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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caste differences in haemolymph proteins in two species of termites (1981)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 28 (1981), S. 71-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung BeiMacrotermes sabhyalinus wurden Haemolymph-Proteine und-Esterasen, beiZootermopsis angusticolhe Haemolymph-Proteine diskelektrophoretisch untersucht. Die Bandenmuster waren beiM. subhyalinus kastenspezifisch, beiZ. angusticollis dagegen einheitlich bei allen Kasten beider Geschlechter. BeiM. subhyalinus wurden zudem Unterschiede in der Aktivität von Esterasen, speziell Carboxylesterasen, sowie in der Bindungskapazität der Haemolymphe für Juvenilhormon festgestellt. Diese Resultate werden in Beziehung gesetzt zu den aktuellen Vorstellungen über Kastendetermination bei niederen und höheren Terrniten.
    Notes: Summary Haemolymph proteins and esterases ofMacrotermes subhyalinus and haemolymph proteins ofZootermopsis angusticollis have been analyzed electrophoretically. The patterns were caste specific inM. subhyalinus, but uniform for all castes and sexes inZ. angusticollis. InM. subhyalinus the activities of esterases, especially that of carboxylesterases, and the haemolymph binding capacity for juvenile hormone differend between castes. The results are discussed in relation to the present knowledge about caste determination in lower and higher termites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02223624
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prerequisites for tissue specific and position independent expression of a gene locus in transgenic mice (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 663-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Gene transfer ; Genomic position effects ; Transgenic mice ; Chicken lysozyme locus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The elucidation of general parameters influencing the transcriptional activation of gene loci at distinct stages of development is an essential prerequisite for a reproducibly successful gene transfer in both gene therapy protocols and biotechnology. Up to now research has focused mostly on the identification and characterization of individual cis-regulatory elements by transient transfection and in vitro assays. However, the most relevant assay system to test gene constructs designed for gene therapy protocols is the transgenic animal. In such an experimental system exogenous genes are usually integrated randomly in the chromatin. For gene constructs not fulfilling the requirements for correct gene locus activation this can lead to genomic position effects on gene expression. The consequences are highly variable expression levels and a disturbance of temporal and spatial expression patterns. Hence it is important to examine how cis-elements function in a chromatin context, and how they cooperate during the developmentally controlled activation of an entire gene locus. One among a few gene loci which are sufficiently characterized to enable such investigations is the chicken lysozyme locus. This review summarizes recent results aimed at identifying the necessary prerequisites for a reproducibly correct expression of the lysozyme locus in transgenic mice and the implications of our findings for gene transfer. The complete lysozyme locus is expressed independent of the chromosomal position and at a high level in macrophages of transgenic mice. Correct transgene regulation requires the cooperation of all cis-regulatory elements. Chromatin of the lysozyme locus in both the active and the inactive state is highly structured. Each cis-regulatory element on the chicken lysozyme locus is organized in its own unique chromatin environment, with nucleosomes specifically placed on specific sequences. The transcriptional activation of the lysozyme locus is accompanied by extensive rearrangements of its chromatin structure, which are disturbed when the transgenes are subjects to genomic position effects. Based on these results, we propose that a complete locus is resistant to genomic position effects, and that a distinct chromatin architecture of a gene locus is required for its correct activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050070
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of herpes simplex virus DNA in CSF cells by in situ hybridization for early diagnosis of herpes encephalitis (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 237 (1990), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Herpes simplex virus ; Encephalitis ; DNA hybridization ; In situ hybridization ; Cerebrospinal fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Herpes simplex virus (HSV) was studied by in situ DNA hybridization with a biotinylated cDNA probe in 56 air-dried methanol-fixed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell preparations which had been collected from 12 patients with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) during the previous 5 years. In three additional HSE cases, freshly prepared acetone-fixed CSF cell preparations were available. In all cases, CSF cell preparations were obtained by cytocentrifugation. Herpes simplex virus DNA could be demonstrated in 8 of the 12 HSE cases with methanol-fixed cells (66%) and in all 3 cases with fresh acetone-fixed CSF cells. The earliest CSF sample was available at the onset of symptoms and showed positive DNA hybridization. In three cases hybridization was positive after a clinical course of more than 5 weeks but was usually found in the 1st week of illness before the beginning of specific inthrathecal IgG synthesis. In 54 control cases with other acute inflammatory diseases of the CNS, including 14 cases of varicella-zoster meningitis, no positive hybridization was detected. These findings strongly suggest that in situ hybridization in CSF cells is a reliable tool for the early and rapid diagnosis of HSE, especially at the onset of the disease, when no antibodies can be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314664
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic assortative mating and genetic population structure in the crab Trapezia digitalis (1987)
    Springer
