-II) score for severity of disease, underlying conditions, prognosis and type of infection. Local peritonitis was diagnosed in 21 patients, generalized peritonitis in 25, intra-abdominal abscesses in 33; 35 patients had polymicrobial infections. Cure and improvement rates were: ciprofloxacin 77%, cefotaxime combination 56% (p〈0.02). Failures were significantly associated with a low initial PIA-II score, the presence of generalized peritonitis or abscesses, persistence of pathogens and superinfection. Superinfection was observed in 49% of the cases under cefotaxime and in 30% under ciprofloxacin. Concentrations of ciprofloxacin in pus ranged 2.0–5.2 mg/l with simultaneous serum concentrations of 1.2–3.1 mg/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of angiology 3 (1994), S. 203-206 
    ISSN: 1615-5939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cardiac conducting system of a patient with fatal cardiac involvement byB. burgdorferi showed necrosis of associated muscle fibers in the sinoatrial node with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and focal edema. Lymphocytic infiltrate was also found around the atrioventricular node and in the penetrating bundle and branching bundle. Fibrosis in the left bundle branch apparently resulted in nearly complete discontinuation of the fibers. Peripheral neural and muscular tissue also showed signs of inflammation. Spirochetes were demonstrated in the branching bundle and between the muscular fibers of the right atrium. Peripheral neural and muscular tissue showed signs of disseminated Lyme borreliosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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