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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tomboyism (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychology of women quarterly 2 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-6402
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: The meager research available on tomboyism is based on the assumption that it is rare and abnormal. Following an initial observation that 78% of a group of undergraduate women reported having been tomboys in childhood, the frequency of tomboyism was assessed in two samples, one of junior-high girls, the other of adult women. In the junior-high sample, 63% reported being tomboys, while 51% of the adult women reported having been tomboys in childhood. Tomboyish behaviors such as a preference for active, outdoor games, playing with boys, and wearing jeans were also very frequent. It was concluded that tomboyism is statistically quite common and there is little indication that it is abnormal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1977.tb00574.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comment on Jensen's note on sex linkage and race differences in spatial ability (1978)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 8 (1978), S. 207-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: spatial ability ; sex linkage ; race differences
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Several criticisms of Jensen's hypothesis on sex linkage and race differences in spatial ability are raised. Data on whether blacks have a deficit in spatial ability are inconsistent. Whether there are X-linked influences on spatial ability has been questioned recently. Two studies provide data inconsistent with Jensen's hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01066876
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated characters in selection for aggressiveness in female mice. II. maternal aggressiveness (1979)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 9 (1979), S. 571-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: maternal aggression ; artificial selection ; Mus musculus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The present study investigated whether maternal aggression has shown a correlated response in a program of artificial selection for isolation-induced interfemale aggression in housemice. Females from the first replicate of lines (H1, C1, L1) and the second replicate of lines (H2, C2, L2) from generation S5 were given daily aggression tests for 20 consecutive days following the birth of their first litter. Evidence of a correlated response was found for replicate 2, but results for replicate 1 provided no evidence of a correlated response. In generation S10, when better separation of the lines on isolation-induced aggression had occurred, the study was repeated. In S10 there was clear evidence of a correlated response in both of the replicates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067353
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for agonistic behavior in wild femaleMus musculus (1976)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 6 (1976), S. 291-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: artificial selection ; female aggression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Artificial selection was used to establish different levels of agonistic behavior in laboratory-reared wild femaleMus musculus. A within-family selection design with replicated high and low lines and two nonselected control lines was employed. Females only were tested at 8 weeks of age on 2 consecutive days. Testing consisted of placing a C57BL/6 female mouse in the home cage of the isolation-reared wild mouse for 7 min or until an attack occurred. The wild females were rated on a 5-point scale for agonistic behavior, and the sum of the scores over the 2 test days was the criterion for selection. The six lines, each containing ten breeding pairs, were selected for four generations. By the fourth selected generation, the responses of the high and low lines had diverged in the expected directions. One-way analyses of variance indicated reliable differences among high, low, and control lines in the second, third, and fourth generations. It was concluded that female agonistic behavior is influenced by genotype and that the level of this behavior can be manipulated by means of artificial selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065725
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated response in selection for aggressiveness in female mice. I. Male aggresiveness (1976)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 6 (1976), S. 421-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: aggression ; artificial selection ; correlated character ; genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Males from the fifth selected generation of a selection program for aggressiveness in femaleMus musculus (Ebert and Hyde, 1976) were tested to determine whether male aggressiveness showed a correlated response in selection for female aggressiveness. The results indicated that male aggression had not shown a correlated response. Differences among males from the high, control, and low lines were not statistically significant in one replication and were significant but not in the predicted order in the other replication. There were marginally significant line x sex interactions. The rank correlation between male and female aggression scores was 0.20, which was not significant. The results suggest that male aggressiveness and female aggressiveness are under separate genetic control. Data for generation S5 females are also reported; differences among the high, control, and low lines continue to be significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065699
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection for agonistic behavior in wild female mice (1980)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 10 (1980), S. 349-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: selective breeding ; female aggression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract This article reports the results of 11 generations of selective breeding for isolation-induced, interfemale aggression inMus musculus. Within-family selection was used to form two high, two low, and two unselected control lines, beginning with a population of wild-trapped mice. Selection was successful in establishing the divergent lines, so that in recent generations about 50% of high-line animals attack, as do 25% of controls and 5% of lows. Realized heritabilities for eight generations of selection were 0.12 for H1, 0.14 for H2 0.34 for L1, and 0.46 for L2. Male aggression has apparently not shown a correlated response to selection for female aggression. Group housing reduces the aggression of female mice, but the order of the lines is maintained under either isolation or group housing. Practical problems encountered in this selection program are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01065597
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic homeostasis and behavior: Analysis, data, and theory (1973)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 3 (1973), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic homeostasis has generally been defined by behavior geneticsts as the reduced variability of the F1 hybrid of two inbred strains. Alternative definitions and statistical analyses of homeostasis are given, emphasizing the distinction between genetic homeostasis and developmental homeostasis. A survey of recent behavioral data provides considerable evidence of homeostasis. Since homeostasis should be present in traits subjected either to directional or to stabilizing selection, the presence or absence of homeostasis, when considered together with heterosis, may provide important information on the evolutionary significance of many behaviors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067600
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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