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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nature of the interlayer coupling in annealed Ni80Fe20/Ag multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4762-4765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using x-ray and polarized neutron (PNR) reflectivity, we have measured the structural and magnetic depth profiles of annealed Ni80Fe20 (20 A(ring))/Ag (40 A(ring)) multilayers. The x-ray data indicate that the interfaces are highly mixed. PNR measurements of the 335 °C annealed multilayer in small magnetic fields reveal a broad feature in the off-specular spin-flip scattering that is not present for the unannealed sample. The giant magnetoresistance is thus associated with antiferromagnetic correlations between micrometer-sized magnetic domains within the Ni80Fe20 layers. This spin ordering is consistent with a model in which weak dipolar forces lead to an antiparallel alignment of the domains across the Ag layers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361664
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of epitaxial Ba-hexaferrite thin films on A-, R-, and C-plane oriented sapphire substrates : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6257-6259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of Ba-hexaferrite of the magnetoplumbite structure have been prepared on sapphire substrates of orientation (112¯0), (11¯02), and (0001). Torque magnetometry indicates easy axes parallel, tilted off parallel, and perpendicular to the substrate for the A-, R-, and C-plane substrates. X-ray diffraction shows that this is due to epitaxy between the Ba-ferrite and sapphire. For each substrate orientation, the c axes of the Ba-hexaferrite and sapphire are parallel and the directions of close packing in the close-packed oxygen planes perpendicular to the c axes are parallel. Torque measurements are consistent with the combined effects of crystal and shape anisotropy. These results suggest that Ba-hexaferrite thin films with an easy axis at any angle with respect to the substrate can be prepared by appropriate choice of the sapphire substrate orientation, which may be of interest for microwave and other applications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354065
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ba-ferrite thin-film media for high-density longitudinal recording (invited) : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 5960-5965 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ba-ferrite is an attractive candidate for future high-density recording media because of its large coercivity, corrosion resistance, high hardness, and durability. In contrast to most recent work on Ba-ferrite thin film media, polycrystalline films with large in-plane remanence for longitudinal recording are emphasized. Films are prepared on a variety of substrates by on-axis sputtering at low temperatures from stoichiometric targets followed by a postdeposition anneal in a rapid thermal processor at ∼850 °C to induce crystallization. Structural and chemical properties have been investigated by force microscopy, Rutherford backscattering, and other means. Stoichiometric films have large 5000 A(ring) grains that are unsuitable for high-density recording. However, grain sizes as small as 200 A(ring) have been produced by doping with small amounts of Cr2O3 and other additives. Compositional changes also influence crystallite orientation. Exceptional durability has been observed on disks without overcoats, presumably due to a fine-scale texturing that occurs during crystallization. Coercivities are greater than 4000 Oe even in small grain films. The effect of grain size on coercivity and signal-to-noise ratio of several Ba-ferrite disks is discussed. It is argued that the grains are magnetically decoupled based on the magnetic properties of these films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356987
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weakly coupled grain model of high-frequency losses in high Tc superconducting thin films (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 1343-1345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a model of Josephson coupling between grains to explain the millimeter-wave surface impedance of oriented, polycrystalline thin films of high Tc superconductors. An effective junction IcR product and effective grain size are calculated based on recent measurements of the surface impedance. We suggest a criterion on film quality for the observation of losses intrinsic in the superconductor. The effects of crystalline orientation on surface impedance are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99976
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural origin of giant magnetoresistance in a new sensor structure based on NiFe/Ag discontinuous multilayer thin films : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6382-6384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The origin of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in a new sensor structure incorporating discontinuous multilayers (DML) of NiFe thin films separated by Ag interlayers is elucidated by means of x-ray diffraction, x-ray reflectivity, and cross-section transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the observed magnetoresistance, ∼4%–6% in fields on the order of 5–10 Oe at 25 °C, is associated with the breakup upon annealing of the initially dense, columnar superlattice structure into discontinuous multilayers of NiFe due to highly mobile Ag forming Ag bridges between the Ag layers. This observation supports a micromagnetic model for these structures that is based on the concept of initially large ferromagnetic domains in the as-deposited NiFe structure, exhibiting negligible GMR, breaking up into discontinuous layers, exhibiting an appreciable GMR, with antiferromagnetic ordering across the Ag interlayers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355357
