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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 247 (Jan. 1997), p. 93-106 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Electrochimica Acta 32 (1987), S. 615-620 
    ISSN: 0013-4686
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 129-135 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New method for the determination of pit growth kinetics - Results on aluminiumA new method to study the pit growth kinetics is proposed. On metal foils with an appropriate detecting system on the backside of the specimen the perforation time of a growing pit is easily measured. Using metal foils of different thicknesses the pit growth kinetics can be investigated for various metal/potential/environment-conditions.The results obtained on aluminium show that the pit growth rate is time dependent. It is also markedly influenced by the applied potential and the chloride concentration of the electrolyte. Furthermore pit growth limiting potentials have been determined by electrolyte exchange experiments for various chloride concentrations. Below them pit growth is not possible. Comparing these values with the potentiostatically determined pitting potentials it can be concluded that the pitting potentials of aluminium depend primarily on pit growth rather than on pit formation.
    Notes: Die in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagene Untersuchungsmethode erlaubt es, die Lochwachstumskinetik bei allen Metallen, welche in Blechform erhältlich sind, unabhängig vom Elektrolyt und unter kontrollierten elektrochemischen Bedingungen zu studieren. Mit dem für diesen Zweck entwickelten Detektorsystem 1äßt sich jene Zeit genau erfassen, welche die Löcher benötigen, um eine bestimmte Blechdicke zu perforieren. Durch die Verwendung mehrerer Blechdicken sind Aussagen über die Wachstumskinetik möglich.Die Untersuchungen mit dieser Methodik an Aluminium haben gezeigt, daß die Lochwachstumsgeschwindigkeit bzw. die Lochstromdichte vom Potential, vgn., der Chloridkonzentration und vom Alter des Loches abhängig ist. Es konnte weiter mit Elektrolytaustauschexperimenten nachgewiesen werden, daß jeder Chloridkonzentration ein Lochwachstumspotential zugeordnet werden kann, unterhalb dem die Löcher nicht wachsen können. Der Vergleich des Lochwachstumspotentials mit dem potentiostatisch bestimmten Lochfraßpotential 1äßt den Schluß zu, daß bei Aluminium das Lochfraßpotential eher ein Lochwachstums- als ein Lochbildungspotential ist.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 68-77 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition of pit initiation and pit growth on aluminumUnder potentiostatic conditions over 40 organic and inorganic compounds have been investigated in order to determine their inhibiting effect on the pitting corrosion of aluminum in 0.01 molar NaC1 solutions.The concentration dependent inhibitor efficiency decreases in the order:Na-oleate, NO-3 ≫ WO2-4 〉 IO-3, MoO2-4, BrO-3, Na-benzoate 〉 CrO2-4 〉 NO-2, Na-tartrate.SO2-4, ClO-4 and the other organic compounds tested accelerate the pit growth as well as too low concentrations of inhibiting ions. The accelerating effect depends directly on the conductivity of the electrolyte.The inhibitor efficiency depends on the potential and is deteriorated by non inhibiting ions such as ClO-4 or SO2-4. The minimum concentration required to inhibit completely the pit initiation and the pit growth is often not identical. This fact explains partly the inconsistent data found in the literature.The phenomena observed are explained on the basis of the Temkin isotherm.
