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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Californium-252 plasma desorption mass spectrometry of gold clusters: fragmentation patterns in small clusters and differences in sample composition in large clusters (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 32 (1993), S. 5582-5590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic00076a027
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA evidence for rapid colonisation of the Indo–West Pacific by the mudcrab Scylla serrata (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 134 (1999), S. 227-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775) is widely distributed throughout mangrove habitats of the Indo-West Pacific (IWP) coastal waters. This study investigated the phylogeographic distribution of S. serrata mitochondrial DNA haplotypes sampled throughout the species range. Adults were sampled from three west Indian Ocean locations (N = 21), five west Pacific sites (N = 28) and three sites from northern and eastern Australia (N = 76). Temperature-gradient gel-electrophoresis and sequencing of 549 base pairs of a mtDNA gene (cytochrome oxidase 1) identified 18 distinct haplotypes. Haplotypes cluster into two clades separated by ≃2% sequence-divergence. One clade is widespread throughout the IWP, the other is strictly confined to northern Australia. Genealogical assessment of sequenced haplotypes suggests that the historical spread of S. serrata throughout the IWP has occurred rapidly and recently (〈1 million years before present) from a west Pacific origin. The fact that many locations contain a single unique haplotype suggests limited contemporary gene flow between trans-oceanic sites, and that recent historical episodes of population founding and retraction have both determined and affected the current distribution of S. serrata populations. Contrary to that reported for other widespread species of IWP taxa, there is no pattern of regional separation of Indian from Pacific Ocean populations. However, results do suggest a vicariant separation of northern Australian crabs prior to the IWP radiation. We speculate that this separation may have resulted in the formation of a new species of Scylla.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050541
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A medium-frequency interferometer for studying auroral radio emissions (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3200-3206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An interferometer for use between 2.5 and 3.0 MHz has recently been developed for the purpose of studying auroral radio emissions. The instrument consists of an array of 17 antennas, associated electronics for amplitude and phase measurements, and computer hardware for instrument control and data recording. In its standard operational mode, the instrument sweeps from 2.5 to 3.0 MHz in 1 kHz steps every 1.5 s. The intensity of the received signal and the phase at each antenna is measured for each 1-kHz-wide bin. These data can be used to produce spectrograms showing the intensity of the received signal versus frequency and time and for determining the direction of arrival for any signal in the instrument bandwidth. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1305518
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asbestos as a Public Health Risk: Disease and Policy (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Public Health 7 (1986), S. 171-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-7525
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.07.050186.001131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic population structure of the net-winged midge, Elporia barnardi (Diptera: Blephariceridae) in streams of the south-western Cape, South Africa: implications for dispersal (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. The net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae), with highly specific habitat requirements and specialised morphological adaptations, exhibit high habitat fidelity and a limited potential for dispersal. Given the longitudinal and hierarchical nature of lotic systems, along with the geological structure of catchment units, we hypothesise that populations of net-winged midge should exhibit a high degree of population sub-structuring.2. Sequence variation in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was examined to determine patterns of genetic variation and infer historical and contemporary processes important in the genetic structuring of populations of Elporia barnardi. The DNA variation was examined at sites within streams, between streams in the same range, and between mountain ranges in the south-western Cape of South Africa.3. Twenty-five haplotypes, 641 bp in length, were identified from the 93 individuals sampled. A neighbour-joining tree revealed two highly divergent clades (∼5%) corresponding to populations from the two mountain ranges. A number of monophyletic groups were identified within each clade, associated with individual catchment units.4. The distribution of genetic variation was examined using analysis of molecular variance (amova). This showed most of the variation to be distributed among the two ranges (∼80%), with a small percentage (∼15%) distributed among streams within each range. Similarly, variation among streams on Table Mountain was primarily distributed among catchment units (86%). A Mantel's test revealed a significant relationship between genetic differentiation and geographical distance, suggesting isolation by distance (P 〈 0.001).5. Levels of sequence divergence between the two major clades, representing the two mountain ranges, are comparable with those of some intra-generic species comparisons. Vicariant events, such as the isolation of the Peninsula mountain chain and Table Mountain, may have been important in the evolution of what is now a highly endemic fauna.6. The monophyletic nature of the catchment units suggests that dispersal is confined to the stream environment and that mountain ridges provide effective physical barriers to dispersal of E. barnardi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.00958.