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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of thickness of plate materials by infrared scanning (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2589-2594 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A procedure is described to determine the thickness of a plate material by infrared scanning. It consists of heating the material with a moving heat source and measuring the temperature of the plate by infrared scanning when the material has reached a quasisteady state. At that time, the initial temperature has been damped out, and the plate temperature becomes invariant with time in the moving coordinates of the heat source. The plate thickness can thus be determined independent of the initial temperature of the plate, and the infrared image can be analyzed more conveniently for an accurate determination of the plate thickness. This paper covers the analysis and experiment for infrared scanning. The uncertainty in the measurement is found to be within one gauge size of the plate thickness tested. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145593
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of infrared scanners and inverse heat conduction methods to infrared computerized axial tomography (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An infrared scanning system was used along with inverse heat conduction methods in IR computerized axial tomography (IR CAT scan). The method consists of scanning the exposed surfaces of an object with an unknown inner boundary geometry and reconstructing section views of the object using the surface temperature data and the boundary condition prescribed along the inner boundary as input in an analysis. The mathematical theory and operational procedures of IR CAT scan are developed, and they are applied to the successful reconstruction of a section of a test model with a Dirichlet condition prescribed along the inner boundary. The sensitivity of the method to erroneous input temperature data is discussed. The mathematical theory of the IR CAT scan method developed in this paper is general and can be applied to other situations when Neumann or Robin conditions are prescribed along the inner boundary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial molal volume of helium in water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Comments (1973)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 77 (1973), S. 2019-2020 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100635a022
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infrared scanning thermography for a quantitative detection of cavities in a plane slab and a rectangular prism (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 3 (1982), S. 99-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: thermography ; infrared scanning ; calibration ; inverse problems ; cavity detection ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An approach for treating nondestructive testing as the solution of inverse problems in mathematical physics has been used for the detection of cavities. The approach is developed based on the use of an additional boundary condition of scanned temperature on the surface to solve for the cavity geometry. For the present study, the condition at the cavity side is taken to be that of a specified temperature, and the experiment is carried out to meet this condition. Two specimens are tested in this paper, a plane slab and a rectangular prism. In both bodies the cavity is rectangular in shape. For the testing of the plane slab, the method is able to detect the cavity wall with high accuracy, whereas the cavity depth error is larger (6%). The detection of the cavity position in the rectangular prism has an error ranging from −9.7 to 7.7%. Errors in the experiment are attributed to the uncertainties in the measurements of temperature and the Biot number. The former is read off from the analog data output of the infrared scanner. The latter is not measured separately, but is computed from the scanned data and thus becomes a portion of the total nondestructive testing output. A final note is also made in this paper to relate how the presented method can be used in actual practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00568966
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A domain-extension method for quantitative detection of cavities by infrared scanning (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 8 (1989), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Infrared scanning ; thermography ; inverse problem ; numerical solution ; domain-extension method ; boundary-element method ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A domain-extension method for quantitative detection of irregular-shape cavities inside irregular-shape bodies is presented. An auxiliary problem is introduced in the solution of the cavities. In the auxiliary problem, the original body domain at the cavity side is extended so that the original cavity walls become interior points. The position of the cavities can then be found by solving the temperature field in the extended domain and matching the temperatures and heat fluxes at the interior points to the conditions imposed on the cavities. A boundary-element method is used for the solution of the auxiliary problem, and by means of four examples, the accuracy of the domain extension method is established. The paper provides the details for the numerical solution of the cavities. Limitation of the method in the detection of multiple cavities is also explored. The domain-extension method has shown to be highly effective in quantitative detection of cavities in single-cavity bodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570887
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An inverse problem technique for detecting irregular cavities in circular cylinders by infrared scanning (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 4 (1984), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Thermography ; infrared scanning ; calibration ; inverse problem ; cavity detection ; NDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract An inverse problem technique has been developed for detecting irregular cavities in circular cylinders. In this method, the cavity is considered a part of the unknown geometry of the investigated system, and the evaluated temperature is used to locate this geometry. An auxiliary problem is introduced in the solution of this problem; and in the solution, the cavity wall is located by forcing the temperature to satisfy the condition imposed at the cavity. The new methodology is validated by an experiment presented in this paper, and the test results indicate that this method is highly successful in locating cavities. The accuracy of the method is closely related to the accuracy of the temperature that can be measured at the surface. A small error in the surface temperature results in a slight cavity error for deep cavities, while a shallow cavity is not severely affected by a surface temperature error. This method is particularly attractive in detecting shallow cavities in nondestructive evaluation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00566218
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular thermodynamics for chemical reaction design (1974)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 20-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various techniques of molecular thermodynamics and solution theory have been applied, through the transition state theory, to problems in chemical kinetics. These include experimental techniques for ascertaining the structure and properties of the transition states for various classes of reactions, plus analytical methods for using this information to predict the effect of solvents or reactant structure on chemical reaction rates. Such methods provide the chemical engineer with an additional parameter to use in the optimal design of reaction systems-that is, the chemistry of the reaction itself.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690200103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of the complex variable boundary element method to solving potential problems in doubly connected domains (1990)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 29 (1990), S. 161-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) developed by Hromadka for the solution of potential problems in simply connected domains is extended to the solution of heat conduction problems in doubly connected domains. A cut is made in the doubly connected domain, and it was found that the complex potentials along the cut do not cancel out but result in a complex stream function that plays the role of perturbation in the nodal equations. Cauchy-Riemann conditions are used to derive additional equations which relate the stream functions and the boundary heat fluxes and potentials when Neumann and Robin conditions are imposed on the boundaries. The resulting nodal equations are expressed in matrix form, and coding rules and methods for checking the matrix elements are developed. Three solution methods (implicit, explicit and hybrid) are described, and by means of examples, the efficacy of these methods is discussed and compared.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620290111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quadratic-element formulation of the complex variable boundary element method (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 15 (1992), S. 841-863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary elements ; Complex variables ; CVBEM ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The complex variable boundary element method (CVBEM) for simply connected domains is extended to include the use of quadratic elements and interpolating functions. The derivation follows the format for linear elements given in the literature, with second-degree Lagrange polynomials taken as the interpolating functions. The quadratic-element CVBEM nodal- and interior-point equations are given in detail, and the resulting formulation is successfully tested by solving example problems with available analytical solutions. Comparisons of computational efficiency and accuracy are made between the solutions obtained using linear and quadratic elements. Additional comparisons are made using published results from other boundary element methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650150802
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