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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 113-125 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Complete cerebral ischemia ; Postischemic recirculation ; Electron microscopy ; Nuclear perturbations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic elements in several brain loci of the cat were examined at the light and electron microscopic level immediately after periods of complete cerebral ischemia (CCI) uncomplicated by post-ischemic recirculation. Such CCI episodes ranged from 1.5–25 min duration and were methodically produced in a cat model employing rigorous physiological controls. Subsequent to these CCI insults, morphological alterations occurred in a homogeneous manner within each cell type of all loci examined; however, variation in the temporal onset and magnitude of alterations among the various cell types was observed. With brief ischemic insults all cell nuclei demonstrated pronounced nuclear alterations, while their cytoplasmic organelles displayed minimal change. Chromatin clumping and nucleolar condensation were observed in both neurons and glia subsequent to 1.5–5 min of CCI, respectively. With increasing durations of CCI such changes were more dramatic and conspicuous alterations of the cytoplasmic organelles were observed. On the basis of extensive morphological analyses the present study illustrates that nuclear alterations are the first to occur subsequent to CCI. The homogeneity of neuronal involvement seen subsequent to CCI uncomplicated by post-ischemic recirculation is inconsistent with the “selective vulnerability” purported to occur by others. The significance of this inconsistency remains to be assessed; yet, the suggestion is advanced that post-ischemic recirculation may be a factor in the genesis of such vulnerability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1987), S. 629-630 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ofloxacin ; pharmacokinetics ; healthy male volunteers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion In healthy subjects ofloxacin pharmacokinetics were found to be linear in the dose range studied (100–400 mg). The terminal half-time was 7.5–8 h and plasma ofloxacin concentrations were still detectable at 16 and 24 h after administration. The ratio of renal ofloxacin clerance: creatinine clearance was 1.35–1.82 and was not significantly different for the three doses. The non-renal clearance of ofloxacin was 40–60 ml·min−1, i.e. 20–30% of the total body clearance. Food intake delayed the absorption of ofloxacin but did not significantly modify its elimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 42 (1992), S. 535-538 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Meropenem ; Carbapenem ; pharmacokinetics ; uraemia ; haemodialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of IV meropenem (500 mg over 30 min) has been studied in 6 healthy volunteers and 26 patients with various degrees of renal impairment. Blood samples were taken at different times over 24 h in healthy subjects and 36 to 48 h in uraemic patients, and four or five urine samples were collected over 24 or 48 h. Meropenem concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by a microbiological assay. The mean peak plasma concentration of meropenem ranged from 28 to 40 μg·ml−1 and was not affected by the degree of renal impairment. The terminal half-life of meropenem was approximately 1 h in subjects with normal kidney function and it was proportionately increased as renal function decreased. A significant linear relationship between total body clearance and creatinine clearance as well as between renal clearance and creatinine clearance was observed. The mean apparent volume of distribution at steady state was not significantly altered in uraemic patients. The mean cumulative urinary recovery of meropenem in healthy volunteers was 77% of the administered dose and it was significantly decreased in patients with renal impairment. Haemodialysis shortened the elimination half-life, from 9.7 h during the predialysis period to 1.4 h during the dialysis period. The dose of meropenem should be reduced in relation to the decrease in creatinine clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 222 (1994), S. 472-478 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 331 (1993), S. 267-271 
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    International Journal of Biochemistry 23 (1991), S. 377-381 
    ISSN: 0020-711X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
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    Philadelphia : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Social studies. 29:3 (1938:Mar.) 112 
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 20 (1992), S. S286 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Frankreich fand kürzlich eine Konsensus- Konferenz zur Einigung über die Indikationen für eine Kurzzeit-Therapie zur Behandlung von Harnwegsinfektionen statt. Eine Kurzzeit-Therapie kommt grundsätzlich für nicht schwangere, junge Frauen mit symptomatischer unkomplizierter Harnwegsinfektion in Frage. Die Erkrankung sollte weniger als drei Tage bestehen. Andere schwere Grundkrankheiten oder eine urologisch-nephrologische Vorgeschichte sind auszuschließen. Die Frauen sollten sich außerdem einverstanden erklären, daß eine klinische und möglicherweise auch eine bakteriologische Kontrolluntersuchung nach Therapieende durchgeführt wird. Nur Antibiotika mit prolongierter Harnausscheidung können empfohlen werden, wie Co-trimoxazol, fluorierte Chinolone und Fosfomycin Trometamol. Die Indikationen für eine Kurzzeittherapie bei Schwangeren, Kindern und bei älteren Patienten sind noch ungeklärt. Im Vergleich zu konventionellen Strategien, bei denen Urinkulturen angelegt werden, sollten durch Anwendung von Teststreifen für den Nachweis von Nitrit und Leukozytenesterase zur Entscheidung über Therapiebedürftigkeit und Therapieerfolg erhebliche Kosteneinsparungen möglich sein.