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neutrophil–induced human bronchial hyper responsiveness in vitro—pharmacological modulation (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although it has been postulated that inflammatory cells cause the bronchial hyper-responsiveness which is diagnostic of asthma [1], until recently there has been little direct evidence of such a link. We have recently shown that calcium ionophore-activated human neutrophils and eosinophils can induce a state of human airway hyperresponsiveness in vitro [2]. In this study we have shown that the anti-inflammatory agent nedocromil sodium, 10-7m, inhibited the hyperresponsiveness induced by products released from ionophore activated neutrophils but did not inhibit the release of leukotriene B4 from the same cells. Neutrophil-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness was also inhibited by pre-treatment of the bronchial tissues with a thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin receptor antagonist, GR32191,10-7m. These findings indicate that cyclooxygenase products are involved in bronchial hyperresponsiveness induced by inflammatory cell products in vitro and that their release can be inhibited by nedocromil sodium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00318.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of hyperresponsiveness in human airway tiss by neutrophils — mechanism of action (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The two main features of asthtna are bronchial hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. The inflammatory response in asthma consists of infiltration and activation of a variety of inflammatory cells including neutrophils. Our previous studies have shown that stimuhited neutrophil supernatants cause hyperresponsiveness of human bronchial tissue in vitro.Objective To investigate the effect of the sensitization status of the tissue and the albumin concentration used to prepare supernatants on the response of human bronchial tissue to stimulated neutrophil supernatants.Methods Neutrophil supernatants were prepared from human isolated blood in the presence of varying concentrations of albumin (0%, 0.1% and 4%), Neutrophil supernatants were added to sensitized and non-sensitized human isolated bronchial tissue which was stimulated with electrical field stimulation (EFS) (20 s every 4min). Receptor antagonists specific for the prostaglandin and thromboxane (10−7M GR3219I), platelet activating factor (10−6M WEB 2086), leukotriene D4 (10−6M MK-679) and neurokinin A (10−7M SR48968) receptors were used to identify neutrophil products responsible for the effects observed in the bronchial tissue. Results In non-sensitized human bronchial tissue, stimulated neutrophil supernatants induced a direct contraction in the presence of 0% and 0.1 % but not 4% albumin. This contraction was due to leukotriene D4 as MK-679 completely inhibited the contraction. In contrast, stimulated neutrophil supernatants increased responsiveness of sensitized human bronchial tissue to EFS. The increased responsiveness was observed only in the presence of 0.1% albumin, with the site of modulation likely to be prejunctional on the parasympathetic nerve. The increased responsiveness was not inhibited by any of the antagonists tested.Conclusion Sensitization status of the tissue and albumin concentration effect the responsiveness of human bronchial tissue to stimulated neutrophil supernatant. Our results suggest a possible role for neutrophils in hyperresponsiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00575.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of an epidural analgesic admixture containing epinephrine, fentanyl and bupivacaine (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The addition of epinephrine to solutions containing fentanyl and bupivacaine for epidural infusion has been shown to improve the quality of analgesia. However, this admixture is not available commercially in the United Kingdom. Moreover, stability data applicable to UK practice for this admixture are limited. This study investigated the stability of fentanyl 2 μg.ml−1 plus bupivacaine 1 mg.ml−1 in PVC bags with and without epinephrine 2 μg.ml−1 over a period of 184 days both at room temperature and at 4 °C. All infusions were found to be stable over the study period (〉 90% remaining) using stability-indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods, with no changes in physical appearance or pH (range 4.5–4.2). The infusions were prepared using standard pharmaceutical products, so facilitating the batch preparation of epinephrine, fentanyl and bupivacaine epidural solutions by hospital pharmacy departments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03803.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of basidiomycete allergy in the USA and Europe and its relationship to allergic respiratory symptoms (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 49 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A total of 701 adults living in the USA or Western Europe who had symptoms of allergic respiratory disease were skin prick tested with extracts prepared from eight basidiomycetes species and four Fungi Imperfecti species. In these subjects, the presence of asthma, rhinitis, or both was determined by questionnaire. Overall, 178/701 (25.4%) of the participants reacted to at least one basidiomycete extract. There was no difference in the prevalence of reactivity detected in the USA and Europe (P 〈 0.005); however, the prevalence of reactors in individual centers from both areas varied significantly. Psilocybe cuhensis was the most potent allergen source in both the USA (12.3% reacted) and Europe (16.0%). Pleurotus ostreatus was second overall (10.6%) and in the USA (10.7%), and third in Europe (10.3%). Pisolithus tinctorius and Coprinus quadrifidus produced the least potent allergens, with only 5.4% of the population reacting. There was a significant relationship (P 〈 0.005) between basidiospore reactivity and the presence of atopy, asthma, and asthma and rhinitis. Basidiospore reactivity was not associated with the presence of rhinitis alone (P= 0.312). These results suggest that basidiomycetes are important sources of aeroallergens in geographically disparate regions and may be particularly important in patients with asthma.Lehrer SB, Hughes JM, Altman LC, Bousquet J, Davies RJ, Gell L, Li J, Lopez M, Mailing HJ, Mathison DA, Sastre J, Schultze-Werninghaus G, Schwartz HJ. Prevalence of basidiomycete allergy in the USA and Europe and its relationship to allergic respiratory symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1994.tb00840.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PART V: GENERAL DISCUSSION (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 384 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb21393.x
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