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low field giant magnetoresistance in discontinuous magnetic multilayers : 38th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 7058-7060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Giant magnetoresistance of order 4%–6% has been observed in fields of 5–10 Oe at room temperature in annealed multilayers of Ni80Fe20/Ag prepared by magnetron sputtering. For a wide range of NiFe and Ag thicknesses, no giant magnetoresistance was observed in the unannealed films. We attribute the appearance of giant magnetoresistance to a magnetostatic interlayer interaction that promotes antiparallel order of the moments in adjacent layers fostered by a breakup of the NiFe layers. We discuss the effects of variations in the underlayers, spacer thickness, and the sputtering process on the magnetoresistance. Our results suggest that maximizing magnetoresistance and minimizing hysteresis require samples with continuous Ag layers that prevent contact between the NiFe layers and NiFe layers that are discontinuous but not too severly disrupted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356725
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An iron-core magnetic inductance probe to measure critical current densities in superconducting thin films (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 2248-2258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe a magnetic induction probe capable of rapid measurement of the critical current densities of superconducting thin films in a noncontacting, nondestructive fashion. The use of an iron core enables us to generate field levels at the sample surface of 4000 A/cm (0.5 T) and thereby to measure a critical current density of 8×107 A/cm2 in a film 0.5-μm thick. The technique provides the ability to measure a current-voltage relationship without contacting the film and, thereby, to establish criteria for the definition of a critical current. We discuss the design, operation, and calibration of the device. The probe has proven effective in evaluating YBa2Cu3Ox (YBCO) thin films. We observe evidence of "flux creep'' in YBCO films and "flux jumps'' in Nb and NbCN films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143146
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Limitations of magnetoresistive sensors based on the giant magnetoresistive effect in granular magnetic composites (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 2431-2433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The giant magnetoresistive effect recently observed in thin film composites of ferromagnetic particles imbedded in a nonmagnetic metallic matrix offers the possibility that new magnetoresistive sensors can be fabricated using these structures. Here we consider the effects of particle size and shape, magnetocrystalline anisotropy and temperature on the performance and sensitivity of such devices. For the sensitivity required in read elements of high-performance magnetic heads, severe constraints on the choice of ferromagnetic material and particle size and shape are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109387
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and magnetic properties of epitaxial barium ferrite thin films on sapphire with in-plane, uniaxial anisotropy (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 867-869 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the first time, epitaxial barium-ferrite thin films, predominantly of the magnetoplumbite structure, with an easy axis of magnetization in-plane have been prepared on single-crystal sapphire substrates by reactive sputtering and post-deposition annealing. Lattice images by high resolution transmission electron microscopy reveal the probable origin of the magnetic anisotropy to be epitaxy between the Ba-ferrite and sapphire, causing the c-axis of the Ba-ferrite to lie nearly in-plane. Coercivities of more than 9 kOe have been achieved in the easy-axis direction in Al substituted films with magnetization reduced to approximately 25% of the value for unsubstituted films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107772
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetostatically induced giant magnetoresistance in patterned NiFe/Ag multilayer thin films (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1154-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin film multilayer structures consisting of two permalloy layers separated by Ag spacers show little or no giant magnetoresistance in their as-deposited state, due to a predominantly ferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling that does not oscillate in sign with variations in the Ag spacer thickness. Upon patterning these films into arrays of dots and other geometries with micron scale features, however, antiferromagnetic coupling and giant magnetoresistance are observed due to magnetostatic interactions between layers that are induced at the edges of the patterns. In this letter we present our experimental results and discuss their relevance as magnetoresistive sensors for magnetic recording heads and other applications. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114992
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