    Marine biology 93 (1987), S. 509-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Colonies of Pocillopora spp. containing the crab Trapezia digitalis were collected from Hawaii in summer of 1979 and of 1980. Individuals of T. digitalis in Hawaii vary extensively in coloration of the carapace: crabs were separated into phenotypic classes by their degree of carapace reticulation. When presented with two females of different phenotype, males preferentially paired with the female which was similar to them in reticulation. The genetic population structure of T. digitalis was unusual by comparison with other species of Trapezia. Previously reported homozygote excesses at esterase-4, hexokinase-1, phosphoglucoseisomerase, and general protein-2 cannot be explained by the single-locus Wahlund effect, since there was not significant genetic differentiation among phenotypic classes, as measured by Wright's F ST statistic. There was significant variation among classes in allele frequencies at a fifth locus, hexokinase-2. Two pairs of loci were in significant gametic disequilibrium. Gametic disequilibrium was not detected in seven other species of Trapezia. It is suggested that multi-locus genetic analysis and an increased geographic sampling range are needed to determine the genetic population structure of T. digitalis in relation to observed variation in coloration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392788
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial adhesion to femoral ballhead surfaces of artificial hipjoints in vitro (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology 9 (1999), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1068
    Keywords: Implant-associated infection ; Bacterial adhesion ; Femoral ballheads ; Artificial hip-joint
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In orthopedic surgery one of the most significant complications is the infection of implants by microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an adhesion of microbes to femoral ballheads consisting of aluminium oxide, zirconium oxide and CoCrMo-alloy is possible, especially to the smoothly polished surface, and whether this implant component might play a role in respect of the mode of infection. The femoral ballheads were contaminated with strains of Staphylococcus aureus and exopolysaccharide producing Staphylococcus epidermidis and incubated in two fractions for 36 and 72 hours. The present experiment documents that the strains of microorganisms tested adhere well to all ballheads used. However, the surfaces of the zirconium oxide ballheads manifest the most pronounced bacterial lawn with the strains investigated.In comparison to aluminium oxide ballheads which also show several layers of colonisation over large areas, these are overgrown with plate-like microbial lawns. Due to the surface tension and surface energy the microbial adhesion is found on metal (CoCrMo-alloy) ballheads initially in small rounded areas with tendency to confluence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00573332
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally induced surface relief gratings in azobenzene polymers (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 833-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recently, Ramanujam and co-workers described for the first time that surface relief gratings can be inscribed into azobenzene copolymers with a single pair of nanosecond laser pulses. We performed a detailed investigation of the involved processes. Two contributions to the diffraction efficiency are observed, one arising from a surface relief and one from a transient cis–trans grating which decays on millisecond time scales. The stable surface relief, in contrast, is caused by a thermal effect which sets in at a well-defined threshold value of the pulse energy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481858
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deux nouvelles structures polytypiques dans le système titane–soufre: 16H et 18H (1978)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 982-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structures of two recently discovered polytypes of titanium sulphide have been determined. The structure of 18H, mainly built on a stacking sequence similar to that of 8H (3212), confirms the formation mechanism formerly suggested for TiS1.7 hexagonal polytypes. In the same way, the stacking sequence of 16H provides some evidence of a 4H → 12H transformation producing rhombohedral polytypes. The experimental data supporting these conclusions are presented in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739478002016
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of polytypic structures by thermally induced expansion of stacking faults in a titanium sulphide single crystal (1980)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 36 (1980), S. 1031-1032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A titanium sulphide single crystal of pure 4H basic structure has been heated to 1093 K (30 K below its preparation temperature). Observations carried out by microscopy and X-ray diffraction show that, in such conditions, polytypic structures appear with periods which are in perfect agreement with what was expected according to a previously suggested formation mechanism
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739480002082
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of titanium sulphide hexagonal polytypes (1977)
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 33 (1977), S. 971-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A mechanism which explains the formation of hexagonal polytypes of titanium sulphide is suggested. According to this mechanism, polytypes are generated by the interaction of stacking faults with a screw dislocation during solid-state transformations. A 2H → 8H phase transformation seems to be the driving force for the expansion of stacking faults. All the structural information which has been so far collected on these polytypes is in perfect agreement with such a mechanism. A generalization to the interaction of stacking faults with several parallel screw dislocations is presented. The formation of polytypes with very long periods may be explained by this kind of interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0567739477002319
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of Roasting Conditions on the Formation of Aroma Compounds in Coffee Beans (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Hot air roasting of coffee beans results in a large number of aroma compounds. For a given coffee, the aroma profile is determined by the specific conditions for chemical reactions as controlled by the process parameters. Therefore, the influence of roasting temperatures on the formation of key aroma compounds was investigated. Coffee was roasted in 6 different processes to equal degrees of roast and the developing aroma compound profiles were characterized by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and olfactometry. A majority of aroma compounds showed the highest increase in concentration at medium stage of dehydration with bean water content from 7 to 2% (wb). Different time-temperature histories led to distinct aroma compound profiles. To reach a specific flavor profile, precise control of roasting time and temperature is required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb11359.x
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