    Notes: über 40 organische und anorganische Substanzen wurden unter potentiostatischen Bedingungen hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung auf die Lochfraßkorrosion bei Aluminium in 0,01 molaren NaCl-Lösungen untersucht.Die konzentrationsabhängige Wirksamkeit nimmt in folgender Reihe ab:Na-Oleat, NO-3 ≫ WO2-4 〉 IO-3, MoO2-4, BrO-3, Na-Benzoat 〉 CrO2-4 〉 No-2, Na-Tartrat.SO2-4 ClO-4 und die anderen geprüften organischen Verbindungen beschleunigen den Lochwachstums-Prozeß, da durch die Zugabe dieser Substanzen der Elektrolytwiderstand verkleinert wird. Zu kleine Inhibitorkonzentrationen beschleunigen das Lochwachstum ebenfalls.Die Inhibitorwirksamkeit ist potentialabhängig und wird durch nicht inhibierende Ionen wie ClO-4 oder SO2-4 vermindert. Die zur vollständigen Inhibierung der Lochbildung und des Lochwachstums notwendigen Inhibitorkonzentrationen sind in vielen Fällen nicht identisch, was die Widersprüche in der vorhandenen Literatur zumindest teilweise erklärt. Mit Hilfe der Temkinisothermen wird versucht, die festgestellten Phänomene zu deuten.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 593-603 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the mechanism of pitting corrosion of aluminumIn an extensive study the dependencies of the pit growth of aluminum on time, potential and electrolyte conductivity have been quantitatively analysed. From this analysis it could be concluded that the pit growth kinetics is governed by the ohmic potential drop inside the pit. This explains the square-root time law experimentally found for the pit growth and the low activation energy of 3.14 kcal/mole.Moreover this analysis led to the conclusion that pitting is caused by a primary change of the properties of the pit surface due to the adsorption of chloride ions, since high local composition changes are prevented by the gas bubbles generated in the pits increasing the mass transport enormously, and since the total ohmic potential drop inside and outside the pits can not be larger than the difference between the actual potential and the pit growth limiting potential.Additional statements refer to the reaction order of the chloride ions, to the minimum chloride concentration for pitting and to the influence of pH and motion of the electrolyte.
    Notes: Die quantitative Analyse der Zeit-, Potential-und Leitfähigkeitsabhängigkeit des Lochwachstums bei Aluminium ergab, daß die Lochwachstumskinetik durch den ohmschen Spannungsabfall im Lochinnern gesteuert wird. Das bei der Lochwachstumskinetik gefundene t1/2-Gesetz und die niedrige Aktivierungsenergie von 3.14 kcal/mol sind damit direkt erklärbar.Die Analyse führte zudem zur sehr wichtigen Erkenntnis, daß als Stabilitätskriterium nur eine primäre Veränderung der Eigenschaften der Lochoberfläche durch die Adsorption der CI -Ionen in Frage kommt, da eine hohe Aufkonzentration durch die Rührwirkung der H2-Blasen verhindert wird, und da betragsmässig der innere und äußere Spannungsabfall nicht größer sein kann als die Differenz zwischen dem potentiostatisch vorgegebenen Potential und dem Lochwachstumspotential.Weitere Aussagen beziehen sich auf die Reaktionsordnung bezüglich der Cl--Ionen, auf die kleinste, noch Lochfraß erzeugende Cl--Konzentration und auf den Einfluss des pH-Wertes und der Elektrolytbewegung.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 1810-1811 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of some new fluorinated monoesters of phenylphosphonic acid is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 1817-1820 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate of hydrolysis of phenylphosphonic monoesters at different pH values (0,4,5 and 14), at 100° and in 0,1M solutions, is studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 44 (1961), S. 1824-1827 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenylphosphonic oxide reacts with diols to give the corresponding hydroxyalkylphenylphosphonic monoesters in very good yields.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some new fluorinated phosphoric esters are described. The rate of hydrolysis of the organic fluorine and of the phosphoric ester bond is studied. The phosphoric ester group has a stabilizing effect on the fluorine in alkaline medium, whereas the fluorine has a labilizing effect on the phosphoric ester group in acid medium (pH 4,5 and HCl 1N). In all the derivatives where only one atom of fluorine is fixed on one atom of carbon, the fluorine is very easily hydrolysed in alkaline medium. When 2 atoms of F are fixed on the same atom of C, the fluorine derivative is stable in alkaline medium.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydroxy-esters (and keto-esters even more so) are liable to be acidolysed and not phosphorylated when heated with polyphosphoric acid.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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