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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Winter backcountry use ; Use patterns ; Great Smoky Mountains National Park ; Winter camping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Numerous backcountry and wilderness use studies have been conducted over the last decade, but nearly all of them have concentrated on peak season and summer use. This study investigates use patterns and user characteristics of winter campers, and implications for the management of winter backcountry overnight use. Use pattern data were collected from 580 backcountry use permits for both winter and summer campers of Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP). A two-page questionnaire was also mailed to 300 of the winter users to survey their characteristics, past backpacking experience, and reasons for winter camping. Backcountry permit data indicate that use patterns differ significantly between winter and summer campers, with winter campers taking shorter, weekend, destination-type trips. Winter campers engage in backcountry camping nearly twice as often during winter as other seasons of the year, both in and outside GSMNP. They are also experienced hikers that tend to avoid camping in Great Smoky Mountains National Park during the summer because of heavy visitor use. This suggests that winter backcountry campers are different enough from peak season campers that management of these two user groups may require different styles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Collection building 17 (1998), S. 148-153 
    ISSN: 0160-4953
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Information Science and Librarianship
    Notes: Providing convenient access to journals for users in a geographically dispersed university was a challenge for the Pennsylvania State University Libraries' Full-Text Implementation Group. The group established and implemented procedures for providing full-text access to general interest periodicals to all Penn State users, both in the libraries and remotely. This paper discusses the formation of the group, addresses the decisions made about providing full-text, the procedures established to implement and promote full-text, the problems encountered during implementation, and the future of full-text access at Penn State.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Nutrient data from all available sources for the lower Mississippi River were examined for potential differences among sampling agencies and geographic locations for the period between 1960 and 1998. Monthly means grouped by parameter, sampling location and agency, were calculated and compared as paired sets, excluding those months where data were not available for both sets. Some significant differences were found between various agencies collecting nutrient data on the river, as well as between various stretches of river, especially in the case of phosphorus nutrient data. Results were used to synthesize data sets from which a history of nutrient loading in the Mississippi River was determined. General trends in nitrate+nitrite, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus and silica loads, as well as changes in nutrient proportions and the specific limiting nutrient (by month) are reported. This study provides a useful summary of contemporary and historical nutrient data that may assist in the evaluation of Mississippi River water quality and its potential effect on the Gulf of Mexico.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 17 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aqueous extracts of Fusarium solani and other members of the Fungi Imperfecti were evaluated for the presence of common antigenic/allergenic determinants using skin-prick testing, radio-allergo-sorbent test (RAST) inhibition, and immunoelectrophoretic methods. Prevalence of skin reactivity in forty-four atopic individuals, tested with commercially available fungal extracts, ranged from 27.3% for Alternaria tenuis to 6.8% for Penicillium notatum. No specific patterns of reactivity emerged from statistical analyses of skin test data. In contrast, RAST inhibition demonstrated common allergenic determinants. P. notatum and Aspergillus glaucus inhibited F. solani RAST by 79% and 84%, respectively. This was supported by crossed line immunoelectrophoresis; both P. notatum and A. glaucus had antigenic determinants in common with F. solani. Collectively, these studies suggest that F. solani, P. notatum, and A. glaucus have several common antigenic/allergenic determinants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    British journal of educational technology 33 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8535
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: This study describes the context for the development of a tool to formatively assess information technology skills of students. The tool provides a reliable and valid assessment of word processing competency, utilizing automation to apply the test instrument via the Microsoft Office package. Tests can be designed directly by tutors, and delivered via a network. Evaluation of the tests suggests that immediate automated testing is preferred by students compared to a traditional written test. There is evidence that the tool improves the IT skills of its users, whereas a traditional written test has no such beneficial effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the acute effects of environmental tobacco smoke on respiratory tract lung function, 130 asthmatics and 28 non-asthmatics were exposed up to 4 hours to side stream environmental tobacco smoke (SS-ETS) in a dynamic challenge chamber. The vast majority of the subjects exposed to SS-ETS reported upper respiratory and ocular irritant symptoms; the prevalence of these symptoms was not significantly associated with any particular study groups analyzed, or with the self-perception of tobacco smoke allergy by the study subject. All 28 SS-ETS-exposed non-asthmatics had no significant change in lung function, while 26/130 asthmatics demonstrated a significant drop in pulmonary function (FEV1≥20% decline), generally within 90 to 240 minutes after start of exposure. Classical late phase bronchoconstriction was not observed up to 24 hours following the challenge. Six/26 reactors had a significant drop in lung function following a sham control challenge, indicating that 20/130 asthmatics had a specific bronchoconstrictive response to SS-ETS. Responses to diminishing levels of SS-ETS demonstrated that some asthmatics can react to levels as low as 0.0128 cigarette – min/m3 (comparable to ETS levels in the homes of many smokers).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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