    Notes: Summary The indications for short-term treatment to cure urinary tract infections (UTIs) have been recently clarified in France by a “Consensus Conference”. Short-term treatment essentially concerns young, non-pregnant women with symptomatic uncomplicated lower UTI of less than three days duration, with no other underlying severe illness or previous uro-nephrological history, and who accept the idea of clinical and possibly bacteriological control after treatment. Only antibiotics with prolonged urinary excretion are recommended, i.e. co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones or fosfomycin-trometamol. In pregnancy, in children, or in the elderly, indications for short-term treatment still remain controversial. As compared with conventional therapeutic strategies using urine cultures, the use of test strips for nitrite and leukocyte esterase for deciding on treatment and assessing its efficacy should allow considerable financial savings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 20 (1992), S. S171 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir berichten über eine kürzlich durchgeführte französische Konsensus-Konferenz über die Antibiotikatherapie bei Harnwegsinfektionen (HWI). Die empfohlenen Richtlinien beschränken sich auf Fragen, über die ein Konsensus möglich erschien: untere unkomplizierte HWI, Bakteriurie in der Schwangerschaft und bei älteren Patienten, akute Pyelonephritis und Prostatitis.
    Notes: Summary We report on a recent French Consensus Conference on antimicrobial therapy of urinary tract infections (UTI). These guidelines were limited to questions on which a consensus seemed possible, namely lower uncomplicated urinary tract infections, bacteriuria in pregnancy and in the elderly, acute pyelonephritis and prostatis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Pharmakokinetik des Sisomicin, eines neuen Aminoglykosids, wurde bei 10 nierengesunden Probanden und 24 urämischen Patienten mit unterschiedlich stark eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion untersucht. Alle erhielten eine Einzeldosis von 1 mg/kg intramuskulär. Serum- und Harnkonzentrationen wurden mit einem modifizierten Agardiffusionstest unter Verwendung von Bacillus subtilis bestimmt. Bei den Probanden lag der durchschnittliche Spitzenspiegel bei 4,54 ± 0,8 mcg/ml und die Halbwertszeit (t/2) im Serum betrug 2,27 ± 0,22 h. Das Verteilungsvolumen war 14,5 ± 2,3 1/1,73 m2, d. h. 22,7 ± 3,2% des Körpergewichts. 85,2% ± 9,5% derinjizierten Dosis wurde während der 24 Stundenperiode nach der Injektion mit dem Harn ausgeschieden. Die Nierenclearance betrug 67,0 ± 14,9 ml/min/1,732, d. h. 54,4% ± 10,2% der Kreatinin-Clearance (Ccr). Bei den urämischen Patienten lag der durchschnittliche Spitzenspiegel zwischen 5,01 ± 0,65 und 5,59 ± 1,17 mcg/ml t/2 stieg rasch an, sobald die Kreatinin-Clearance unter 30 ml/min fiel. Verglichen mit den 2,27 h bei normaler Nierenfunktion lag t/2 bei 8 h für Patienten mit 20〈Ccr〈80 ml (Gruppe I), bei 22,61 h für Patienten mit 5〈Ccr〈20 ml/min (Gruppe II) und bei 56,98 h für Patienten mit sehr schlechter Nierenfunktion (Ccr〈5 ml/min) (Gruppe III). Die Sisomicin-Ausscheidung mit dem Harn sank mit Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion ab: 70 % der verabreichten Dosis in Gruppe I und 44 % in Gruppe II wurden innerhalb von 48 Std. nach der Injektion ausgeschieden. Bei hämodialysierten Patienten wurden während 6 Stunden Dialyse 27,8–53 % des Sisomicins eliminiert. Nach diesen pharmakokinetischen Daten können die Dosierungsempfehlungen an die Nierenfunktion angepaßt werden.
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetic data of sisomicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, were studied in ten normal subjects and in 24 uremic patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. All subjects received a single dose of 1 mg/kg intramuscularly. Serum and urine levels were determined using a modification of the agar diffusion method with Bacillus subtilis as test organism. In normal subjects, the mean peak level was 4.54 ± 0.80 mcg/ml and the serum half-life (t/2) 2.27 ± 0.22 h. The apparent volume of distribution was 14.5 ± 2.3 1/1.73 m2, i.e. 22.7 ± 3.2% of body weight. 85.2 % ± 9.5 % of the injected dose was excreted in the urine during the 24 hours following injection. Renal clearance was 67.0 ± 14.9 ml/min/1.73 m2, i.e. 54.4 % ± 10.2 % of creatinine clearance (Ccr). In uraemic patients, the mean peak level was between 5.01 ± 0.65 and 5.59 ± 1.17 mcg/ml. We observed a very sharp increase in t/2 when creatinine clearance fell below 30 ml/min. Compared to 2.27 h in normal subjects, t/2 was 8 h in patients with 20〈Ccr〈80 ml/min (Group I), 22.61 h in patients with 5〈Ccr〈20 ml/min (Group II) and 56.98 h in patients with very poor renal function (Ccr〈5 ml/min) (Group III). The urinary excretion of sisomicin diminished as the renal function decreased: 70 % of the injected dose in Group I and 44 % in Group II was excreted during the 48 hours following injection. In haemodialysed patients, 27.8–53 % of the sisomicin was extracted during a six hour dialysis session. On the basis of these pharmacokinetic data, it is possible to establish dosage schedules adapted to the degree of renal impairment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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